North South University
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
LAB REPORT
Course Code : EEE 363L
Course Title : EEE 363:Electrical machines
Course Instructor : SRD1
Experiment Number: 04
Experiment Name :
Study of the Synchronization of alternator
Experiment Date : 24/11/22
Date of Submission: 01/12/22
Section : 02
Group :05
Submitted To: Md. Muhtasim Alam Chowdhury
• Md.Mehad Un Nabi(2022259643)-Writer
• Sharika Annan Raisa(2031488643)
• Tajnimul Hossain(2111932643)
• Kasro Miah(2022397643)
Name of the experiment:
Study of the Synchronization of alternator
Objectives:
• To learn how to synchronize an alternator to the electric power utility system.
• To observe the effects of improper phase Conditions upon the synchronizing
process.
Theory:
An alternator is a machine which converts mechanical power to electrical power in
the form of alternating current with a specific voltage and frequency.. Alternators
are also known as synchronous generators.
The frequency of our power system is so stable by the speed of the rotation of
existing alternators.
If another alternator is needed to connect to the power system, they both must
operate at exactly the same frequency as the large power system’s generating power
is so great that new alternator can change it. If a system’s frequency is 60 Hz , it
can not receive power form a alternator operating at 60.001 Hz. Those two must
work at 60 Hz. This way it can be kept at a constant frequency. If the both
frequency matches, then the meshing will be smooth. If not, there might be a
possible damage to the small alternator.
So at first, the alternator’s frequency must be equal to the main power supply. The
phase sequence must be same either. Then we try to mesh two gears together. The
voltage of the alternator should be equal to the supply voltage. If those things
perfectly match, we can say that the alternator is synchronized.
Equipment required:
1.Synchronous motor/generator module.
2. DC motor/generator module.
3. Ac ammeter/voltmeter module.
4. Synchronizing module
Circuit Diagram:
Fig: Connection
Procedure:
1. Connect all the equipments as shown in the diagram.
2. a. Couple the DC motor to the alternator with the timing belt.
b. Set the DC motor field rheostat at its full CW position (for minimum
resistance).
c. Place the synchronizing switch in its open position.
3. a. Turn On the power Supply and, using your hand tachometer, adjust the
power supply
output for a motor speed of approximately 1500 r/min.
b. Measure the power Company Supply voltage E2.
E2= 400V ac
c. Close the switch.
d. Adjust the DC excitation of the alternator until the alternator output
voltage E1 is equal to the power Company voltage E2
e. The three synchronizing lights should be flickering on and off.
4. a. Carefully adjust the DC motor speed until the beat frequency becomes
quite low.
b. Do all three lights become bright and then dark, at the same time?
Answer: No
c. If they do not all become dark and then bright simultaneously, the phase
sequence is wrong.
Turn off the power supply and interchange any two of the leads coming from
the stator.
d. Carefully adjust the motor speed until all three lights slowly darken and
then slowly brighten.
Your alternator frequency is very nearly equal to that of the power company.
e. When all of the lights are completely dark, the alternator and supply
Voltages are in phase.
f. When all of the lights are fully bright, the alternator and supply voltages
are 180° out of phase.
(This is the "tooth-to-tooth" condition, and the Synchronizing Switch should
never be closed
under these conditions).
g. Check to see that the two voltages E, and E are equal. If not, readjust the
DC excitation to the
alternator.
5. a. Close the synchronizing switch when all three lights are dark and note the
behavior of I1, at the moment of closure:
Answer: 0.1A
b. Close the synchronizing switch when all three lights are dim and note the
behavior of I1 , at the moment of closure.
Answer: 0.5A
Question & Answer:
1. What do you mean by Synchronization of alternators? Write down the
necessity of synchronization ?
Answer:
The procedure of connecting an aternator in parallel with another one is
called the synchronization of alternator.
Necessity of synchronization :
• If we do not synchronize, the alternator might be get damaged.
• We can not get power from the alternator if we don’t synchronize.
2. What conditions must be met to synchronize an alternator to an existing three
phase power line?
Answer:
• Phase sequence must be same
• Frequency must be same
• Terminal voltage must be same.
3. An alternator could be severely damaged mechanically in attempting to
synchronize it with the powerline. Under what two conditions could this
happen?
• If phase sequence does not match
• If frequency’s are different
4. An alternator generating a different value of voltage also may not be exactly
in phase with the power line, but one condition must be met in order for it to
deliver power. What is that condition?
Answer:
The phase angle of the alternator is greater than mine line.
Discussion:
We have seen the procedure of synchronization in this experiment. It is
important to sync alternator before connecting it to the main power supply
otherwise there can a loss. At first, we synced the frequency and phase
sequence. The terminal voltage must be same as well before connecting. We
have done it perfectly and as all the condition matched the new alternator was
successfully connected to the main line.
