UNIT 01: HOPES

AND DREAMS!
LESSON 01: RECOMMENDATIONS

Before starting this workbook, think about the video lessons you’ve
just seen and think about the following:

What have you

learned about
recommendations?

Take notes and, while going through this material, write down all
you’ve attained about the topic!

Travelling is probably one of the greatest pleasures human beings

have! We want to tell our friends and family, talk about experiences,
share special moments, and even give recommendations and
suggestions.

Take a look at some words that can help you:

1. Arrival: the action of arriving (as a verb (arrive) it can be used to talk
about planes arriving at a certain destination - The plane arrives in
BUffalo at 7pm.)

E.g.: “The struggle with the hotel room is making yourself

comfortable knowing you will ever leave both at the end of your stay
and immediately upon arrival.” - Idea Channel

Reminder: the word “upon” often comes before the word “arrival”,
indicating that something happens at the same moment as the
arrival of something else.

2. Luggage: it’s the same things as “bags” - where you put your
belongings when traveling. The word “bags” is commonly used in
more informal situations and daily conversations.
Reminder: the word “luggage” is an uncountable noun! Which
means it has no -s in the end when in the plural form. The word as a
whole refers to all of your bags already. It’s great, it’s a 2-in-1 word!

E.g.: At the airport, I had to check in my luggage at the desk and at

the hotel I also had to check in and receive my keys.

Luggage - 2 bags
included here!

3. Take off: to leave the ground and begin to fly (an aircraft, bird,
plane etc) / Or to say that someone left (usually when the person
hasn’t told anyone they’re leaving or where they’re going).

E.g.: Hurry up! The plane takes off in 30 minutes.

“I don’t know, Tony. He just took off.” - in Scarface, by Brian de Palma

Notice that the verb is conjugated in the 3rd person singular because
we are talking about a “plane” = it.

4. Land: to arrive on the ground or other surfaces after coming down

from the air.

E.g.: As soon as the plane lands, I turn on my cell phone.

5. Sightseeing: the action/activity of visiting touristic places.

E.g: “Berlin’s history of battling ideologies makes room for some of the
most fascinating sightseeing in Europe. And visitors can marvel at
the vast historical, architectural and natural sights.

Places of interest, especially for

visitors and tourists

Here are some essential phrases to use when traveling abroad:

● Where is my gate? - at the airport

● How much does/do ______ cost?
● I am traveling for _________ (reason: work, leisure etc) - going
through customs
● What floor is my room on? / What floor am I on? - at the hotel

Now that you know some useful information about traveling, the next
topic is how to make recommendations! Not only about traveling,
you can always adapt and change according to the situation.

Take a look at some options:

1. You should… - this sounds more like a piece of advice! It’s extremely
friendly and polite.

E.g.: You should try this new restaurant near Colosseum. The food is
to die for!

when something is excellent.

2. You have to/You have got to… - it has the same idea as “you need
to”, it sounds like a stronger recommendation. It’s still very polite.

E.g.: You’ve never been to the Central Park? You live right next to it.
OMG, we have to go there sometime!
3. Make sure you… - it means to take the necessary action in order to
be sure. But when it comes to recommendation, it can be used as
“don’t forget to…”.

E.g.: Make sure you have all the necessary items before going to the
airport.

This structure is widely used on YouTube videos, as in: “Make sure you
hit that subscribe button.”

4. Don’t miss… - used when you want to tell the person not to let an
opportunity pass them by (happen without being noticed or
experienced).

E.g.: Subscribe now so you don’t miss out on a single story.

To listen to: I Don’t Wanna Miss a Thing - Aerosmith.

5. I highly recommend (it) - literally as it says, you’re not only

recommending, you’re strongly, highly recommending.

E.g.: “Hopefully, you learned a little bit about this beautiful country,
and I highly recommend visiting it sometime if you ever get the
chance.”

notice that the verb that comes after the

expression is in the gerund (ing)

6. I (really) think you would like….

E.g.: I really think you would like this park. There are some great
spots for picnics there!

7. I recommend / I suggest…

E.g.: I recommend / suggest arriving early. It’s always crowded.

notice that the verb that comes after

the expression is in the gerund
8. You might (not) want to… - this one is also great when you wish to
be softer with your recommendation.

Imagine a colleague is going to travel to a destination where you’ve

been before, and they tell you their going to stay at Hotel X, the same
you stayed. The only thing is that you didn’t have the best experience.
Instead of saying “You shouldn’t stay there.” (which can come off too
strong), try using this new expression:

E.g.: Oh, you might not want to stay there, I had a bad experience.
But I can help you look for another accommodation if you’d like.

adding this negative particle, the whole

idea changes, which is great so that you
can adapt accordingly.

Moving a little bit to other side of the coin, it’s extremely important
that you know how to ask for recommendations as well, not only
when talking about traveling. In that case, here is a great suggestion
that can be adapted and used in almost every situation.

➔ What/Where/Why should I...?

This is a great way to ask for a recommendation, because you’re
asking for the person’s experience, you’re asking for a piece of advice.
The most used sentence using this structure, in a general way, is
“What should I do?”.

E.g.: “If I had 24 hours to spend anywhere in Australia, where should I

go and what should I do? [...] Who’s an Australian everyone should
know about?” - 73 questions with Margot Robbie, by Vogue.

Since the topic was travelling recommendation, here are some

recommendations that can help you when planning a trip!

The first things is: plan ahead! Buy tickets to exhibitions and
museums beforehand, so that you don’t have to worry about high
prices arriving at your destination.
Second, have a packing list / checklist of everything you need to take
and know about the place. Have one for each section, for instance:

BASICS: TOILETRIES

Masks Toothbrush and toothpaste

I.D. Moisturizer
Phone charger Hand sanitizer
Wallet Micellar Water
Earbuds Deodorant

And so on!

Make sure you have all the necessary contact information: hotel
address, boarding ticket, etc. Besides, making a schedule for all the
attractions you wish to visit is an amazing idea.

One last piece of advice would probably be to try to have all of this in
one single place or document, whether it’s printed or not. If you
choose to print it out, make sure you put everything together in a
folder or case of some sort. On the other hand, if you want to make
things more practical, there are many trip planners online, here are
some of them:

● Notion
● Inspirock
● TripAdvisor
● Wanderlog - especially useful for road trips!

In all of these, you can make your itinerary and just wait to enjoy your
trip when the time comes!

Movie recommendations about traveling and trips:

➔ Into the Wild, by Sean Penn

➔ Eat Pray Love, by Ryan Murphy
➔ Midnight in Paris, by Woody Allen
 LESSON 01: EXPERIENCES

Talking about experiences is one of the most common ways speakers

have the chance to share who they really are. In English, there’s even
an expression that goes like this: “I speak from experience.”, which
literally means to speak or share your opinion about/on something
from previous life experiences or contact. It’s the same as: “I know
what I’m talking about, trust me.”

