WORKSHEET (CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY)

Standard: 12th Science Subject: Mathematics

Q1. Find dy
dx
, when
2t 1 − t2
x= and y =
1 + t2 1 + t2

Ans: Here, x = 2t
1 + t2
Differentiating it with respect to t using quotient rule,
d d
( 1 + t 2 ) dt ( 2t ) − 2t dt ( 1 + t 2 )
dy
dx
= [ ( 1 + t2 )2 ]
( 1 + t 2 ) ( 2 ) − 2t ( 2t )
= [ (1+t ) 2 2 ]
2 2
2 + 2t − 4t
= [ ] 2 2
(1+t )
2
2 − 2t
= [ ] 2
(1+t )
dx 2 ( 1 − t2 )
= . . . (i)
dt ( 1 + t2 )2
2 ( 1 − t2 )
And, y =
( 1 + t2 )2
Differentiating it with respect to t using quotient rule,
d d
( 1 + t 2 ) dt ( 1 − t 2 ) − ( 1 − t 2 ) dt ( 1 + t 2 )
dy
dt
= [ ( 1 + t2 )2 ]
2 2
( 1 + t ) ( − 2t ) − ( 1 − t ) ( 2t )
= [ (1+t ) 2 2 ]
3 3
− 2t − 2t − 2t + 2t
= [ ] 2 2
(1+t )
dy − 4t
dx
= [ (1+t ) ]
. . . (ii)
2 2

Dividing equation (ii) by (i),

dy
dt − 4t ( 1 + t2 )2
dx
= ×
( 1 − t2 )2 2 ( 1 + t2 )
dt
− 2t
=
( 1 − t2 )
dy x
dx
= − y
x 2t 1 + t2 2t
[Since y = 1 + t 2
×
1 − t2
=
1 − t2
]
Q2. Show that the function defined by f(x) = cos (x2 ) is a continuous function.
Ans: It is given function is f(x) = cos(x 2)
This function f is defined for every real number and f can be written as the composition of two function as,
f = goh, where, g(x) = cosx and h(x) = x 2
First we have to prove that g(x) = cosx and h(x) = x 2 are continuous functions.
We know that g is defined for every real number.
Let k be a real number.
Then, g(k) = cos k
Now, put x = k + h
lf x → k, then h → 0
lim lim
x → kg(x) = x → kcosx
= hlim
→ -0cos(k + h)
= lim
h→0
− [coskcosh − sink. sinh]
= hlim
lim
→ -0coskcosh − h → -0sinksinh
= coskcos0 − sinksin0
= cosk × 1 − sin × 0
= cosk
lim
∴ x → kg(x) = g(k)
Thus, g(x) = cosx is continuous function.
Now, h(x) = x2
So, h is defined for every real number.
Let c be a real number, then h(c) = c2
lim
x→c
h(x) = xlim
→c
x2
lim
x → ch(x) = h(c)
Therefore, h is a continuous function.
We know that for real valued functions g and h, Such that (fog) is continuous at c.
Therefore, f(x) = (goh)(x) = cos(x2) is a continuous function.
Q3. Discuss the continuity and differentiability of f(x) = e | x | .

Ans: Given:
f(x) = e | x |

⇒ f(x) =
{ e x,
e − x,
x≥0
x<0
f is Continuity:
(LHL at x = 0)
lim f(x)
x→0−
= lim f(0 − h)
h→0
= lim e − ( 0 − h )
h→0
= lim e − h
h→0
=1
(RHL at x = 0)
lim f(x)
x→0+
= lim f(0 + h)
h→0
= lim e ( 0 + h )
h→0
=1
and f(0)
= e0 = 1
Thus, lim − f(x) = lim − f(x) = f(0)
x→0− h→0+
Hence, function is continuous at x = 0.
Differentiability at x = 0.
(LHL at x = 0)
f(x) − f ( 0 )
= lim x−0
x→0−
f(0−h) −f(0)
= lim 0−h−0
h→0
e − (0−h) −1
= lim
−h
h→0
eh − 1 eh − 1
= lim
h→0
−h
= −1 [ ∵ lim
h→0
h
=1 ]
(RHL at x = 0)
f(x) − f ( 0 )
= lim
x−0
x→0+
f(0−h) −f(0)
= lim
0+h−0
h→0
e − (0−h) −1
= lim h
h→0
eh − 1 eh − 1
= lim
h→0
h
=1 [ ∵ hlim
→0
h
=1 ]
LHL at (x = 0) ≠ RHL at (x = 0)
Hence the function is not differentiable at x = 0.
Q4. Differentiate the following functions with respect to x:
4x 1 1
tan − 1 ( 1 − 4x ), − 2 < x < 2
2

