Calculation Skill
QUANTITATIVE APTTITUDE
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Calculation Skill
Multiplications Rules
Multiplying a number By 5
Even numbers: “Divide the given number by 2 and just place 0 at the extreme
right side of that number”
Let’s understand more clearly with an example.
Example: Multiply 1254784 by 5?
1254784 x 5 =?
• Divide the number by 2 i.e. 1254784/2 = 627392
• Now, put 0 at the extreme right side of the number i.e. 6273920
The answer will be 1254784 x 5 = 6273920
Odd numbers: “Subtract 1 from that number and then divide the number by 2
and just place 5 at the extreme right side of that number”
Let’s understand more clearly with an example.
Example: Multiply 1254783 by 5?
• Subtract 1 from the number i.e. 1254783 – 1 = 1254782
• Divide the number by 2 i.e. 1254782/2 = 627391
• Now, put 5 at the extreme right side of the number i.e. 6273915
The answer will be 1254783 x 5 = 6273915
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Multiplication of Any 2-digit Numbers from 11 to 19
Following are the steps to be followed:
• Add the unit digit of the smaller number to the larger number.
• Then, multiply the result by 10.
• Now, multiply the unit digits of both the 2-digit numbers.
• Then add both the numbers.
Let’s understand more clearly with an example.
Example: Multiply 17 by 14?
Following the above rules.
• 17 + 4 =21
• 21 x 10 = 210
• 7 x 4 = 28
• Add the step(2) & step(3) i.e. 210 + 28
• Required answer = 238
Multiplication of two digit numbers with unit digit as 5
1. If the difference between the two numbers is 10.
Following steps need to be followed:
• Write 75 at the end.
• Add 1 to ten’s place of the bigger number.
• Now multiply the increased digit with the ten’s digit of the smaller number.
• Write the product so obtained on the left side of 75
Let’s understand more clearly with an example.
Example: Multiply 35 by 25?
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• 35 × 25 = __75(Fix 75 in last)
• Now, increase 3 by 1 it will become 4
• Now multiply 4 by 2 hence we get 8
• Now simply write 8 to the left of 75 i.e. 875
So, 35 x 25 = 875
2. If the difference between the two numbers is 20.
Following steps need to be followed:
• Write 125 at the end.
• Add 1 to ten’s place of the bigger number.
• Now multiply the increased digit with the ten’s digit of the smaller number.
• Write the product so obtained on the left side of 125
Let’s understand more clearly with an example.
Example: Multiply 35 by 55?
• 35 × 55 = __125(Fix 125 in last)
• Now, increase 5 by 1 it will become 6
• Now multiply 6 by 3 hence we get 18
• Now transfer 1 of 125 to 18 it will becomes 19
• Now simply write 19 to the left of 25 i.e 1925
• So, 35 x 55 = 1925
So, 35 x 55 = 1925
Multiplying two digits numbers ending in 1
Following steps need to be followed:
• Multiply the left most digits of both the numbers.
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• Add the left most digits of both the numbers.
• Put the result from Step(2) next to the result of Step(1)
• Put 1 next to the result of Step(3)
Let’s understand more clearly with an example.
Example: Multiply 31 by 51?
• Multiply the left most digits i.e. 5 x 3 = 15
• Add the left most digits i.e. 5 + 3 = 8
• Put the result from Step(2) next to the result of Step(1) i.e. 158
• Put 1 next to the result of Step(3) i.e. 1581
Multiplying two digits number by 11
Following steps need to be followed:
• Add both the digits of the two digit number:
• Now put the result in between both digits.
Let’s understand more clearly with an example.
Example: Multiply 25 by 11?
• Add both the digits of the two digit numbers i.e. 2 + 5 = 7
• Now put the result in between both digits. i.e. 257
So, the result of 25 x 11 = 275
Multiplying a number by 9, 99, 999 ……
Case 1: Number of Digits < Number of Nines
Following steps need to be followed:
• Place 0 on the extreme left side of the number to make the digits equal to 9’s
in the expression.
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• Subtract 1 from the given number.
• Now subtract each digit from 9.
• Now combine the numbers obtained from step(2) & step(3)
Let’s understand more clearly with an example.
Example: Multiply 17 by 999?
• Place 0 on the extreme left side of the number to make the digits equal to 9’s in the
expression. i.e. 017
• Subtract 1 from the given number. i.e. 016
• Now subtract each digit from 9 to get the answer i.e. (999 – 016) = 983
• Now combine them i.e. 16983
17 x 999 = 16983
Case 2: When number of Digits = Number of Nine’s
Following steps need to be followed:
• Subtract 1 from the given number.
