“Empowerment through quality technical education”
AJEENKYA DY PATIL SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Ajeenkya D. Y. Patil Knowledge City, Charholi Bk., Via. Lohegaon, Pune – 412 105.
Department of E&TC Engineering
EXPERIMENT NO. 8
AIM: To measure wavelength of the microwave using microwave test bench and verify with its
theoretical calculations.
PREREQUISITES: Actual working of the microwave components in detail
EQUIPMENTS : Klystron power supply, Klystron tube, Klystron mount, Isolator, Frequency
meter, Detector mount, Waveguide stands, CRO,variable attenuator, Slotted section
waveguide, Tunable probe, VSWR meter, Waveguide stand, Movable short/matched
termination.
THEORY:
Microwaves are a part of the electromagnetic spectrum situated between radio frequencies and
infrared light. For all frequencies freely propagating waves are also used, especially for
communication. Another technology specific to microwaves consists of waveguides.
The microwave signal propagates in waveguides in the form of modes. Waveguides can support
many modes of transmission. The usual mode of transmission in rectangular waveguides is called
TE10 .The upper cutoff wavelength (lower cutoff frequency) for this mode is very simple.
λ Uppercutoff = 2 a (a = diamension of braod wall in cm) f
lower cutoff = C / 2 a (G Hz) (c = speed of light )
Guide wavelength:
It is defined as the distance between two equal phases along the waveguide. The guide wavelength
is a function of operating wavelength (or frequency) and lower cutoff wavelength, and is always
longer than the wavelength would be in free space. Here is the equation of guide wavelength,
λguide = λfrequency / 0.5 [ 1- (C/2af)2).
BLOCKDIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE:
1. Setup the equipment as indicated in diagram.
2. Keep the control knob of klystron power supply as mentioned below,
i) Mode Switch : AM
ii) Beam voltage knob : Fully anticlockwise
iii) Repeller voltage knob : Fully clockwise
3. Keep the control knob of klystron power supply as mentioned below,
i) Meter switch : Normal
ii) Gain (course & fine): Mid position.
4. Switch on the klystron power supply, cooling fan and VSWR meter /CRO.
5. Adjust the Beam voltage to 275 V. by rotating the beam voltage/beam current/repeller
voltage knob.
6. Verify the Beam current is increased upto 20mA by keeping corresponding knob in
beam current position (It increase slowly to maximum value).
7. Adjust the repeller switch to get some deflection in VSWR meter.
8. Move the slotted carriage in steps. Note down the VSWR meter reading / P-P output
of square wave on CRO.
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATION:
Beam voltage =
Beam current=
CONCLUSION:
