Chemistry
investigatory project
Aadi Potphode
XI-H
Roll no: 1
Shri Bhairavnath Shikshan Sanstha’s
Aditya English Medium School
Affiliation No. 1130831
Baner, Pune
Certificate
This is to certify that______________________ of
class_______________ of Aditya English Medium
School has successfully completed project under the
guidance of ______________during the academic
year_______.
Principal sign External sign Teacher sign
Acknowledgment:
I would like to express my special
thanks of gratitude to my teacher
Vaishali ma'am, who gave me
golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project for the subject of
chemistry on the topic of methods
of purification of water.
I am also thankful to our principal for
supporting me. I came to know about
so many things.
I would also like to thank my parents
who were very supportive during this
process. Thank you.
Yours faithfully,
Aadi Potphode
Introduction
Access to clean water is fundamental for
human health, environmental sustainability,
and economic development. As populations
grow and industrial activities expand, the
demand for safe drinking water increases,
while freshwater resources become more
vulnerable to contamination. Water
purification methods play a crucial role in
addressing these challenges by removing
harmful substances and ensuring water is
safe for consumption and use.
This project explores various methods of
water purification, from traditional
techniques to modern innovations. These
methods include physical filtration, chemical
treatments, and biological processes, each
offering unique advantages and
applications. By understanding and
evaluating these techniques, we can better
address global water quality issues,
contribute to public health improvements,
and promote sustainable water
management practices.
Aim:
To study and understand various methods of
water purification, including filtration,
chemical treatment, reverse osmosis, UV
treatment, and others, and to evaluate their
effectiveness in different scenarios.
Materials Required:
Sand, gravel, and activated carbon (for
filtration)
Chlorine solution (for chemical
disinfection)
UV light source (for ultraviolet
purification)
Reverse osmosis kit
Test samples of contaminated water
pH indicator strips
Testing equipment for bacteria and other
contaminants
Theory:
Water purification methods aim to
eliminate contaminants, pathogens, and
undesirable substances from water to
make it safe for use. The following are the
key methods of purification:
1. Filtration: A physical method where
water passes through layers of sand,
gravel, and activated carbon, trapping
suspended particles and organic matter.
2. Chemical Treatment: Chlorination
and other chemical processes are used
to kill bacteria and disinfect water.
3. Reverse Osmosis (RO): Water is
forced through a semi-permeable
membrane that removes ions,
molecules, and larger particles.
4. Ultraviolet (UV) Treatment: UV
light is used to destroy microorganisms
by damaging their DNA, rendering them
inactive.
5. Boiling: A traditional method where
water is heated to its boiling point to kill
bacteria and viruses.
6. Distillation: Water is heated to
produce steam, which is then condensed
into clean water, leaving contaminants
behind.
Related Diagrams:
Observations:
Filtration: Record the clarity of
water before and after filtration.
Chemical Treatment: Measure
the residual chlorine content and
check for bacterial contamination.
Reverse Osmosis: Note the
purity and taste of the water after
RO treatment.
UV Treatment: Test for bacterial
contamination before and after
UV exposure.
Result:
Filtration effectively removed
suspended particles and organic
matter.
Chlorination disinfected the water by
eliminating bacteria.
Reverse osmosis removed dissolved
salts and chemicals.
UV treatment successfully
deactivated microorganisms in the
water samples.
Conclusion:
Different methods of water purification
serve various purposes, depending on
the type of contamination and the
desired quality of water. While filtration
is effective for removing larger particles,
chemical treatments and UV light are
more suited for disinfection. Reverse
osmosis, though expensive, provides
highly purified water by removing
dissolved substances. A combination of
methods often offers the best results for
comprehensive water purification.
Applications:
In households, methods like filtration
and UV treatment remove contaminants,
providing safe drinking water for daily
use.
Municipal water treatment systems
utilize filtration and disinfection to
supply pathogen-free water to
communities, safeguarding public
health.
Industries require purified water for
processes like cooling and
manufacturing, where reverse osmosis
and distillation meet strict purity
standards.
In rural areas and emergency
situations, portable purification
systems ensure access to clean water,
preventing waterborne diseases.
Agriculture benefits from purified water
for irrigation, improving crop health by
reducing soil contamination.
Bibliography:
WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water
Quality.
https://byjus.com
https://en.wikipedia.org
https://www.freshwatersystems.com
https://pureaqua.com
I also received a considerable amount of
help for this project from my chemistry
teacher.
Thank You!