• Now subtract each digit from 9.
• Now combine the numbers obtained from step(2) & step(3)
Let’s understand more clearly with an example.
Example: Multiply 17 by 99?
• Subtract 1 from the given number. i.e. 16
• Now subtract each digit from 9 to get the answer. i.e. (99 – 16) = 83
• Now combine them i.e. 1683
17 x 99 = 1683
Multiplication of a number with 25
Following steps need to be followed:
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• Divide the given number by 4.
• Now multiply the obtained result by 100
Let’s understand more clearly with an example.
Example: Multiply 96 by 25?
• Divide the given number by 4 i.e. 96/4 = 24
• Now multiply the obtained result by 100 i.e. 24 x 100 = 2400
So, 96 x 25 = 2400
Multiplication of a number with 125
Following steps need to be followed:
• Divide the given number by 8.
• Now multiply the obtained result by 1000
Let’s understand more clearly with an example.
Example: Multiply 96 by 125?
• Divide the given number by 8 i.e. 96/8 = 12
• Now multiply the obtained result by 1000 i.e. 12 x 1000 = 12000
So, 96 x 125 = 12000
Multiplication of a two consecutive numbers
Following steps need to be followed:
• Find the square of the smaller number.
• Now add the square obtained in a smaller number itself.
• After addition the result so obtained is the product of two consecutive
numbers.
Let’s understand more clearly with an example.
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Example: Multiply 12 by 13?
Following steps need to be followed:
• Find the square of the smaller number. i.e. 12 x 12 = 144
• Now add the square obtained in a smaller number itself. i.e. 144 + 12 = 156
• After addition the result so obtained is the product of two consecutive numbers.
12 x 13 = 156
Squares & Cubes of a number
Squares
Number Squares
1 1
2 4
3 9
4 16
5 25
6 36
7 49
8 64
9 81
10 100
11 121
12 144 and so on ….
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From the above table we can observe that “All the perfect squares never have 2, 3, 7
& 8 at their unit digit.”
Finding out the square of a given number:
Example 1:
Find out the square of 51.
Solution:
Step - 1
Write down the squares of each of the digits in two digit format i.e. 52 = 25 and 12 = 01
The number obtained after this step is 2501.
Step – 2
Multiply the digits with each other and also with the power 2 i.e. 5 × 1 × 2 = 10
Step – 3
Add the number obtained in step - 2 with the number obtained in step – 3 keeping the
unit place empty i.e.
2501
_10_
2601
This is our final answer.
Let us look into another example.
Example 2:
Find out the square of 68.
Solution:
Step - 1
Write down the squares of each of the digits in two digit format i.e. 62 = 36 and 82 = 64
The number obtained after this step is 3664.
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Step – 2
Multiply the digits with each other and also with the power 2 i.e. 6 × 8 × 2 = 96
Step – 3
Add the number obtained in step - 2 with the number obtained in step – 3 keeping the
unit place empty i.e.
3664
_96_
4624
This is our final answer.
The same technique can be followed for three digit numbers as well.
Let’s have a look.
Example 3:
Find out the square of 124.
Solution:
Step – 1
Break down the number in such a way that the unit digit is separate and tens and
hundreds digit is together i.e. 12 and 4.
Write down the squares of each of the parts in two digit format i.e. 122 = 144 and 42 = 16
The number obtained after this step is 14416.
Step – 2
Multiply the digits with each other and also with the power 2 i.e. 12 × 4 × 2 = 96
Step – 3
Add the number obtained in step - 2 with the number obtained in step – 3 keeping the
unit place empty i.e.
14416
__96_
15376
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This is our final answer.
Square of a number ending with 5
Following steps need to be followed:
• Write the square of 5 i.e. 25 at the extreme right end.
• Now multiply the digit at tens place to it next term.
• Now write the result to the left side of the result obtained in step(1)
Let’s understand more clearly with an example.
Example 1: Find the square of 35?
Following steps need to be followed:
• Write the square of 5 i.e. 25 at the extreme right end.
• Now multiply the digit at tens place to it next term. i.e. (3 x 4) = 12
• Now write the result to the left side of the result obtained in step (1) i.e. 1225
35² = 1225
Cubes
Number Cubes
1 1
2 8
3 27
4 64
5 125
6 216
7 343
8 512
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Number Cubes
9 729
10 1000
11 1331
12 1728 and so on ….