Ans: Let y = tan − 1 4x

{ 1 − 4x } 2

Put 2x = tanθ, so
2tan θ
y = tan − 1 { 1 − tan θ } 2

y = tan − 1{tan2θ} . . . . . (i)

1 1
Here, − 2 < x < 2
⇒ − 1 < 2x < 1
⇒ − 1 < tanθ < 1
π π
⇒ − 4
<θ< 4
π π
⇒ − < (2θ) <
2 2
So, from equation (i),
π π
[
y = θ Since, tan − 1(tanθ) = θ, if θ ∈ [ − 2 , 2 ]]
y = 2tan − 1(2x) [Since, 2x = tanθ ]
Differentiating ti with respect to x using chain rule,
dy 1 d
dx
=2 ( 1 + ( 2x ) ) dx (2x)
2
dy 4
=
dx 1 + 4x 2
Q5. dx y ( x 2y + x + y )
If xylog(x + y) = 1, prove that = −
dx x ( xy 2 + x + y )

Ans: Here,
xy log(x + y) = 1
Differentiating with respect to x, we get
d d
dx [
⇒ xylog(x + y) ] = (1)
dx
d dy d
⇒ xy dx log(x + y) + xlog(x + y) dx + ylog(x + y) dx (x) = 0
[Using chain rule and product rule]
1 d dy
⇒ xy × (x+y ) dx
(x + y) + xlog(x + y) dx + ylog(x + y)(1) = 0
xy dy dy
⇒ ( x + y )(1 + dx ) + xlog(x + y) dx + ylog(x + y)(1) = 0
xy dy xy 1 dy 1
⇒ ( x + y ) dx + ( x + y ) + x ( xy ) dx + y ( xy ) = 0
1
[Since from equation (i)log(x + y) = xy ]
dy xy 1 1 xy
⇒ dx [ x + y + y ] = − [ x + x + y ]
2
dy xy + x + y x+y+x y 2
[
dx ( x + y ) y ] = − [ x(x+y) ]
2
dy x+y+x y (x+y)y
dx
= − ( x(x+y) )( xy + x + y
) 2
2
y x+y+x y
= − x( ) 2
x + y + xy
So,
dy y x 2y + x + y
dx
= − (
x xy 2 + x + y )
Q6. If x = asin2t(1 + cos2t) and y = b cos2t(1 − cos2t), show that dy b
( dx ) at t = π
4
= a.

Ans: We have, x = asin2t(1 + cos2t) and y = bcos2t(1 − cos2t)