So mastering this topic in English is essential if your wish is to sound

natural when speaking. That’s why, the next topic is how to use the
“Present Perfect” to do so. Even though it’s important to be aware and
know the name of the grammar topic you learn, don’t feel the need to
know by heart exactly what they mean, this is your teacher’s job. The
only thing you need to worry about is knowing how to put that to
use!

Before getting into examples and further explanations, it’s important

the highlight the need for the verb in the past participle (3rd column)
when using this structure.

Subject + have/has + past participle + complement

Important: the Present Perfect tense can be used in multiple

situations, however, as mentioned above, the focus is tying this idea
with traveling experiences. Just for the record, here are the situations
in which you’ll commonly see this tense being used:

● action that started in the past and continues to the present

● a singles action in the past in which time is unknown or
unimportant
● life experiences! The focus here is on the action itself, not the
time (time can be mentioned, but in a different way) *
● action that happened in the past and its effects can still be felt in
the present
Attention: Attached to the video lessons on CLASS, on Unit 01 -
Lesson 01: Traveling, you’ll find the following activity: “List of common
verbs”. There, you’ll have access to 50 verbs that are considered to be
the most common ones in the English language, and that are
frequently used on a daily basis. On the third column of the table,
you’ll see the verbs conjugated in the past participle, which is the
correct conjugation of the verbs used in the Present Perfect Tense!
Check it out and keep it close to your heart for practice.

After getting acquainted with the past participle, here is the structure
of the affirmative form:

I
You
We have verb past participle compl.
They

He
She has verb past participle compl.
It

Now check out some examples:

● I have been to Montevideo three times in the last 10 years.

auxiliary verb - it helps the main verb (be, in this sentence) in order to
build the idea

● She has gone hiking with her family before.

remember to use “has” when referring to he, she and it!

 ● Phillipa has accepted a job in Hong Kong last year.
● My cousin has already learned 3 foreign languages! How cool is
that?
this word is used to say that something has been
completed before the present time or earlier than
expected, and it’s almost every time used with this
verb tense!

All of the examples above are talking about experiences in a way.

However, one of the most common uses, if not the most common, of
this verb tense is when referring to an action that happened in the
past but the time isn’t relevante ou unimportant. If you see time
expressions, such as yesterday, a week ago, last night etc, it’s best to
use the Simple Past.

● People have (already) traveled to the Moon. - in a way, this is an

experience. But using the Present Perfect we stress the action
itself, not the time in which it happened.
● I’m sorry, you shouldn’t be here. There has been an accident.

the present perfect form of the

“there to be” structure, used to
say that something existed or
took place

● My parents have worked together for a long time in London.

● We have studied in Worcester during High School.
● They have performed in many theaters across the world.
● I’ve traveled to Greece.

it’s much more common to hear people use the contracted form of
the auxiliary verb “have” - ‘ve - I’ve, You’ve, They’ve and We’ve

● Molly’s eaten gelato in Rome. She told me it’s the best of the
best!
the same happens with “has” - ‘s - She’s, He’s and It’s. In this
examples, the contraction is with a proper name instead of a
pronouns, which is also acceptable

● “For as long as I can remember, it’s been December” - Worry

About You, 2AM Club.
Now here is the structure of the negative form:

I
You
have not past participle compl.
We
(haven’t)
They

He
has not
She past participle compl.
(hasn’t)
It

The negative form is used to talk about experiences that haven’t

happened in your lifetime or in a certain period of time. Check out
some examples:

● I haven’t graduate from college yet.

● She hasn’t gone fishing in over a year.
● Monty has lived with his parents in Paris since he was 15.
● I miss my dad so bad! He’s been away for work for 2 straight
months now.
● You have never been to São Paulo, how do you know all of this
about the city?
instead of using the particle not, it’s also possible, and
extremely common, to hear people say never, which
emphasizes even more the fact that the action has not
been completed

● They haven’t finished planning their itinerary yet. - here, it

wouldn’t be possible to use “never” to replace “not”, due to the
fact that the time frame is not “in my lifetime”, but in a
predetermined one, even though it’s not explicitly mentioned.
● We have never been so humiliated before. Everybody laughed
at us.
in their entire lives = lifetime

● Never have I ever cheated on a test!

Never have I ever is a drinking game often played by teens in which
they take turns asking each other about what they have or haven’t
done in their life.

* As you probably noticed, some words were underlined in the

previous examples: yet, since and for.

1. YET: used to refer to an action that hasn’t been done, but it’s
expected to be finished by a determined time in the future - used in
negative sentences and negative interrogatives.

E.g.: The last chapter of your life has not been written yet. (it hasn’t
been written until the present time, but it is expected to be written at
some point in the future.)

Hasn’t he told you yet? We’re moving to Mexico, dear!

But if we put this same question in an “affirmative” interrogative, the

meaning of “yet” changes:

Has he told you yet? We’re moving to Mexico, dear! - it sounds like a
surprise, maybe something happened sooner than expected.

2. SINCE: used when we want to give a specific date or year from

which something has been happening. Concrete time. (year)

E.g.: “According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, since 2010,

there have been thousands of journalists who have been threatened,
injured, killed, detained.” - Kimberley Motley.

3. FOR: used with the same meaning and intention as “since”, but the
time frame given is broader. Instead of a concrete moment, it’s used
for “periods of time”. (period of time)

E.g.: We have been here for 2 months.

I’ve been married for 10 years.

Moving on to the last section of this tense, there is the interrogative
form, that is, how to ask questions, take a look:

I
You
Have We (ever) past participle compl.
They

He
Has (ever) past participle compl.
She
It

Just like all interrogative structures in English, we invert/switch the

pronoun and the auxiliary verb, putting the auxiliary verb in the
beginning. The interrogative structure in this tense is mainly used to
ask people about experiences they might have had. The use of “ever”<
similarly to the use of “never” in the negative form, make the question
more emphatic, conveying the message that the time frame the
person is asking about is “in their lifetime”. Check out some examples:

● Have you ever been/gone to North Carolina? I love it there!

● What about Sylvie? Has she ever eaten escargot?
● How long have you studied English before living abroad?

“What duration?” - possible answer: “For ______ years/months.”

● What is the best and worst restaurant you’ve ever been to?

Possible answers with “yes or no” questions:

➔ Have you ever flown a kite? - Yes, I have (or simply “Yes” when
speaking - not a rule) / No, I haven’t. (or simply “No” when
speaking).
➔ Has you mom ever cooked croque monsieur? - Yes, she has. / No,
she hasn’t.
Just to recap:

For I, You, We and They, we say: Yes, ______ have. / No, ______ haven’t.
For He, She and It, we say: Yes, ______ has. / No, ______ hasn’t.

