Lecture 7: Building Construction
➢Construction term meaning is the art and science to form objects, systems, or
organizations
➢Construction starts with planning, design, and financing; it continues until the
project is built and ready for use.
➢Definition The art of constructing
buildings for residential, business and
other purposes, systematically according
to their planning and design is known as
Building Construction.
▪ The techniques and industry involved in
the assembly and erection of structures.
▪ Building construction is the process of
adding structure to real property or
construction of buildings.
▪ All building construction projects include
elements in common Planning & Design,
Finance and Legal Considerations.
➢Building Construction Project
▪ Construction is putting together infrastructure, but a
construction project includes not only the
assembling but all of the plans and building
materials necessary as well. This means it will
include the preparation done to the site beforehand,
the pouring of the foundations, wiring, plumbing and
all the finishing touches that go in to building.
➢Types of Building Construction Projects
▪ There are several different types of construction
projects as
▪ Residential: These includes Houses, Apartments,
Bungalows and Farmhouses.
➢Types of Construction Projects
▪ Commercial: These includes Shopping Malls, Hotels
and Office Building.
▪ Industrial: These includes factories and warehouses.
▪ Highway: These includes building or repairing of
roads, highways, parking lots, alleys and airport
runways.
▪ Heavy Construction: These includes water treatment
plants, bridges, putting in gas, sewer & water supply
lines and big dams.
➢Building Construction Process
▪ Ground Breaking
▪ Utilities
▪ Excavation
o Sewer, Electrical, Water, Gas
▪ Foundation
▪ Framing
o Concrete Forms
o Balloon Framing
o Pour Foundation Wall o Sheathing
▪ Foundation Construction Process o Roof
▪ Foundation marking on ground o Stairs
Excavation of foundation o Windows
Filled up Soil
Excavation Trenches/Pits ▪ Roofing
Anti-termite Treatment to ground o Weather Resistant Barrier
Formwork and steel placement
• Rain Screen
Concreting in footing
Curing of Foundation
▪ Rough Plumbing ▪ Drywall
o Sheetrock, Mudding, Sanding,
▪ Mechanical Systems Primer
o HVAC
▪ Flooring
▪ Lighting and Electrical
▪ Painting
o Ambient
o Task ▪ Tiling
o Accent ▪ Cabinets, Shelving
o Perimeter
▪ Finish Plumbing
▪ Air Sealing
▪ Finish Electrical and Lighting
▪ Insulation
▪ Certificate of Occupancy
o Spray Foam, Blown-in Insulation, or Batt Insulation
▪ Moving In
▪ following are house foundation construction steps
1. layout of the column
2. Marking of the footing trench
3. Excavation of foundation trenches
4. Leveling the foundation base
5. PCC work in the foundation
6. Footing formwork and concreting work
7. Curing of Footing
8. Removal of formwork
9. Backfilling the trenches
10. Starting the above-ground construction
➢Parts Of Building A building usually consists of
the following two parts
a) Substructure
b) Superstructure
a) Substructure
▪ The part of the building below the ground or plinth
level is called substructure.
➢Foundation
▪ The most lower part of the building. The main
function of the foundation is to transfer load to sub
soil. It is the most important part of structure. Most
of the failure of a structure may happen due to
foundation failure.
a) Substructure
➢Basement
▪ Sometimes a part of a major building is constructed below ground level which
provides accommodation. This portion of the building which provides
accommodation below ground level is called basement
▪ In such cases basement along with other portion of the building is supported by
the foundation lying below it.
➢Plinth
▪ The part between surrounding ground level and ground floor of the building is
called plinth. The purposes of the plinth is transfer the incoming load from super
structure to the foundation.
a) Substructure
➢Damp Proof Course (DPC)
▪ Damp proof course is a layer of water
proofing material such as asphalt or
waterproof cement. Walls are
constructed above the damp proof
course.
▪ Damp proof course prevents surface
water from rising into the walls.
b) Superstructure
▪ The part of a building above ground level is called superstructure. The
superstructure of a building usually consists of walls, floors, doors & windows etc
➢Walls
▪ The structures constructed to enclose an area, to support suspended floors and
roofs, or to divide the floor area of a building into required number of rooms are
known as walls. These are essential to provide privacy to the inmates and protect
them from wind and weather.
➢Floors
▪ The surfaces which provide room for the inmates to live at different levels in a
building are called floors.
b) Superstructure
➢Floors
▪ Floors are essential to divide a building into different stories and to provide a hard
surface to live at different levels.
➢Lintel
▪ Lintel is constructed above doors & windows etc. to support load of wall on
openings. Lintel beam is generally made as reinforced cement concrete member.
➢Sunshade
▪ Sun shade is a slab that is cast on the top of doors and windows. Sun shade
protects doors and windows from sun and rain. Sun shade is cast monolithically
with the lintel.
b) Superstructure
➢Step and Stair
▪ Stair is made for easy communication among various floors of a building. Stair
consists of steps. steps height should be comfortable enough for vertical movement.
➢Doors, Windows and Ventilators
▪ Doors are the movable opening provided in the wall for the exit and entry. It
provides safety and privacy by blocking inside sound and sight from passer by's
reach. Windows are movable openings provided for circulation of air, natural breeze
and sunlight. Ventilators are provided in the wall at near roof level to serve the
purpose of circulating warm air and foul gases from the room.
➢Roof
▪ The horizontal member provided to cover the enclosed space of a building is called
roof.
b) Superstructure
➢Parapet
▪ External walls of a building are extended above the roof slab which is known as
parapet. The sole purpose of parapet is to retain water from its entrance in to the
walls and a safety protection for people who use the roof of a building.
➢Drip Course
▪ A groove in the underside of a sill or drip cap to cause water to drop off on the
outer edge instead of drawing back and running down the face of the building.
➢Surfaces / Finishes
▪ External finishes are the outer most layer of protection, which protect the structure
from weathering. Internal finishes are the layers given on internal faces. They
give durability and pleasing appearance to the inside.
Parts of Building
Parts of Building
For Your Patience And Strength