dx d d
∴
dt [
= a sin2t ⋅
dt
(1 + cos2t) + (1 + cos2t) dt sin2t ]
= a [sin2t ⋅ ( − 2sin2t) + (1 + cos2t) ⋅ 2cos2t ]
= − 2asin 22t + 2acos2t(1 + cos2t)
dx
⇒ = − 2a [sin 22t − cos2t(1 + cos2t) ] …(i)
dt
 dy d d
and dt [
= b cos2t ⋅
dt
(1 − cos2t) + (1 − cos2t) ⋅
dt
cos2t ]
= b [cos2t ⋅ (2sin2t) + (1 − cos2t)( − 2sin2t) ]
= 2b [sin2t ⋅ cos2t − (1 − cos2t)sin2t ]
dy
dy dt 2b [ sin 2t ⋅ cos 2t − 1 ( 1 − cos 2t ) sin 2t ]
∴ = dx
=
dx − 2a [ sin 2 2t − cos 2t ( 1 + cos 2t ) ]
dt
π π π π
dy b [ sin 2 cos 2 ( 1 − cos 2 ) sin 2 ]
⇒ ( dx )t = π
= − a π π π
4
[ sin2 2 − cos 2 ( 1 + cos 2 ) ]
b (0−1) b
= ⋅ =
a (1−0) a
Q7. Find dy
dx
sin x
y=x + (sinx ) x
Ans: Let y = x sin x + (sinx) x
Also, let u = x sin x and v = (sinx) x
∴y=u+v
dv du dv
⇒ = + . . . . . (i)
dx dx dx
u= x sin x
⇒ logu = log (x sin x )
⇒ logu = sinxlogx
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain
1 du d d
= (sinx) × logx + sinx × (logx)
u dx dx dx
du 1
⇒
dx [
= u cotxlogx + sinx ×
x ]
du sin x
⇒
dx
= x sin x cosxlogx +[ x ] . . . . . (ii)
v= (sinx) x
⇒ logv = log(sinx) x
⇒ logv = xlog(sinx)
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain
1 dv d d
v dx
= dx
(x) × log(sinx) + x × dx [log(sinx) ]
dv 1 d
⇒ dx [
= v log(sinx) + x × sin x
× dx
(sinx) ]
dv x
⇒ dx
= (sinx) x logsinx + [ sin x
cosx ]
dv
⇒ dx
(sinx) x [logsinx + xcotx ]
dv
⇒ dx
= (sinx) x [logsinx + xcotx ] . . . . . (iii)
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we obtain
dy sin x
dx
= x sin x cosxlogx +( x ) + (sinx) x [logsinx + xcotx ]
Q8. Determine the values of a, b, c for which the function

{
sin (a + 1 ) x + sin x
x
, for x < 0,
c, for x = 0
f(x) = is continuous at x = 0.
√ x + bx 2 − √x
3 , for x > 0
bx 2

Ans: The given function can be rewritten as,

 {
sin (a + 1 ) x + sin x
x
, for x < 0,
c, for x = 0
f(x) =
√x + bx 2 − √x
3 , for x > 0
bx 2

{
sin (a + 1 ) x + sin x
, for x < 0,
x

⇒ f(x) = c, for x = 0
√1 + bx − 1
bx
, for x > 0

We observe
(LHL at x = 0) = lim f(x) = lim f(0 − h) = lim f( − h)
x→0− h→0 h→0
− sin ( a + 1 ) h − sin ( − h ) − sin ( a + 1 ) h sin h
= lim
h→0
[ h ] = hlim
→0
[ h
− h ]
− sin ( a + 1 ) h sin h
= − (a − 1) lim
h→0
[ (a+1)h ] − hlim
→0
h
= −a−1

(RHL at x = 0) = lim f(x) = lim f(0 + h) = lim f(h)

x→0+ h→0 h→0
√1 + bh − 1 bh 1 1
= lim
h→0
( bh ) = hlim (
→ 0 bh ( √1 + bh + 1 )
) = hlim (
→ 0 √1 + bh + 1
)= 2
And, f(0) = c
If f(x) is continuous at x = 0, then
= lim f(x ) = lim f(x ) = f(0)
x→0− x→0+
1
⇒ −a−1= =c
2
1 1
⇒ −a−1= 2
and c = 2
−3 1
⇒a= 2
,c = 2
√1 + bx − 1
Now, bx
exists only if bx ≠ 0 ⇒ b ≠ 0.
∴ b ∈ R − {0}
Q9. Find the value of 'a' for which the function f defined by

{
π
asin 2 (x + 1), x≤0
f(x) = tan x-sinx is discontinuous at x = 0.
x>0
x3

Ans: Since f(x) is continuous at x = 0, L.H.L = R.H.L.

