No.
Geometric Property
1 Adjacent angles on a straight line are supplementary
(adj. 2s on a str. line)
Za + b = 180°
ba
2 Vertically opposite angles are equal (vert. opp. Zs)
L a = 2c
Zb= Zd
ay
b
3 Angles formed by parallel lines:
Corresponding angles are equal, a
i.e. La = Lh (corr. 2s, AB !/ CD) A B
Alternate angles are equal,
i.e. Zb = c (alt. Zs, AB II CD)
Interior angles are supplementary, C Kb - D
i.e. Zb + Ld = 180° (int. Zs, AB / CD)
4 Angle properties of triangles:
a + Lb + Lc= 180(Zsum of A)
L a + Lb = Lq (ext. 2 = sum of int. opp. Zs)
Aa
Isosceles A: Zb = Lc (base Ls of isos. A), AB = AC
BAb CC
Equilateral A: Za = Lh= Lc = 60" (Zs ofequilateral A),
AB = AC = BC a
BAO
5Propertiesof quadrilaterals:
(a) Trapezium
A t least one pair of opposite sides are parallel
(b) Parallelogram
Two pairs of opposite sides are parallel
Opposite sides are equal in length
Opposite angles are equal
Diagonals bisect each other
(c) Rectangle
Has all the properties of a parallelogram
All angles are right angles
Diagonals are equal in length
(d) Rhombus
Two pairs of opposite sides are parallel
All sidesequal in length
are
Opposite anglesare equal
Diagonals bisect each other at right angles
Diagonals bisect the interior angles
(e) Square
Has all the properties of a rhombus
All angles are right angles
Diagonals are equal in length
( Kite
Two pairs of adjacent sides are equal
Diagonals are perpendicular
.The longer diagonal bisects the other diagonal
6 Symmetry properties of circles:
Perpendicular bisector of chord passes through the centre
i.e. OB LAC A B = BC
(L bisector of a chord passes through centre)
Equal chords are equidistant from the centre B
AB CD OP = 0Q
Tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the point
of contact
i.e. La = 90° (tan. L rad.)
Tangents from an external point are equal in length,
i.e. TP = TQ
7 Angle properties of circles:
Angle at the centre is equal to twice the angle at
the circumference (L at centre =2 2at O"),
i.e. Za = 24b
Angle in a semicircle is a right angle (rt. Z in a semicircle),
i.e. Za 90
=
Angles in the same segment are equal
(Zs in the same segment),
i.e. La = Lb
Angles in opposite segments are supplementary
( s in opp. segments are supp.), a
i.e. Za + 2b = 180°
Lc+ Ld= 180" d
2. Properties of Congruent Triangles
Corresponding sides are equal in length.
Corresponding angles are equal.
3. Congruence Tests for Triangles
(i) SSS
AB XY,AC XZ and BC = YZ
B
A
(i) SAS
AB XY, AC = XZ and LA = ZX
A B
(ii) AAS or ASA
AB = XY, LA = LX and 2B = 2Y
(iv) RHS
Only applicable for right-angled triangles.
BC = YZ, AB = XY and 2C= LZ= 90°
B
4. Properties of Similar Triangles
A l l corresponding angles are equal.
All corresponding sides are proportional in length.
EB
AD E B
Area of AAEBAE
Area of AADC AD
D
5.
5. Similarity Tests for Triangles
) AA
LA = LX and 2B = 2LY
X
B
A C
(ii) SSS z
(ii) SAS
AB and B =LY
A
WORKED EXAMPLE 1:
In the diagram, AX =
CX and BX =
DX. Show that AABX is
congruent to ACDX.
sOLUTION: (ven) is uhen
es*j0n
stakedae
vaes ar
tsef
AX = CX (Given) ide
BX= DX (Given)
ide
LAXB LCXD (vert.opp. Ls)ngle
AABX =
ACDX (SASRule)
WORKED EXAMPLE 2:
Given the AABC = APQR,
P
find the values of PR and
2QPR.
6 cm
B 8 cm R
sOLUTION:
Using Pythagoras' Theorem, Teacher's
AC = AB+ BC? Pythagoras' Theorem
Tip For a right-angled triangle ABC
6+83
100
AC AB + BC
where AC is the
AC= Vi00
hypotenuse.
10 cm The hypotenuse is the
AABC APQR (Given) longest side of the triangle.
PR AC Corresponding sides of
10 cm congruent triangles are equal.
LBAC +90°+37° 180° (Zsum of A)
LBAC = 180°-90°-37
= 53
LQPR= LBAC Corresponding angles of congruent triangles are equal.
53
WORKED EXAMPLE 3:
In the diagram, AD is parallel to BC. Given that
D
AD CB, AB =4 cm and 2BCD = 100°,
(a) prove that AABD is congruent to ACDB,
(b) find CD and 2BAD.
is
(temmen angla)
n side) »r
he exac samR
used uhen relerg t
sOLUTION: sde or aay cespectiey
100
(a) AD CB (Given) ide 4cm
LADB LCBD (alt. Zs, AD II BC) ngle
BD is the common side. ide
AABD = ACDB (SAS rule)
(b) Since AABD = ACDB,
CD AB Corresponding sides of congruent triangles are equal.
4 cm
LBAD= LDCB Corresponding angles of congruent triangles are equal.
= 100°
WORKED EXAMPLE 4:
In the quadrilateral ABCD, BE = CE and 2BAC= LBDC.
(a) Prove that AAEB is congruent to ADEC.
(b) Name a triangle that is congruent to AABC.
(c)
(C) Name a triangle that is congruent to AABD.
sOLUTION:
(a) In AAEB and ADEC,
LBAE= LCDE (Given) ngle
LAEB = LDEC (vert. opp. Ls) ngle
BE CE (Given) ide
AAEB =ADEC (AAS rule)
(b) ADCB
(c) ADCA
Onl or A m orth
7. Midpoint Theorem for Triangles
In AABC, if D and E are the midpoints of the sides AB and AC respectively, then
DE I BC and DE =
D E
B C
8. Tangent-chord Theorem (Alternate Segment Theorem)
The angle between a tangent and a chord meeting the tangent at the point of contact
is equal to the inscribed angle on the opposite side of the chord,
i.e. LBAE = LBCA and 2CAD = 4CBA.
Ck
B
D A- E