For open-ended questions, that is, questions that cannot be

answered only with Yes or No, the answer structure changes a bit. In
most cases, when we talk about open-ended questions, we use WH
words, such as Where, Why, What, and How. Take a look:

“Where have you been all my life?” - Where Have You Been, by
Rihanna. A possible answer to this would be: I’ve been here. / I’ve
been _______ (location).

Why have you decided to go to Bristol? - Because I’ve always wanted

to go there for the holidays.

How long have you worked in Australia? - For quite a long time, 10
years I guess.

What have you done!? - I haven’t done anything!

How many times /often have you tried to buy the ticket? - I’ve tried
several times.

Other time expressions used with the Present Perfect Tense:

● Already: used in affirmative sentences to indicate that

something has happened, usually before the time expected. In
interrogatives, it’s used to express an idea that something is
expected to be done by some time in the future.

E.g.: Have you already watched Baywatch? It’s hilarious.

 ● Once/Twice/Several times/Many times: used to say that
something happened one time or repeatedly in the past until
today.

E..g: We have stayed at my cousin’s house many times. In fact, we

stay there every time we go to Lyon.

Now, let’s take a look at some examples taken from songs, movies
and TV shows:

➔ “I’ve made changes for you Shrek. Think about that.” - Shrek 2.
➔ “Have you ever imagined a future with me?” - Fatal (Elegy)
➔ “Have you ever been in love?” - Once Upon A Time
➔ Have You Ever Seen The Rain? - Rod Stewart.

Don’t forget to take a look at the table of verbs on CLASS!

LESSON 02: WISHES AND AMBITIONS

Ambitions make you move forward and achieve your dreams and
goals. But how can you talk about this in English? There are many
different ways. In this section of our workbook, you’ll take a closer look
at some key words and phrases that will help you dot the i’s and
cross the t’s when it comes to wishes and ambitions.

Here are some extremely useful and important phrases you will most
likely come across when talking about this:

● Set a goal: setting a goal is when you decide what result you
want to achieve, and what are the tools you need to make it
come true.

E.g.: “I set high goals and I'm told that I'm persistent.” - in
Nightcrawler, by Dan Gilroy.

● Achieve a goal: to achieve something means to succeed in doing

something.

E.g.: “It’s necessary in social situations where we might need to

cooperate with someone else to achieve a goal.” - Could you win the
Game of Thrones?

● Challenging: demanding; difficult in a way that tests your

abilities.

E.g: “Well, I take it from your tone that you’re challenging me.” - in
Her, by Spike Jonze.
verb
When things become challenging, your one job is to find a way to
figure it out.
 ● Long-term: something that continues for a long time into the
future.

E.g.: “We don’t know what the long-term effects are. It’s
irresponsible.”, in Dallas Buyers Club, Jean-Marc Vallée

● Short-term: the opposite of long-term; something that lasts for a

short period of time.

E.g.: The hippocampus is responsible for consolidating your memory,

short-term, long-term and spatial memory.

When we talk about wishes and ambitions there are some phrases
that easily pop into our heads: “I wish…”, “I want…”, “I hope…”, right?
These are precisely what will be addressed in the following pages.

WISH

Generally speaking, “wish” is used when we want to express that we

wanted something to be different or that they are not likely to
happen (not so concrete).
Here is the structure:
When using
wish + verb to
be, we always
use were.

Subject wish simple past compl.

Examples:

● “So, although I wish I were here with better news , the fact is that
you and I are sitting here today because this will your last week
of employment at this company.”- in Up In The Air, Jason
Reitman (he would like to have better new, but he doesn’t.)
 ● I’m so sorry. I wish I could help you. (they wanted to help, but
they can’t.)

● “She said she wishes she could be here herself, but she wanted
me to tell you how sorry we are.” (she would like to be there, but
she can’t) - in An Uncommon Grace, by David Mackay.

● My wish for you is that you fall in love with possibility, and you
marvel at what it will create in your life and in this world. (used
here as a noun)

● I wish I could take it back. I didn’t mean to offend you.

● Oh, I wish Bea weren’t leaving tomorrow. I’m gonna miss her so
badly.

● I wish you didn’t tell them.

● “We wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year”

Songs with wish: if you want to practice and gain more vocabulary,
choose a song of your liking, listen to it without the reading the lyrics
and then listen to it again with subtitles! Take notes on what you’ve
learned!

➔ Wish You Were Here, by Pink Floyd

➔ wish you were gay, by Billie Eilish
➔ Careful What You Wish For, by Eminem

HOPE

Another key expression used when our goal is to talk about ambitions
and desires is hope. Unlike “wish”, “hope” can be used in the present
and future forms (past too, but not that commonly). In the present,
it’s used to say that we are “rooting for” something to happen, and in
the future, to say that we believe that there’s a chance of something
taking place.
When referring to the present, these are the common structures:

Subject hope simple present compl.

I hope (that) the exam is not so hard.

Subject hope to be verb +ing

We hope you’re having a great time! Let us know if you need anything.

Examples:

● I hope I don’t sound too desperate, but I really need your help.

● I hope you don’t mind me coming by. We have to talk.

● I hope not. - to agree negatively with something (“Are they

coming?” “I hope not.”)

● I hope so. - to agree positively with something (“Is she happy

with the decision?” “I hope so.”)

● It’s good news, I hope!

● I hope she’s all right.

● I hope you’re

● “I hope they’re enjoying the games, because soon enough they’ll

be dead because of them.” - in Gladiator, by Ridley Scott.

● “I hope you don't mind that I put down in the words: how
wonderful life is while you're in the world” - in Your Song, Elton
John.
When referring to the future, these are the common structures:

Subject hope simple present compl.

I hope (that) you come to my party on Saturday!

Subject hope simple future compl.

I hope I’ll be back before you even read this.

Subject hope verb - infinitive compl.

I hope to visit Jane soon.

Examples:

● I hope to see you all in the fall.

● “I hope that this does not cause any problems with your
relationships.” - in Keep The Change.

● “We hope to have more events like this that help connect
creative spaces in Wellington.” - in New Zealand Community Arts
Award 2020

● “We’re hoping it won’t be necessary to call the police.” (“hope” in

the gerund gives a forward movement, an idea that it’s a
continuing action or that it’s happening at the very moment) - in
The Big Lebowski, by The Coen Brothers.
 WANT

“Want” can be thought of as an informal version of “wish”. However,

it’s much more. We use want when we’re talking about doable
things, that is, easier to achieve, more concrete. Besides, it’s often
used to describe momentaneous wishes and desires. The structure is
pretty simple, check it out:

Subject want verb - infinitive compl.

I want to eat pasta for dinner.