Thus, we have
lim f(x) = lim f(x)
x→0− x→0+
π tan x − sin x
⇒ lim asin 2 (x + 1) = lim
x3
x→0− x→0+
tan x − sin x
⇒ a × 1 = lim
x→0 x3
sin x
cos x
− sin x
⇒ a = lim
x→0 x3
sin x 1
x ( cos x − 1 )
⇒ a = lim
x2
x→0
sin x 1 − cos x
x ( cos x )
⇒ a = lim
x2
x→0
 sin x 1 1 − cos x
⇒ a = lim × lim × lim
x cos x x2
x→0 x→0 x→0
1 − cos x
⇒ a = 1 × 1 × lim
x→0 x2
1 − cos x 1 + cos x
⇒ a = lim 2
×
x 1 + cos x
x→0
1 − cos 2 x
⇒ a = lim
x 2 ( 1 + cos x)
x→0
sin 2 x
⇒ a = lim
x 2 ( 1 + cos x)
x→0
sin 2 x 1
⇒ a = lim × lim
x→0 x2 x→0
1 + cos x
1
⇒ a = 1 × lim 1 + cos x
x→0
1
⇒a=1× 1+1
1
⇒a= 2
Q10. Differentiate the following functions with respect to x:
x
cos − 1 { √x + a } 2 2

Ans: Let y = cos − 1 x

{ √x + a } 2 2

Let x = acotθ
acot θ
⇒ y = cos − 1 { √a cot 2 2 θ + a2
}
acot θ
⇒ y = cos − 1 { √a ( cot 2 2
θ+1)
}
acot θ
⇒ y = sin − 1 ( a cosecθ )
cos θ

⇒ y = cos − 1 ( ) sin θ
1
sin θ

⇒ y = cos − 1(cosθ)
⇒ y=θ
x
⇒ y = cot − 1 ( a ) [Since, x = acotθ ]
Differentiating it with respect to x using chain rule,
dy 1 d x
dx
= x ( )
2 dx a
1+ (a )
dy − a2 1
⇒
dx
=
a2 + x2
× (a )
dy −a
∴ =
dx a + x2
2

Q11. Find dy
dx
y = (tanx) cot x + (cotx) tan x
Ans: Here,
y = (tanx) cot x + (cotx) tan x
cot x tan x
y = e log ( tan x ) + e log ( cot x )
[Since, log ee = 1, loga b = bloga ]
y = e cot xlog tan x + e tan xlog ( cot x )
Differentiating it with respect to x using rule and product rule,
dy d d
dx
= dx (
e cot xlog tan x ) + dx (e tan xlog cot x )
d d
= e cot xlog tan x dx (cotxlogtanx) + e tan xlog cot x dx (tanxlogcotx)
d d d d
= e log [cotx dx logtanx + logtanx dx cotx ] + elog ( cot x ) [tanx dx logcotx + logcotx dx (tanx) ]
( tan x ) cot x tan x

1 d 1 d
= (tanx) cot x [cotx × ( tan x ) dx (tanx) + logtanx( − cosec 2x) ] + (cotx) tan x [tanx ( cot x ) dx (cotx) + logcotx (sec 2x ) ]

= (tanx) cot x [(1) (sec 2x ) − cosec 2xlogtanx ] + (cot) tan x [(1) ( − cosec 2x ) + sec 2xlogcotx ]
dy
dx [ ]
= (tanx) cot x sec 2x − cosec 2xlogtanx + (cot) tan x sec 2xlogcotx − cosec 2x [ ]
Q12. If ysin(x x), prove that dy
dx
= cos(x x) × x x(1 + logx)

Ans: Let y = sin(x x) . . . . . (i)

Also, Let u = x x . . . . . (ii)
Taking log on both sides,
⇒ logu = logx x
⇒ logu = xlogx
Differentiating both sides with respect to x,
1 du d
u dx
=dx
(xlogx)
1 du d d
⇒ u dx
= x dx (logx) + logx dx x
1 du 1
⇒ u dx
= x ( x ) + logx(1)
1 du
⇒ u dx
= 1 + logx
du
⇒ dx
= u(1 + logx)
du
⇒ dx
= x x(1 + logx) . . . . . (iii)
[Using equation (ii)]
Now, using equation (ii) in equation (i),
y = sinu
Differentiating with respect to x,
dy d
dx
= dx
(sinu)
dy du
⇒ = cosu
dx dx
Using equation (ii) and (iii),
dy
dx
= cos(x x) × x x(1 + logx)
Q13.
Show that f(x) =
{ 12x − 13,
2x 2 + 5,
if x ≤ 3
if x > 3
is differentiable at x = 3. Also, find f(3).

