Oral Communication Reviewer
A SPEECH ACT- an utterance that not only conveys info but also performs an action.
Types of Speech Acts
-Request: Asking someone to do something
-Warnings: Alerting someone to a potential danger
-Promises: Committing to a future action
-Apologies: Expressing regret for an action
LOCUTIONARY ACT- the most basic level of speech act (focuses on literal meaning)
Three Components of a Locutionary Act
•Phonic Act: The physical production of sounds. (e.g., Producing the sound of “It is cold in
here” using correct pronunciation.
•Phatic Act: The structure and organization of the words. This it the grammatical construct of
the sentence. (e.g., “It”, “is”, “cold”, “in”, and “here” in a correct syntactic order.
•Rhetic Act: The meaning of the utterance. (e.g., “It is cold in here” conveys the literal idea that
the temperature in a specific area is low.
Three Types of Speech Act
-According to J.L Austin (1962), a pilosopher of language and the developer of the Speech Act
Theory, there three types of acts
Locutionary Act - is the actual act of uttering (e.g., “Please do the dishes”)
Illocutionary Act- is the social function of what is said by uttering the locution “Please do
the dishes”. the speaker requests the addressee to wash the dishes
Perlocutionary Act- is the resulting act of what is said. ( “Please do the dishes” would
lead to the addressee washing the dishes.)
SEARLE’S CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH ACT
•Assertive- a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses belief about the truth
of a proposition. (e.g., No one makes better pancakes than i do.)
•Directive- a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker tries to make the addressee
perform an action (e.g., Please close the door)
•Commissive- a type of illocutionary act in which commits the speaker to doing something
in the future (e.g., From now on, I will participate in our group activity.)
•Expressive- a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses his/her feelings or
emotional reactions. (e.g., “I am so sorry for not helping out in our group activity and letting
you do all the work.”)
•Declaration- a type of illocutionary act which brings a chane in the external situation. (e.g.,
“You are Fired!”)
TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES
Speech Context
Speech Style Speech Act
Communicative Strategy
1) Nomination - Presenting a particular topic clearly, truthfully, and saying only what is
relevant (e.g., “I was late for class again!, the MRT stopped midway, What is wrong with the
MRT?”)
2) Restriction - Is a strategy that constrains or restrict the response of the other person
involved in the communication system. (e.g., “ Will you stop making that irritating noise! Or
would you like me to call the police?”
3) Turn-taking - Requires that each speaker speaks only when it is her/his turn during an
interaction.
Informal Approach- just jump in and start talking
Formal Approach- permission to speak is requested
4) Topic Control- a question-answer formula that moves the discussion forward
-allows the listener or the other participants to take turns, contribute ideas, and continue
the discussions.
5) Topic Shifting- a strategy that is used to introduce another topic.
-The strategy works best when there is a follow-through so that the new topic continues to
be discussed. r
6) Repair- strategy which can be applied when miscommunication occur.
-Includes requesting clarification, not acknowledging topic shifting not responding,
repeating, recasting, and adding.
Termination- refers to the convesation participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a
topic in a conversation.
INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET
Vowel- from latin localis (littera), from old french vouel, ‘vocal (letter)’
Vowel /i/ Vowel /ɛ/ Vowel /e/
-larvae -leisure -feather -per diem -anus -gauge
-piece -amoeba -lemon -endeavor -heinous -apex
-ego -quay -Gettysburg -leonard -fete -Alias
-key -parfait -Bombay
-elite -etude
Vowel /I/ Vowel /æ/ Vowel /a/
-ilium -monday -acid -Adam -orange -doll
-visit -history -plaid -statue -model -massage
-image -been -cat -botany -bottom
-carriage -hymn -fascism
-nemesis -family
Vowel /^/ Vowel /ə/ Vowel /ʒ/ Vowel /ʊ/
-dug -puppy -ago -baker -heard -occur -foot -would
-blood -cough -mansion -appear -circle -colonel -put -look
-touch -shut -measure -alone -confer -scourge -wolf -bush
-love -double -sugar -action -journal -sermon -cookie -good
-ulcer -promote -forger -worship -worthy -woman
Vowel /u/ Vowel /ɔ/ Vowel /o/ Vowel /ɑ/
-ooze -jewel -warsaw -claw -oath -yolk -art -almond
-siovx -shoes -ought -austere -ode -moses -sergeant -dark
-fruit -souvenir -aural -waltz -beau -donation -calm -scarf
-rude -prove -bald -auld -shoulder -notice -psalm -large
-two -oak
THE SPEECH WRITING PROCESS TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO
PURPOSE
conduct an audience analysis
Informative Speech- provides the audience
determine the purpose of the speech
selecting a topic with a clear understanding of the concept
narrowing down a topic or idea presented by the speaker
gathering data
Entertainment Speech- provides the
Editing and/or revising
audience with amusement
rehearsing
Selecting speech pattern Persuasive Speech- provides the audience
Preparing an outline with well-argued ideas that can influence
Creating the body of the speech
their own beliefs and decisions
Preparing the Introduction
Preparing the conclusion
TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO
DELIVERY
Extempraneous Speaking with limited Impromptu Speaking without advance
preparation preparation
Guided by notes outline Unrehearsed speech
Delivered conversationally Spoken Conversationally
Most popular type
Manuscript Delivery Memorized Speech
Speaking with advance preparation Speaking with advance preparation
Planned and rehearsed speech Planned and rehearsed speech
Reading aloud a written message Reciting an written message
word for word
GOD IS GOOD ! !