Informal use:
want + to =
wanna

wanna

Examples:

● I wanna get them out of here.

● I want you to be completely honest with me!

it’s acceptable to put a pronoun between “want” and the

following verb

● I want to welcome our partners from around the world.

● She wants to start smoking again. We should do something

about it.

● He doesn’t want you to lose hope.

● “If we wanna build organizations that can innovate time and

again, we must ‘unlearn’ our conventional notions of leadership.”
- Linda Hill.
Since the topic is wishes and ambitions, here are some relevant words
and expressions:

1. Learn a new language

● What language would you like to learn? Why?

● How long do you think it’ll take before you start learning it?
Why?
● How will you start learning it, by yourself or hiring someone/ a
school?

2. Learn to play an instrument

● What instrument would you like to learn? Why?

● Would you rather learn it by yourself or at a school?

3. Travel the world

● What’s your next destination? Why?

● What is your top 5 favorite places ever to visit?

4. Write a book

● What would you write about?

● Would it be fiction or nonfiction?

5. Get married

● Would you like to get married? Why or why not?

● Do you see yourself having a big wedding party?
● Where would you like to go for your honeymoon?
LESSON 03: OPINIONS

People love giving opinions, asked and unasked… And when learning
a new language, it’s not different: we all want to know how to speak
our minds* about topics we’re interested in.

* To express your opinions and feeling honestly, frankly.

To kick things off, here are a few common expressions when giving
opinions:

● To be opinionated: someone who has strong opinions and beliefs

about certain things and expresses them strongly and too often
sometimes. This usually has a negative connotation, but not
always - this happens because common words associated with
this one are: cocky, stubborn, dogmatic etc.

E.g.: “He’s opinionated. We have intellectual debates.” - in The Perks

of Being a Wallflower, by Stephen Chbosky

People in my family are very liberal and opinionated. We tend to

disagree with each other often too many times.

● Proud: a good feeling of satisfaction when someone (or yourself)

accomplishes something great. Or the negative connotation for
when someone feels more important or better than others.

E.g.: I’m so proud of you, son! You really outdid yourself this time.
(positive)

I know she needs help, but she’s just too proud to ask for it. (negative)
 ● Prideful: similar to the negative connotation of “proud”, meaning
someone thinks too highly of themselves

E.g.: “Don’t be so prideful. That’s a sin.” - in 21 Grams, by Alejandro

González Iñárritu.

● Nonsense: an expression used to say that something is silly,

stupid, that doesn’t make any sense.

E.g.: “You handle it, okay? I don’t have time for this nonsense!” - in
JFK, by Oliver Stone.
Observation: It can be used alone in a sentence: “Nonsense!” or
“What nonsense!”, in order to show disapproval.

● (That’s) Rubbish: the word “rubbish” by itself means garbage,

waste material. When you use this and an expression in an
opinion scenario, you are comparing the opinion given to trash.
So it show complete disapproval of what was said. It’s mainly
used in the U.K. in informal language.

E.g: Ew, that movie was rubbish. I can’t believe you talked me into
watching it.

“I don’t think that’s... rubbish.” - in The Imitation Game, by Morten

Tyldum

● Fair enough: this expression is used to admit or acknowledge

something as reasonable or acceptable in the given
circumstances.

E.g.: “Fair enough! You want a piece of all the action. I’d give you 7, we
could shake and make it happen.” - in The Other Side, The Greatest
Showman.
It’s used alone in the end of a discussion or argument in most cases,
or even in questions:

“Fair enough.” - you’ll see this expression in many movies, such as: The
Dark Knight; The Departed; The Pursuit of Happyness*, and many
others.

* The title of this movie is intentionally misspelled, due to social and

political matters.

● Mansplaining: this is a relatively new term, which was created to

refer to men who usually treat women as not intelligent enough,
and “feel the need to” explain something that she already knows.
The word comes from the agglutination of the words “man” and
“explaining”.

E.g.: I get it. Enough of the mansplaining.

“I am so sick of his mansplaining.” - in TED, Tasha Eurich.

● Impartial: adjective given to someone who is not involved or

supporting of any of the parties involved in an argument.

E.g.: You’re now eligible for jury duty, you should always be fair and
impartial.

“A fair and impartial opportunity is all we ask.” - in The Tuskegee

Airmen, by Robert Markowitz.

● Indifferent: it describes someone who is not thinking about or

just not interested in something. Unlike “impartial”,
“indifference” isn’t quite used as a positive adjective.
E.g.: “Pope Francis coined the phrase ‘The Globalization of
Indifference’. Indifference is an insidious and toxic state of mind.” - in
Choose Love, Rashida Jones.

● Opinion overload: it’s when too many opinions are being given
on a topic.

E.g.: Information overload is just stuff. Stuff you can learn and read
about. Opinion overload, on the other hand, which has come with
the advancement of social media and smart technology, means that
people’s agendas are affecting us in a hyper connected way. - in Talks
at Google, Greg McKeown.

Now that you’ve taken a deeper look into some useful expressions,
let’s move on to the next topic: how to give your opinion in English!
There are many ways in which you can convey a message, from
formal to informal. Check it out:

1. In my opinion…

E.g.: “In my opinion, Mr. Zsasz is as much a danger to himself as to

others, and prison is probably not the best environment for his
rehabilitation.” - in Batman Begins, by Christopher Nolan.

2. I think…

E.g.: “I think everybody here recognizes the importance of a role

model.” - in TED, Tai Lopez.

I think we should consider a new strategy for the sales team.

3. I would say that…

E.g.: As a student, I would say that allowing myself to make mistakes

during my learning process has definitely helped my development as
an English learner and as a person.

By looking at it, I would say (that) this painting portrays a lot of

society’s flaws.

4. I have no doubt that…

E.g.: “This assignment is meant to be a challenge, but I have no

doubt that each of you will excel.” - in Writing Policy Papers

5. I have the feeling that…

E.g.: “Somehow I have the feeling we’re talking about you, and not
me.” - in Bad Timing, by Nicolas Roeg.

6. I believe that…

E.g.: “I believe that the challenges we’re facing as a business

community and as a species are getting so large and complex that
the way we do business has to fundamentally change.” - Andrew
Winston, in Big Think.

7. To be honest…

“To be honest with you, I find myself curiously aroused by you.” - in

Saving Private Ryan, by Steven Spielberg.

Judge all you want, but I’ve never been a fan of Gun and Roses, to be
honest.
8. From my point of view…

E.g.: “From my point of view, the Jedi are evil.” - in Star Wars: Episode
III - Revenge of the Sith, by George Lucas.

9. If you ask me…

E.g.: If you ask me, I don’t think he really wants the job.

James is all talk and no action, if you ask me.