Ans:
Given: f(x) =
{ 12x − 13,
2x 2 + 5,
if x ≤ 3
if x > 3
We have to show that the given function is differentiable at x = 3.
We have,
f(x) − f ( 3 )
(LHL at x = 3) = lim x−3
x→3−
12(x) − 13 − 23
= lim x−3
x→3
12x − 36
= lim
x−3
x→3
12 ( x − 3 )
= lim x−3
x→3
= lim 12
x→3
= 12
f(x) − f ( 3 )
(RHL at x = 3) = lim x−3
x→3+
2x 2 + 5 − 23
= lim x−3
x→3
2x 2 − 18
= lim x−3
x→3
2 ( x2 − 9 )
= lim x−3
x→3
= lim 2(x + 3)
x→3
=2×6
= 12
Thus, (LHL at x = 3) = (RHL at x = 3) = 12.
So, f(x) is differentiable at x = 3 and f(3) = 12.
Q14. Differentiate the following w.r.t. x:
(x + 1) 2(x + 2) 3(x + 3) 4
Ans: Let y = (x + 1) 2(x + 2) 3(x + 3) 4
∴ logy = log {(x + 1) 2 ⋅ (x + 2) 3(x + 3) 4 }
= log(x + 1) 2 + log(x + 2) 3 + log(x + 3) 4
d dy d d d
dx [
and dy
logy ⋅ dx
= 2log(x + 1) ] + dx [3log(x + 2) ] + dx [4log(x + 3) ]
1 dy 2 d 1 d 1 d d 1
y
⋅ dx
= (x+1)
⋅ dx
(x + 1) + 3 ⋅ (x+2)
⋅ dx
(x + 2) + 4 ⋅ (x+3)
⋅ dx [
(x + 3) ∵ dx
(logx) = x ]
2 3 4
= [x+1 +
x+2
+
x+3 ]
dy 2 3 4
∴ dx [x+1 + x+2 + x+3 ]
=y
2 3 4
= (x + 1) 2 ⋅ (x + 2) 3 ⋅ (x + 3) 4 [
x+3 ]
+ +
x+1 x+2
= (x + 1) 2 ⋅ (x + 2) 3 ⋅ (x + 3) 4

[ 2(x+2) (x+3) +3(x+1) (x+3) +4(x+1) (x+2)

(x+1) (x+2) (x+3) ]
( x + 1 )2 ( x + 2 )3 ( x + 3 )4
=
(x+1) (x+2) (x+3)
[ 2(x 2 + 5x + 6) + 3(x 2 + 4x + 3) + 4(x 2 + 3x + 2) ]
= (x + 1)(x + 2) 2(x + 3) 3
[2x 2 + 10x + 12 + 3x 2 + 12x + 9 + 4x 2 + 12x + 8 ]
= (x + 1)(x + 2) 2(x + 3) 3 [9x 2 + 34x + 29 ]
Q15. Differentiate the following functions with respect to x:
3x 2sin x

√7 − x 2
Ans: 3x 2sin x
Let y =
√7 − x 2
Differentiate it with respect to x,
dy
dx
=
dx
d
{√ (
3x 2sin x

7 − x2 ) 2
1 }
1 d d 1
( 7 − x 2 ) 2 × dx ( 3x 3sin x ) − ( 3x 2sin x ) dx ( 7 − x 2 ) 2
= 1
[ ( 7 − x2 ) ] 22

[Using quotient rule, chain rule and product rule]

1 d d 1 d
[
( 7 − x 2 ) 2 × 3 x 2 dx ( sin x ) + sin x dx ( x 2 ) ] − 3x2sin x × 2 ( 7 − x2 ) × dx ( 7 − x2 )
[ 1
( 7 − x2 )
1 −1
]
( 7 − x 2 ) 2 3 ( x 2cos x + 2xsin x ) − 3x 2sin x × 2 ( 7 − x 2 )
[ ]
2 ( − 2x )

