G H RAISONI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Recognized by DTE, Maharashtra)
An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur
Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade
Shraddha Park, B-37-39/1, MIDC, Hingna-Wadi Link Road, Nagpur-440016 (INDIA)
Phone Nos.: 07104-234501 Fax: +91-07104-234501
Email: -
[email protected] Web: - www.ghrietn.raisoni.net
First Year Engineering Department
EXPERIMENT NO.
AIM:- Determination of saponification value of given
lubricating oil.
APPARATUS:- Conical flask, pipette, burette, air condenser etc.
CHEMICALS:- KOH sol., HCl sol., Oil sample, Phenolphthalein indicator
THEROY: The saponification value of oil is the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide
required to saponify fatty materials present in one gram of the oil. The vegetable or animal oils
are esters of fatty acids and they react with KOH to form the potassium salts of fatty acids.
CH2 OOCC17H35 CH2 OH
| |
CHOOCC17H35 + 3KOH → CHOH + 3C17H35 COOK
| | potassium
CH2 OOCC17H35 CH2OH stearate
Glycerol
(Stearic Acid) Fatty oil
Vol. in ml of N/2 KOH consumed
Saponification value = ----------------------------------------------- X 28
Wt. of oil taken in grams
(Note: 28 is mg of KOH present in each ml of N/2 KOH sol.)
Thus, animal and vegetable oils undergo saponification but minerals oils do not. Further, most of
the animal and vegetable oils possess their own characteristic saponification values. Hence the
determination of saponification value helps to ascertain the presence of animal or vegetable oil in
a lubricant. Conversely, since each of the fixed oils has got its own specification saponification
value, any deviation from this value in a given sample indicates the probability of adulteration.
Saponification value also helps in the determination of the quantity of fatty oil present in
compounded oil.
For the determination of saponification value of oil is treated with standard KOH. So fatty
material present in oil gets saponify and the amount of KOH consumed is calculated from the
volume of HCl used.
PROCEDURE:
G H RAISONI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Recognized by DTE, Maharashtra)
An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur
Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade
Shraddha Park, B-37-39/1, MIDC, Hingna-Wadi Link Road, Nagpur-440016 (INDIA)
Phone Nos.: 07104-234501 Fax: +91-07104-234501
Email: - [email protected] Web: - www.ghrietn.raisoni.net
First Year Engineering Department
1. Fill the burette with HCl
2. Weigh accurately 5 gm of the oil sample in 250 ml flask.
3. Add 50 ml of N/2 alcoholic KOH (alcohol + KOH) solution into the flask.
4. Fitted it with a reflux condenser.
5. Reflux the contents over a water bath for about 1 hour.
6. Remove the flask from the water bath.
7. Add a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator.
8. Titrate it against the N/2 HCl until the solution becomes colourless.
OBSERVATIONS:- Determination of Saponification Value
Given Normality of HCl= 0.5 N and Normality of KOH= 0.5 N
Observations:
1) Solution in burette = HCl
2) Solution in conical flask = (5gm) Oil + Alcoholic KOH after reflux
3) Indicator = phenolphthalein
4) End point = pink to colourless
Sr. Wt. of Volume of HCl used Cons. B. R.
No. Oil taken Initial BR Final BR
1. 5 gm 0ml 28.5 ml 28.5 ml
CALCULATION:-
Vol. in ml of N/2 KOH consumed
Saponification number = --------------------------------------------------X 28
Weight of the oil taken in grams
= 28.5 x 28
…………….
5
= 159.6
RESULT: Saponification value of given lubricating oil is 159.6
G H RAISONI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Recognized by DTE, Maharashtra)
An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur
Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade
Shraddha Park, B-37-39/1, MIDC, Hingna-Wadi Link Road, Nagpur-440016 (INDIA)
Phone Nos.: 07104-234501 Fax: +91-07104-234501
Email: -
[email protected] Web: - www.ghrietn.raisoni.net
First Year Engineering Department
CONCLUSION:- As per saponification value chart, the saponification value of Soyabean
oil should be between 189-195. If saponification value is not within this range, indicates
adulteration of oil.