How to ask someone’s opinion:

1. What do you think about…?

“Charlie, what do you think about high school?” - in The Perks of

Being a Wallflower, by Stephen Chbosky.

“So, what do you think about these updates? Let us know in the
comments or feel free to tweet at us @TeamYouTube.” - YouTube.

2. What’s your opinion on…?

Well, it depends. What’s your opinion?

“What’s your opinion on the stratification model?” - in 7 sales

organization models for your organizational structure.

3. How do you feel about…?

“Charlie, how do you feel about skiing?” - in Scent of a Woman, by

Martin Brest.

“How do you feel about the vaccine rollout so far?”- in Veritasium.

4. What’s your take on...?

What’s your take on that theory?

The most common use you’ll hear is: “What’s your take on this?”

5. What about you?

I feel like there’s always room for improvement. What about you?

6. Have you thought about...?

“Have you thought about this carefully?” - in The Remains of the

Day, by James Ivory.

Having this basic and useful information in your back pocket can be
extremely helpful in any given situation when your opinion is asked or
when you wish to get a grasp of someone else’s point of view. With
that in mind, it’s safe to say that almost every time we give our
opinions on something, there is the chance of someone not agreeing
and vice-versa. That said, here are some key expressions to politely
disagree or agree with someone when discussing an issue:

● I [strongly] agree with you.

E.g.: “I just wanted to say that I strongly agree with your views
concerning Rushmore.” in - Rushmore, by Wes Anderson.

● I (don’t) feel the same way.

● I think the same...
● I understand, but…
 LESSON 03: PERSONAL AND
PROFESSIONAL GOALS

When thinking about what our personal and professional goals, it’s
quite natural that we feel the need to use future tenses. Before really
learning about the future tenses, it’s relevant to think about how to
set realistic goals in both of the areas mentioned above.

In order to create a balance between your professional and personal

life, you need to have a clear vision of what you want to accomplish in
life as a whole. So asking yourself questions like “Where do I see
myself in 5 years?”, may sound cliché, but they are, in fact, extremely
effective and useful for situations such as this one.

Something else you could also consider is how committed you are to
something in order for it to come true. Having that sense of
commitment connected with goals is great to maintain a good level
of motivation and perseverance along the way.

After, you should probably consider what tools are necessary to make
this goal a reality and if your access to them is easy or even possible.
Nurturing unrealistic goals can really shake your confidence, so break
your goals down and plan what needs to be done.

Lastly, make sure your goals are always balanced between the areas
of your life. Whether we like it or not, everything that has a direct
connection to us is affected by the choices we make and changes in
the course of our lives. That said, keeping your professional and
personal goals as “equals” can help in a number of situations.
Nonetheless, this is just one way of analyzing the idea behind goal
setting.

The bottom line is: plan! Plan everything you can, but do not take the
spontaneity out of it.
As mentioned in the beginning, talking about goal setting is talking
about the future. These two words are intrinsically related and
dependent on each other to certain extent.

In English, there are two most commonly used structures to talk

about events in the future: will and going to. In a few contexts, they
can be considered as synonymous in terms of idea, but in most cases,
they represent different levels of certainty or even concreteness.

WILL

When talking about the future, it’s possible you might have already
encountered the word will. We use it to talk about future events,
making predictions, show willingness, and even promises. Since the
topic is goals and basically future events, that’s the focus.

Let’s break its uses down:

1. Certainty about the future: will is mainly used as a certainty when

we think there is a great chance of something taking place at some
moment in the future; or that were somewhat predetermined before.

E.g.: She’ll work with us until Monday.

contraction of will = ‘ll

We’re renovating our house. The rooms will be redecorated, but the
structure will stay the same.

2. Predictions about the future: mainly used when we don’t have

much evidence to support our prediction, it’s more of a possibility
rather than a fact.
E.g.: My dad thinks it’ll cost me a lot of money to fix my car, I’m
doomed!

Sure, she’ll be happy to see you here!

* Some predictions, though, are about facts, about things we know

happen every time, like:

E.g.: You shouldn’t wash it in hot water. I’ll shrink.

3. Intentions and momentaneous decisions: this usually comes after “I

think…”.

E.g.: I feel bad for ruining her plans. I think I’ll send her some flowers.

What do you think about postponing our trip to Vegas? That’ll save us
a lot of money.

4. Willingness, offers and promises: “willingness” is when someone is

happy to help, and wants to help.

E.g.: Don’t worry, I’ll help you with this.

*DING DONG* I’ll get it.

I’ll call you as soon as i get home, deal?

She’ll always be there for you, silly. Can’t you see?

These are the most common ways you’ll see “will” being used in the
real world. To make things clearer, let’s take a look at the structure
and a few more examples related to goals:

AFFIRMATIVE:

Subject will / ‘ll base form verb compl.

I will travel to South Africa next year!

Examples:

● “Do you have any plans for Saturday night?” “Saturday night?
Hm… No, I guess I’ll just watch a movie and chill out.”
● Maybe Claudia will fire him because of it.
● I’ll have everything done by Friday.
● Everything will change because of this.

NEGATIVE:

will not /
Subject base form verb compl.
won’t

I won’t be available tonight after all.

Examples:

● If we keep doing the same things, we won’t be able to compete

against them.
● This is our last resort. Hopefully, it won’t come to that, but if it
does, we must be prepared.
● The president will not be re-elected.
 ● Can you ensure that this won’t happen again? I need to be able
to rely on you.

INTERROGATIVE:

Will subject base form verb compl.

Will you talk to her about the trip for me?

Examples:

● Will you come with us?

● Will you be able to meet the deadline?
● What will we talk about during the meeting?

when using a Wh word, just place it before the whole interrogative

structure

For further practice, here are some songs that have “will” in the lyrics.
Try listening to the songs and identifying what type of “will” is being
used:

I Will, by The Beatles

She Will Be Loved, by Maroon 5
I Will Always Love You, by Whitney Houston
One Last Time, by Hamilton (Musical)
Run, by Joji
Hell Froze Over, by Kodaline
A common pair of words that might pop up very often when talking
about the future is going to. Similarly to “will”, “going to” is used to
talk about future plans, the main difference in most cases is that the
latter is more concrete. And when speaking, “going to” is almost
always chosen by the speakers.

Since this topic will be covered at a later time in more detail, for now,
here are some examples to show contrast and some songs
recommendations:

● I’m gonna talk about the Academic Department in my

presentation.
going + to = gonna (informal contraction - spoken
English)

● I’m so sad we’re not going to go to Paris anymore. I was so

excited.
● Are they going to have dinner with us? I haven’t cooked
anything.

Songs:

Are You Gonna Be My Girl, by Jet

One Way Or Another, by Blondie
Three Little Birds, by Bob Marley
LESSON 04: HABITS
A lot of people struggle with bad habits, and forget to even
acknowledge the fact that they have good ones too! In life, the way
we choose to live says a lot about who we are as people, about our
goals and ambitions, our likes and dislikes, and so on.