( 7 − x2 )

[ ]
1 −1
( 7 − x 2 ) 2 × 3 ( x 2cos + 2xsin x ) 3x 2sin x ( 7 − x 2 ) 2
= +
( 7 − x2 ) ( 7 − x2 )

[ 6xsin x + 3x 2cos x

√(7−x
2
)
+
3x 3sin x
3
( 7 − x2 ) 2
]
So,

( √7 − x ) [ ]
d 3x 2sin x 6xsin x + 3x 2cos x 3x 3sin x
dx
+ 3
2
√ ( 7 − x2 ) ( 7 − x2 ) 2

Q16. If the functions f(x), defined below is continuous at x = 0, find the value of k.

{
1 − cos 2x
, x<0
2x 2
f(x) = k, x=0
x
, x>0
|x|

Ans:
 {
1 − cos 2x
, x<0
2x 2
Given, f(x) = k, x=0
x
|x|
, x>0

{
1 − cos 2x
, x<0
2x 2
f(x) = k, x=0
1, x>0

We have,
(LHL at x = 0) = lim f(x) = lim f(0 − h)
x→0− h→0
1 − cos 2 ( − h )
= lim
h→0
( 2 ( − h )2 )
1 − cos 2h
= lim
h→0
( 2h 2 )
1 2sin 2 h
=
2
lim
h→0
( h2 )
2 sin 2 h
= 2
lim
h→0
( h2
)
2 sin 2 h 2
= 2
lim
h→0
( h )
=1×1
=1
(RHL at x = 0) = lim f(x) = lim f(0 + h)
x→0+ h→0
= lim f(h) = lim (1) = 1
h→0 h→0
Also, f(0) = k
If f(x) is continuous at x = 0, then
lim f(x) = lim = f(0)
x→0− x→0+
⇒1=1=k
Hence, the required value of k is 1
Q17. Discuss the continuity and differentiability of the f(x) = |x| + |x - 1| in the interval (-1, 2).
Ans: f(x) = |x| + |x - 1| in the interval (-1, 2).

{
x+ x + 1 −1 < x < 0
f(x) = 1 0≤x≤1
−x − x + 1 1 < x < 2

{
2x + 1 −1 < x < 0
f(x) = 1 0≤x≤1
− 2x + 1 1<x<2
We know that a polynomial and a constant function is continuous and differentiable everywhere.
So, f(x) is continuous and differentiable for x ∈ ( − 1, 0), x ∈ (0, 1) and (1, 2).
We need to check continuitly and differentiability at x = 0 and x = 1
Continuity at x = 0
lim f(x) = lim 2x + 1 = 1
x→0− x→0−
lim f(x) = lim 1 = 1
x→0+ x→0+
f(0) = 1
lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(x)
x→0+ x→0−
∴ f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
Continuity at x = 1
lim f(x) = lim 1 = 1
x→1− x→1−
lim f(x) = lim 1 = 1
x→1+ x→1+
f(x) = 1
lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(1)
x→1− x→1+
∴ f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
Q18. Differentiate the following functions with respect to x:
1 − cos x
log
√ 1 + cos x

Ans: 1 − cos x
Let, y = log
√ 1 + cos x

1 − cos x 1
⇒ y = log ( 1 + cos x ) 2
1 1 − cos x
y = log (
1 + cos x ) [
⇒ Using loga b = bloga ]
2
Differentiate with respect to x we get,
dy d 1 1 − cos x
dx { 2
log (
1 + cos x )}
=
dx
1 1 d 1 − cos x
= × × (
1 − cos x )
2
( ) dx 1 + cos x
1 + cos x
[Using chain rule]
d d
( 1 + cos x ) dx ( 1 − cos x ) − ( 1 − cos x ) dx ( 1 + cos x )
)[ ]
1 1 + cos x
= (
2 1 − cos x ( 1 + cos x ) 2