Let’s understand the rule with an example. Suppose we have to find the cube of 61
Following steps need to be followed:
• Write the cube of 6 & 1 in three digit form i.e. (216001)
• Now multiply all the digits within themselves i.e. (6 x 1) = 6
• Now multiply the result obtained from step (2) by 3. i.e. 6 x 3 = 18
• Now multiply 18 and 61 i.e. 18 x 61 = 1098
• Now keep the unit digit vacant and add 216001 & 1098 i.e. 216001 + 1098_ =
226981
The cube of 61 = 226981
Let’s take another example:
Find the cube of 26?
Following steps need to be followed:
• Write the cube of 2 & 6 in three digit form i.e. (008216)
• Now multiply all the digits within themselves i.e. (6 x 2) = 12
• Now multiply the result obtained from step (2) by 3. i.e. 12 x 3 = 36
• Now multiply 36 and 26 i.e. 36 x 26 = 936
• Now keep the unit digit vacant and add 008216 & 936 i.e. 008216 + 936_ =
017576
The cube of 26 = 017576
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Square & Cube Roots
Trick to find Square root of a number.
What is Square Root?
“The square root of a number is the value which when multiplied to itself gives the
original number. Let’s say when 15 is multiplied by 15 results in 225. Hence 15 is the
square root value of 225. Let’s have a look at some numbers and their squares.”
Let’s make a chart:
Unit Digit
12 = 1 1 92 = 81
22 = 4 4 82 = 64
32 = 9 9 72 = 49
42 = 16 6 62 = 36
52 = 25 => 5
From the chart, it is very evident that we can try finding out the square roots by looking
at the unit digit of the given number.
For a better understanding of the rules, let's take a squared number.
Find the square root of 1521?
Following steps need to be followed:
• The unit digit in this number is 1, which can be a unit digit of its square root
number such as 1 or 9. Because 1 x 1 is 1 and 9 x 9 is 81.
• Now let us consider the first two digits that is 15 which comes between the
squares of 3 and 4 because 9 < 15 < 16
• We can assume that the ten’s digit of the square root of 1521 is the lowest
among the two numbers i.e. 3
• Now, we need to find among 31 and 39 which is the square root of 1521.
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• Since the ten’s digit is 3 and the next number is 4, we need to multiply both
the numbers like 3 x 4 = 12 and since 12 is less than 15.
• Square root of 1521 will be the bigger number among 31 and 39 i.e. 39.
• Therefore, √1521 = 39
Let’s understand more clearly with another example.
Find the square root of 16129?
Following steps need to be followed:
• The unit digit in this number is 9, which can be a unit digit of its square root number
such as 3 or 7. Because 3 x 3 is 9 and 7 x 7 is 49.
• Now let us consider the first three digits that is 161 which comes between the
squares of 12 and 13 because 144 < 161 < 169
• We can assume that the ten’s digit of the square root of 16129 is the lowest among
the two numbers i.e. 12
• Now, we need to find among 123 and 127 which is the square root of 16129.
• Since the ten’s digit is 12 and the next number is 13, we need to multiply both the
numbers like 13 x 12 = 156 and since 156 is less than 161.
• Square root of 16129 will be the bigger number among 123 and 127 i.e. 127.
• Therefore, √16129 = 127
Trick to find Cube Root of a Number
What is Cube Root?
“The cube root of a number is the value which when multiplied to itself twice gives the
original number. Let’s say when 15 is multiplied by 15 twice results in 3375. Hence 15
is the cube root value of 3375. Let’s have a look at some numbers and their cubes.”
Let’s make a chart:
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Cubes Unit Digit Remarks
13 = 1 1 Unit digit is the same as the number itself.
23 = 8 8 Unit digit is swapped with 8.
33 = 27 7 Unit digit is swapped with 7.
43 = 64 4 Unit digit is the same as the number itself.
53 = 125 5 Unit digit is the same as the number itself.
63 = 216 6 Unit digit is the same as the number itself.
73 = 343 7 Unit digit is swapped with 3.
83 = 512 2 Unit digit is swapped with 2.
93 = 729 9 Unit digit is the same as the number itself.
Follow the above table to get a better understanding of the unit digit of different
cube numbers as this will be the most important factor while finding out the
cube root.
For a better understanding of the rules, let's take a cubic number.
Find the cube root of 6859?
Following steps need to be followed:
• First, we will take the digit at the unit’s place.
• At the unit place, we have 9.
• Now consider the cube table, the cube of which number has 9 as at the unit
digit place.
• We see, 9 x 9 x 9 = 729.
• That means the cube root of 6859 will have 9 at the unit place.
• Now ignore the last 3 digits of 6859, i.e. 859
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• Taking 6 as a reference number, we can see from the cubes table 6 lies
between cubes of 1 and 2.
Here, we choose the lower number.
Therefore, we get the two-digit of the answer.
Hence, cube root of 6859 = 19
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