That is, everything that surrounds us influence our decisions and

affect our lifestyle. How do your habits and decisions affect your life
and your essence as a person? That’s something you should ask
yourself before keep studying this topic.

“Old habits won’t bring new results” / “Old habits will never open
new doors” - if you keep doing the same things, and making the
same mistakes, you probably won’t succeed and outdo yourself. Do
you agree? Why or why not?

As you probably already know, habits are actions or activities that we

do repeatedly on a daily basis, and they can be beneficial or harmful
to our health.

Here are some habits:

● Waking up early
● Exercising
● Eating fruits and vegetables
● Balanced work schedules
● Studying habits and routine
● Managing your money wisely
● Having good hygiene
● Being punctual
● Biting your nails
● Chewing on a pencil or pen
● Cracking knuckles or joints
● Tapping your fingers
● Correcting someone’s grammar
● Talking about work in every social situation outside of work
The trickiest things about habits is most likely the fact that they are
hard to break and to start. Breaking a habit that you’ve being doing
for a long time (whether it’s months or years) is extremely
challenging, as well as starting new ones.

Take a look at some tips to start new (better) habits:

1. Do one thing at a time! It can be extra difficult if you start 2 or more

habits at a time. You can feel overwhelmed and end up giving up on
all of them. So, the best thing to do is take your time and start
building one habit at a time.

Something important to consider when building a habit is: Does it fit

to your routine and lifestyle? If not, are you willing to change those to
make it happen? In a nutshell, to avoid unnecessary stress and
frustration, having your goals with this new habit crystal clear is the
way to go.

2. Make patience your ally! We want to change and we want it now!

But just like with tip #1, having realistic expectations can make a big
difference in whether or not we succeed in building this new habit.
Change gradually and know that change takes time. Stick to your
habit, just focus on doing it one day at a time.

This change in mindset can be a huge deal to some people, so if you

are one of those people, maybe you should start working on this
mindset shift first, and once you have it figured out, move on to your
habit. (This is just a suggestion, of course!)

3. Create a realistic plan! Having a plan reduces the chances of failure.

However, even so, you may come across some obstacles and
difficulties. The important things is knowing how to pull through and
keep going.

4. Get support from people around you! It is definitely possible to

build things without any support from others… Said no one ever.
Having a support system (family, friends etc) is key to keeping
yourself motivated.
It may seem like a small thing, but having someone cheering for you
and being there for you every step of the way can make everything
easier.

5. Keep track of your habits! It’s pretty common to overlook this step,
but having the record of what you’ve been doing is great for your
self-esteem and focus. Studies have shown that in order to build a
habit for good, you need to do it for 21 days in a row, so that you body
and mind can get across the message that you want this in your life.

7 Weeks - Android
Goalify - Android and iOS
Habitica - Android and iOS

Or keep it in a personal journal. Whatever works best for you!

Everything that was said in these 5 steps, had in mind the good
side: building a habit. Nonetheless, it is also possible to translate this
into breaking a habit, which, depending on how much it’s present in
your life, it’s just as challenging as building a new one.

Now that we’ve gone over some basic steps to building a new habit,
let’s go over some words and expressions related to the topic and
examples:

BUILD A HABIT: to start a new habit

E.g.: “The best way to build the habit of speaking up is to leap before
you look.” - VitalSmarts Video

“It’s important to know why you want to build a habit, so that you
have more motivation to keep it going and be consistent with it.” -
Dream Life Series.
 KICK/BREAK A HABIT: to give up an old habit

E.g.: “They say that it takes 21 days to either form a habit or break a
habit.” - New Year’s Resolution, Animates Tips and Tricks.

FALL BACK INTO: start doing something negative that you had
previously given up / quit / moved past.

E.g.: If he is released from jail, it’s likely he’d fall back into a similar
pattern as before.

“When the prefrontal cortex goes offline, we fall back into our old
habits.” - Judson Brewer.

FORCE OF HABIT: something you do without thinking

This expression is usually used by itself, after you do something that

might be weird for others around you, or that you know they
disapprove of or dislike, for instance: “Sorry, force of habit!”

Some movies that have this expression:

● “I’m sorry, Your Honor. Force of habit.” - in My Sister’s Keeper, by

Nick Cassavetes

● “So, you know, it’s a force of habit.” - in Lady Bird, by Greta Gerwig

● “Oh, force of habit.” - in The Intern, by Nancy Meyers

● “My dad’s a cop. Force of habit.” - in Live Free Or Die Hard, by Len
Wiseman
A couple of songs that talk about habits in a way:

Bad Habit, by The Kooks

Breaking the Habit, by Linkin Park
Bad Habits, by Ed Sheeran

Lastly, there are some other useful expressions used to give advice,
which are more indirect, therefore, more polite:

● Well, why don't you talk to Jenny about it before making this
decision?
● What do you think about going to that restaurant instead? Let’s
try something new!
● How about studying music?
● I would recommend/suggest trying a new strategy.
 LESSON 04: ADVICE

Habits and advice are connected somehow. Before thinking about

starting a new habit, we go to people that did the same, and maybe,
ask for advice. But how can ask for advice and even talk about it in
English?

The first thing you need to know is that the word advice is an
uncountable noun, that is “advices” doesn’t really exist. If you want to
go to plural, indicating the idea that more than once advice has been
given, we use something else to measure this quantity: x pieces of
advice, take a look:

● Let me give you a piece of advice.

● Here are some excellent pieces of advice for you.
● 3 (three) pieces of advice to stop eating sugar.

To give (and ask) for advice, it’s pretty common to hear the modal
verb “should” be used.

SHOULD

Overall, the modal verb should can be used to give advice,

suggestion, expectation, probability and also duty. The focus of
today’s lesson is on advice. Take a look at the structure:

Take a look at the structures now:

AFFIRMATIVE:

Subject should base form verb compl.

You should talk to your mom about it first.

Examples:

● You should be more careful.

● I really think you should start eating healthier.
● Rosanna, I think you should put yourself first.

Notice that all of the examples given above use the pronoun “you”
after “should”. It’s possible to see the other pronouns, but it’s not that
common when giving advice, because the person is probably asking
for personal advice. If that’s not the case, you could easily change to
the desired pronoun, such as: “I think she should stop eating sugar
every day.”

NEGATIVE:

Subject should not /

base form verb compl.
shouldn’t

You shouldn’t talk to your mom like that!

Examples:

● You shouldn’t stop trying to break this habit! I got your back.
● She really shouldn’t go out late at night, it’s too dangerous.
● Truth be told, you shouldn’t care about what people say.

