‘Outer Napoleon Triangle Equality may perhaps be ght, bu no pewer on earth can ever tum tint tect. ~ Hone de Balzac CHAPTER 3 | Congruent Triangles 3.1 Introduction ‘Two figures are congruent if they are exactly the same — in other words, we can slide, spin, and/or flip one figure so that itis ‘exactly on top of the other figure Figure 3.1: Congruent Figures Figure 3.1 shows four pairs of congruent figures. In each case, we can take one of the figures and slice it, spin it, and/or flip it so ‘that it exactly coincides with the other. D Q él F pl K Figure 3.2: Congruent Triangles ‘We use the symbol ~ta denote that two figures are congruent. Far example, ta deseribe the congruent triangles in Figure 3.2, we unite ADEF = AQPR. Notice that we are careful to put the vertices in the same order: 1 corresponds to @. Eto P, and F 10 R We would not, for example, write ADEF & A PQR for the triangles in Figure 3.2. H we have two congruent triangles, el the corresponding pairs of sides are equal, as are the corresponding angles. Conversely, if all pairs of corresponding sides of two triangles have equal lengths, and all the corresponding angles of the two triangles are ‘equal, then the triangles are congruent. Fortunately, to show that two triangles are congruent, we don’t have to go through the hassle of proving each pair of sides and ‘each pair of corresponding angles are congruent. In this chapter, well cover various ways requiring considerably less information +0 show that two triangles are congruent.3.5 SSA Not-Necessarily Congruence Problems. Problem 3.13 Auump Soliton Inthe casa below we ave tree ais who sie of ent 2§ em anc’ om anda nga of 0" The A angle hae the em eegrent asdf dose nthe he 2 Sem rgment a3 ee Ar the angie congien? i Prolom 3.14 ump Soliton In this role we exore why thers ro Ske Sfe-Ange Congrenoe Theorem by buldng a wang wih ABE = 1.8 em, Be ~ 15em end ZBAC 4 1 baw AB = 1.80m, 2 Wekrow that BC = em. Draw the posin the diagram ht are 1.5m from B. £2 Dew the pnts inthe casa hat canbe sentat CBAC = 40" (Forget BC = 1. morn) 4. Usethe previous two puso determine where C can oss be 5 ls SSA vals conauence heoten? (Dow ever hare case tion hen he eats of site ATF and TAC. and AC, ere only one posible rath of ic Sotiton for ration 3.18: Um no Cleaty HT may smaller han FF ar Cs the wanes eit congiuent © [SSS SAS athe ASA, An6 AAS tm BATA, ot meh Yy? Souion for Pela 314 We stat as we nave before caning A wit eng 1.8 i. Since BIC = 15cm C must ben exce wih crt H and ads 1 Sem sso, snce CBAC = 40" (Cimastoe on ty tom A thst hae a4? srgle wih ATE They andthe ccle ate show othe ‘ron The ryt he cle nto pots, Cand Ci. Both QABCy and ABCs mate te formatonwe ae gren about AIBC. but they ae very cDusy not congruent. WARNING SiceSide-Angle GSA sot «vad congivence eaten You cannot wee prove a " . ‘You mit hae nse ta if we Wyo bl 8 ange gen two ses and a reninclued angle as Peblem 3.14, We dot ‘nays gst wo possible pints. The let dagam sbove shows» ean a wich we do get eal one poeable andthe rah {igure above shows a caren which no tang te poral Welle resizing he ore ace lnter when weave mete ose totaleabet this specoleae3.7 Construction: Equilateral Triangle and Perpendicular Bisector pe Sean yon 2 at al eg ct Te wt ‘peoicttea o 2 Trois3.8 Summary Defer: Tworigres a congruent they ae exact te same — moter words wecon side spn aarp ore Fur so tate exat on op fhe ctr fare. Ins chapter we nestigated the allowing thorns fr roving hat two Wane are congruent: + 885.Conguene ithe ses of one tng eau he ses of another angle ten he tsps are congruent (Secon 32) + SAS Conguene two ses of one engl andthe angle between hem ae eal hose of aneter angle hen the two tranfes re congrent (Seton 33). 1 AsACongruence If wo ane fone late ae the side between em axes to ose of arate angle hen the two trans ae congruent (Seton 34) 1 AAs congruence If tuo srs sd a ss of ane tnarle equal he covesponding angles and site in anther ng ae shown below then the ange are congruent (Section 34) Important: Once we determine that wo angles af congruent, we can appy whatever we ow Zs ie ar ngs fom arg to tran. obo ple ‘fen goes ay the fancy name "aresponing Parts of CangruntTiangles ere Congten or CPCTE. Defntons: A rangle wich two des are equals an noses angle The ‘eal ees rete lege ofthe tingle ade or ee I the base ‘Tho ale between te to equa sles fe often cals the vortex _anglo of te tangle andthe oer two anges are the base angles ‘ich are ota each ter. wee, a ZC MAABC, en AB = AC Defnton: —A-viangln which lee se are equal en equate tangle Al ree angle of anoquftel wangle are Important: fll ee anges of strange ae eau the so a al te es Conners al 7 twee stesofetionge reece enalits ages eau Throughout the ook we wll useconzuent ange to frove many portant eeu, One of he Ft: Imporane —Wevaduscf cle besten chard of th ine hate nots 7 Seveectthede mat npper tec i \ \ oe } Ny, Problem Solving Strategies. Coneeet: 4 In mere completed geomet problems: mak sige and angle equates as you | ‘ater erally wen you nd nt-oous anes) *+ Dna sosooes wales inl by drawing 2 segment fom the verter between ‘te aisles emp of Mebane canbe vrei, + tf ya ctuck onan ange problem asin ane of the ance measure eval ‘nd find eter ales terms ofthat arable. Hope, youl evra be able ‘obuld an equstonyou con use sve forthe arable ‘+ Mac tn informstion you nave in a groblem on your diagram partly eu ‘21666 ad equa angles. Tw rake congruent angles partly 95)" + Abwaysbe tring sboa what yeu aed krow hw to do when ya something Things To Watch Out For! (WARNING SEA Ske SdeAngh) snot ald congruence them two ede of one ange ‘ae eal 0 two sles of anote and the two tangles hve eq eresponding © sles tt aero the angles bene he esl corespnang te, then the I ‘rales re net necessary congruent!5.4 SSS Similarity Weuse 838 Simian less often than AA and SAS, Important; (658 Smriy tele us at ech od of ne tangle whe sane coetant multiple a ee ead are ee ree wo o_o z A 5 ¥ 14 z é Corea ane 4B ac Be DE DE FF AARC ~ ADB Inetioe LA = 2D, LB = £E.and £0 = Problems Problem 11 “mp Sean Gen he sides shown fe apa prov that AE | HC and A DE . A. 5 \A wf ° 6 ¢ As we nated, few problems requite SSS Simlaty, We may, however, consider it in problems in which sll we ate givens lengths, Dut we have to prove something out ances. or Sete fo Pele 51: We ned 1 se engl show te segments a parle bull have ads. Wek fina, nde at 4B _ ac EO aD so AARC ~ ADEA by S85 Similatty. Therefore, ZBAC = ZEDA, 20 AB || DE. Alea, ZDAB = ZACB, 20 Seine Exercises Two isosceles wiangles have the seme ratio of leg length to base length, Pro equal thatthe vertex angles of the two tangles are “Type your solution, notes and/or work hee