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Core Mathematics (22152) Second Semester M2 | 10
1.3 Histogram
Objective:
Create and interpret data on a histogram.
Differences of Histogram and a Bar Graph
In histogram, the areas of the rectangles, and not the heights, are proportional to the
frequencies they represent.
There are no spaces between the rectangles in histogram, in contrast to a bar graph.
In bar graph the categories on the horizontal axis can be arranged in any order, while the
horizontal axis in a histogram is a number line where the values have to be
arranged in a certain order.
A. Histogram for Ungrouped Data
Steps:
a. Create a frequency table by showing the column for the data, tally and frequency.
b. Arrange the scores in order of magnitude, and keeping a tally through the list of scores.
c. From the tally, count the number of times each score appears which serves as a frequency.
1. The number of mistakes made by 30 students in an English class for a vocabulary test is given in the table.
3 4 6 0 2 2 4 3 5 3
4 2 2 3 1 5 3 0 4 5
4 3 4 0 3 2 6 3 1 0
a. Construct a frequency table for the data.
Solution:
a.
Number of mistakes
Frequency
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Core Mathematics (22152) Second Semester M2 | 11
b. Draw a histogram to illustrate the data.
c. Among these students, what is the most common number of mistakes made?
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d. Find the fraction of students who made at most 3 mistakes in the test.
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Core Mathematics (22152) Second Semester M2 | 12
2. The number of fire incidents that occurred in a city each day over a period of 60 days was recorded.
Number of fire incidents 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number of days 16 12 11 9 6 2 2 2
a. Draw a histogram to illustrate the data.
b. Find the ratio of the number of days which had no fire incidents to the number of days which had more
than 5 fire incidents
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c. Jordan says that most common number of fire incidents is 16. Do you agree with him? Explain your
answer.
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Core Mathematics (22152) Second Semester M2 | 13
B. Histogram for Grouped Data
Steps:
a. Group the data on the class intervals and set up a frequency table.
b. Draw a histogram with the frequency as the vertical axis and the lengths of the leaves as the
horizontal axis.
1. The table shows the average amount, $x, Singaporeans spend on taxi fares in a week. The amounts are
given to the nearest dollar.
19 56 67 25 60 99 108 100 24 11
15 88 68 120 97 42 94 82 27 58
28 74 79 36 77 65 28 45 40 52
95 53 63 38 44 80 101 108 30 38
a. Using the class intervals 0 x 20 , 20 x 40 and so on, construct a frequency table for the data.
Average amount ($x) Tally Frequency
Total frequency
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Core Mathematics (22152) Second Semester M2 | 14
b. Draw a histogram to illustrate the data.
2. The histogram shows the number of hours spent on revising Mathematics by all the Junior students in a
school during the week before the common test.
60
50
40
Frequency
30
20
10
0
2 4 6 8 10
Time (x hours)
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Core Mathematics (22152) Second Semester M2 | 15
a. Using the class intervals 0 x 2 , 2 x 4 and so on, construct a frequency table for the data.
Number of hour (x hours) Frequency
Total frequency
b. State the number of students who spent more than or equal to 4, but less than 6 hours, on revising
Mathematics in that week.
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c. Find the total number of Junior students in the school.
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d. Find the percentage of students who spent less than 6 hours on revising Mathematics for the
common test.
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Core Mathematics (22152) Second Semester M2 | 16
3. The marks obtained in a Mathematics quiz by 36 students in a class were recorded. The total score of the
quiz is 10.
Marks obtained 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of students 0 0 1 a b x-1 x x +3 x+5 c 4
Additional information is given as follows:
25% of the students in the class scored at least 9 marks.
If a student is selected at random, the probability that the student obtained more than 4 marks but not more
than 9 marks is 2 .
3
The average marks obtained by the students who scored more than or equal to 4 marks but less than or
equal to 6 marks is 4.8.
Use the above information to draw a histogram to represent the data.
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