INTERROGATIVE:

Should subject base form verb compl.

Should I talk tell her about the trip?

Here are some common questions that are used when asking for
someone for advice:

● What should I do?

● Do you think I should…?
● What do you think I should do?
● What would you do if you were me?

Take a look at the last question: “What would you do if you were
me?”. This is another way of asking and giving advice, by using this
conditional phrase:

➔ If I were you, I would definitely call her.

➔ I wouldn’t do that if I were you.

OUGHT TO

In essence, should and ought to mean the same thing and can be
used interchangeably in all situations. However, in spoken English,
you will hear people use “should” much more often, since “ought to”
can sound a little bit too formal for some daily conversations.

Reminder: it’s hardly ever used in the negative and interrogative

forms. It is recommended that, when using these two structures, you
opt for “should”. Take a look at the structure:

AFFIRMATIVE:
in spoken English, you’ll hear “oughta”

Subject ought to base form verb compl.

You should talk to your mom about it first.

Examples:

● You ought to talk to the Principal about this.

● I think we ought to go there and see if we can help.
● To build a habit, you ought to be determined.

Now take a look at some real examples:

➔ “We ought to talk this over at least.” - in The Dark Knight, by

Christopher Nolan
➔ You Oughta Know, by Alanis Morissette
➔ “I’d keep my eyes open if I were you. Bye!” - in Brazil, by Terry
Gilliam
➔ “You should read at least one book a week.” - in TED, Tai Lopez.
➔ “I kept saying to him: ‘There’s something not right, I think you
ought to to go the doctor.’” - in Conversation with Yvonne Vann.
➔ Hot N Cold, by Katy Perry

Don’t forget to read the Blog Post on CLASS about different lifestyles!
1) Fill in the blanks with the words from the box (make the necessary
changes according to the verb tense or form):

sightseeing luggage take off arrive land

a. Are you ready for tomorrow? I mean, do you have everything

packed? I’m only asking you that because the plane __________ at
5am, and it’s already pretty late.
b. Before really settling down in London, we had to quarantine in a
hotel room for 10 days. Our __________ only arrived 5 days after we
got there. It was a nightmare!
c. I can’t wait to get to the city. We should ________ in Barcelona’s
airport at 12pm, which gives us plenty of time to visit Las
Ramblas.
d. What are you going to do on your first day in Mexico. Are you
planning to go _______________? I can definitely recommend
some places!
e. My mom said she would _________ around noon tomorrow. I was
thinking about making her lunch, will you help me?

2) Read the following Blog Post about Louvre Museum

recommendations and answer some questions:

In today’s post, I wanted to share some things that were fundamental to me when I
went to the Louvre Museum, in July 2019. Here are 5 key recommendations:

#1 Buy your tickets in your home country beforehand. It’s cheaper and there is not a
chance in hell you’ll miss it!

#2 Ditch the crowds! There are some alternative entrances, like Le Carrousel du Louvre,
which is a mall near the museum, or the subway stations Louvre Rivoli and Palais Royal
Musée du Louvre, which are both located on Line 1 (Yellow).
#3 Get the map of the museum before getting there (when you’re on the planning
phase). This way you can select the works of art that are at the top of your list and see
what’s the best way to do it. You should really keep this with you at all times. The
Louvre is a huge museum, and I’m sure you won’t be able to check everything out in
one day, so the key is to prioritize. There are about 35,000 works of art, and if you
wanted to see all of them, it would probably take you 200 days (looking at each of them
only for 30s)! Crazy! And as a matter of fact, the museum actually owns 550,000 works
of art, so what is actually exposed for people to see is not even half of the collection.

#4 Make sure you have some scheduled pauses during your visit. If you are addicted to
art or appreciate this type of attraction, I highly recommend setting a whole day aside
for this visit, starting at opening hours (9am) and finishing at closing hours (6pm). So
because it’s going to be a long visit, requiring a lot of walking, taking small breaks,
sitting down at one of its many gardens is a great idea. For your lunch break, so that
you don’t have to leave the premisses, there are over 15 restaurants and cafés spread
around the museum with spectacular menus. I suggest trying the Ratatouille, a typical
French dish. It’ll definitely make you feel like you’re in Paris!

#5 Schedule a couple of hours to see the Mona Lisa. Mona Lisa is located in the upper
floors of the museum, and there is (almost 100% of the times) huge lines to see it. I
would recommend doing this visit first thing in the morning, and then visiting the rest
of the museum. *FYI: You’re not allowed to stay in the room where Mona Lisa is for too
long. Since it’s probably the most famous painting in the whole world, people go to the
museum expecting to see it. So keep your camera ready and don’t miss out on
photographing it!

*FYI - For Your Information.

I hope these tips were extremely helpful and that you enjoy your visit! Thanks for
reading, see you in the next post!

a. What are the recommendation expressions learned that are

present in the text?
b. Why did the writer recommend having breaks during the visit?
c. What are two alternatives to get inside the museum besides the
main one? Why is it a good idea to use them?
d. When is the best time to visit the Mona Lisa according to the
writer?
3) Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the
verbs in brackets:

a. ______ she _________ (visit) her grandparents in Singapore

recently?
b. I ______________ (not be) to Holambra in a while. How’s
everything?
c. She ____________ (work) as an English teacher for 10 years before
working as a translator.
d. I ___________ (never do) anything like this before. I’m so excited.
e. There _________ (be) a misunderstanding. I’m terribly sorry about
that.

4) Complete B’s sentences using the verbs in brackets + yet or already

(if necessary), in a way that it answers A’s questions.

B
A
I ___________ (go) anywhere. I was in
Where have you been? I’ve
my room.
been looking everywhere for
you!
Yes, sounds good. I __________ (finish)
packing. How about you?
What do you think about
leaving for the airport at 5pm?
You _________ (buy) the groceries
______? Oh my God, we’re going to be
Are you ready to go? I still
so late!
have to buy some groceries.
Jim’s not here. He _________ (go) to
Where’s Jim?
France.
5) Complete B’s sentences using the verbs in brackets, in a way that it
answers A’s questions (use affirmative and negative when necessary).

do meet have hear be

A I don’t know. I ____________ him

actually.
What’s Francesca’s brother
like? I have no idea. I ____________
there. But ________ it’s
Is Malta an interesting place? breathtaking.

How’s your holiday so far? Are It’s great! I’m having an

you enjoying it? amazing time. It’s the best one I
________ in a long time.
Do you like skiing?
I don’t know. I ___________ it
before.

6) Read the situations below and write sentences. Take a look at the
example:

E.g.: Hermione is on the plane on her way to Germany, but she’s really
nervous.

You: Have you ever flown in a plane before?

She: No, this is the first time I’ve flown in a plane.

a. Julia has just arrived in South Africa. It’s a completely new

experience for her.
b. Max is petting a big cow. He looks extremely uncomfortable.
c. My parents are eating caviar. It looks like they don’t know how to
eat properly.
7) Fill in the blanks with the correct expressions from the box (make
the necessary changes in the words if necessary):

long-term achieve a goal set a goal challenging

a. My _________ goal is to buy a house in the countryside and grow

my own vegetables.
b. It can be really ____________ to think outside the box when you’re
at a comfortable place at work. But deciding to do so is the best
thing you’ll do for you and your career.
c. I ___________ many _________ in my lifetime. I’m at a point in my
life right now where I’m focusing on making them come true.
d. Once I ____________ to move to Mexico with my family, I’ll be a
happy person.

8) Write sentences beginning with SUBJECT + wish… Take a look at

the example:

E.g.: I don’t know many people here (and I’m feeling lonely) - I wish I
knew more people here.

a. My mom lives in a small town (and she doesn’t like it).

b. I can’t go to the party because I’m working (but I’d like to go).
c. Philip isn’t available (and I needed to talk to him).
d. It’s so hot today (and I hate the hot weather).
e. Joey is having some friends over (but he doesn’t have time to
buy food).
9) Complete the sentences with the correct form of hope or wish.

a. Enjoy the party. I ________ you have a great time!

b. Before the big test, we said goodbye and ________ each other
good luck.
c. My parents and I are heading to the beach house tomorrow, so I
_________ the weather is good.
d. I ________ you the best of luck in your new journey, and I _______ it
brings you joy!
e. Happy birthday! I ________ you all the best.
f. _______ me luck! I’m so nervous.

10) Are all the sentences correct? Correct the ones that are not.

a. I’m hurt. I wish Sydney would be here now.

b. I wish everything would be cheaper. I didn’t bring a lot of money.
c. I wish the weather would change. I was really hoping for some
sunny days.
d. Oh, I wish I have more free time to do things I like, like reading a
book, or watching a movie.

11) Complete the sentences with the correct form of hope:

a. I _________ (you) OK. You can call me if you need me, all right?
b. There’s no need to wait up. I _________ (I) be back before you fall
asleep though.
c. I can’t believe it! I always ________ for the best. I guess it wasn’t
meant to be.
d. I really _________ visit Singapore one day. A friend of mine has
lived there, and he told it has an incredibly rich culture.
e. I ___________ (I not) seem too crazy, but Van Gogh is my favorite
artist. So being here at the Orsay is a dream come true.
12) Write sentences with the correct form of want. There might me
more than one possibility. Check out the example:

E.g.: I bought a new car. My dad said he would buy one too. - Now
that I bought a car, my dad wants to buy one too.

a. We were planning to go to Italy next year. She is going to Italy

alone this month.
b. I’m leaving the party early tomorrow. My friends are watching a
movie after work.

13) Match opinion A with opinion B correctly, as if it were a

conversation:

B
A
a. Are you serious? I’m so tired
1. I feel like you shouldn’t worry
of your mansplaining all the
about the math test that much.
time. I think I know how to
It’s just a test!
pronounce my own name.
2. What’s your take on what’s
b. Dude, I think it’s rubbish.
been going in Afghanistan?
People are losing their temper
and humanity, if you ask me.
3. I believe your name is actually
pronounce as “Aelis”, with an
c. Fair enough! It was okay. I
“ae” sound in the beginning.
think Coco is better though.
4. Luca, the new Pixar
d. I can’t understand your
animation, blew me away! How
indifference, man. It is a big
they were able to portray the
deal for me, and it should be for
Italian culture so accurately was
you too.
just beautiful.
14) Complete the sentence with will or won’t and a verb:

a. I bought this painting for my mom. Do you think she ___________

it?
b. I ___________ some coffee, please.
c. Can you guys wait for me? I _________ long.
d. I watched the weather forecast yesterday. It _______. There’s no
need to take an umbrella.
e. Ask Clarice for advice. She __________ what to do.

15) Read the following situations and match them with the fitting
piece of advice:

a. I’m so worried about Janet 1. Hmmm I don’t know.

and Ayrton. They’re too Why would you say
young to get married. Do you something? I think you
think I should say something should keep it to
to them? yourself and let it go. It’s
b. I have a cold, but I also have a their decision, not yours.
party to go to. Should I stay 2. That’s tricky. If I were
home or go out? you, I would probably
c. Can you give me a piece of apologize. But you
advice, Jack? I had a heated ought to do what your
argument with my mom last heart tells you to.
week, and now we’re not on 3. I think you should stay
speaking terms. I know I’m home and get some
right, but should I apologize rest.
anyway?
1) 4)

a. takes off haven’t gone

b. luggage have/’ve already finished
c. land haven’t bought / yet
d. sightseeing has/’s gone
e. arrive
5)
2)
have/’ve never met or haven’t met
a. Make sure you… / I would have/’ve never been or haven’t been /
recommend… / I suggest… I’ve heard
b. Because the museum is have/’ve had
huge and a lot of walking is have never done
required. So taking break is
great to avoid fatigue. 6)
c. Le Carrousel du Louvre,
which is a mall near the a. You: Have you ever been to
museum, or the subway South Africa before?
stations Louvre Rivoli and She: No, this is the first time I’ve
Palais Royal Musée du been to South Africa.
Louvre, which are both b. You: Have you ever pet a cow
located on Line 1 (Yellow). It’s (this big) before?
a good idea to use them in He: No, this is the first time I’ve
order to avoid staying in line pet a cow.
for too long. c. You: Have you ever eaten caviar
d. According to the writer, it’s before?
better to visit the Mona Lisa They: No, this is the first time
in the morning, as soon as we’ve eaten caviar.
the museum opens.
7)
3)
a. long-term
a. has / visited b. challenging
b. haven’t been c. have set / goals
c. hasn’t worked d. achieve my/the goal
d. have never done
e. has been
8) 12)

a. My mom wishes she didn’t live a. She doesn’t want my

in a small town. company or She doesn’t
b. I wish I could go to the party. want me to go to Italy with
c. I wish Philip were available. her.
d. I wish it weren’t so hot today. b. I want to catch/watch a
e. Joey wishes he had time to buy movie with my friends.
food.
13)
9)
1 -d
a. hope 2-b
b. wish 3-a
c. hope 4-c
d. wish / hope
e. wish 14)
f. wish
a. will/’ll like
10) b. will/’ll have
c. won’t be
a. I’m hurt. I wish Sydney were d. won’t rain
here now. e. will/’ll know
b. I wish everything was/were
cheaper. 15)
c. CORRECT
d. I wish I had more free time… a -1
b-3
11) c-2

a. hope you’re
b. hope I’ll
c. hoped
d. hope to
e. hope I don’t