2 ( 1 − cos x ) [ ]
1 1 + cos x ( 1 + cos x ) ( sin x ) − ( 1 − cos x ) ( − sin x )
= 2
( 1 + cos x )
1 1 + cos x sin x + sin xcos x + sin x − sin xcos x
= 2 ( 1 − cos x )[ ] 2
( 1 + cos x )
1 1 + cos x 2sin x
= (
2 1 − cos x )[ ( 1 + cos x ) ] 2
sin x
= ( 1 − cos x ) ( 1 + cos x )
sin x
=
1 − cos 2 x
sin x
=
sin 2 x
1
=
sin x
= cosec x
So,
d 1 − cos x
dx ( ) = cosec x
log
√ 1 + cos x

Q19. t d 2y π
If x = a(cost + logtan ) and y = a(sint), evaluate at t = .
2 dx 2 3

Ans: We have,
t
x = a(cost + logtan 2 ) and y = a(sint),
On differentiating with respect to t, we get

a cost + logtan 2 )] = a ( − sint + )

dx d t 1 t 1
dt [ (
dt
= t × sec 2 2 × 2
tan 2

(
= a − sint +
2sin 2 cos 2
1
t t ) (
= a − sint +
1
sin t )
− sin 2 t + 1 cos 2 t
=a ( sin t ) = a ( sin t )
And
dy d
dt
= dt
(asint) = acost
dy
dy acos t
( dx )
dt
Now, = dX
= cos 2 t
= tant
dt a sin t
Therefore
d 2y d dy d
dx ( dx )
2 = = dx (tan(t))
dx
d dt sin t
= (tan(t)) × = sec 2t ×
dt dx acos 2 t
sin t
= ( acos t )4

π √3
(3 )
( )
d y 2 sin 8√ 3
( dx )t =
2
π
2
= π
= 1
= a
3 acos 4 ( 3 ) a 16 ( )
π d 2y 8√ 3
Hence, at t = 3 , =
dx 2 a
Q20. dy x x ( 1 + log x ) + y x × log y
x x
If x + y = 1, prove that dx
= − { x × yx − 1 }
Ans: Here,
xx + y x = 1
x x
e log x + e log y = 1
e xlog x + e xlog y = 1
[Since, e log a = a. loga b = bloga ]
Differentiating it with respect to x using product rule and chain rule,
d d d
dx (
e xlog x ) + dx (e xlog y ) = dx
(1)
d d
e xlog x dx (xlogx) + e xlog y dx (xlogy) = 0
d d d d
[ ] [
e xlog x x dx (logx) + logx dx (x) + e log y x dx (logy) + logy dx (x) = 0
x
]
1 1 dy
x x [x ( x ) + logx(1) ] + y x [x ( y ) dx + logy(1) ] = 0
x dy
x x[1 + logx] + y x ( y dx + logy ) = 0
x dy
yx × y dx
= − [x x(1 + logx) + y xlogy ]
dy
(xy x − 1 ) dx = − [x x(1 + logx) + y xlogy ]
dy x x ( 1 + log x ) + y xlog y
dx
= − [ xy x − 1 ]
Q21. If xy + yx = (x + y)x+y, find dy
dx

Ans: Here,
xy + yx = (x + y)x+y
y x (x+y)
e log x + e log y = e log ( x + y )
e ylog x + e xlog y = e ( x + y ) log (x+y)

[Since, e log a = a, loga b = bloga ]

Differentiating it with respect to x using chain rule, product rule,
d d d ( x + y ) log ( x + y )
dx (
⇒ e ylog x ) + dx (e xlog y ) = dx
d dy d d d
[ ] [ ]
⇒ e ylog x y dx (logx) + logx dx + e xlog y x dx logy + logy dx (x) = e ( x + y ) log (x+y)
dx [
(x + y)log(x + y) ]
1 dy x dy d d
⇒ e ylog x [y ( x ) + logx dx ] + e log x [ y dx + logy(1) ] = e log ( x + y ) [(x + y) dx log(x + y) + log(x + y) dx (x + y) ]
(x+y)

y dy x dy 1 d dy
⇒ x y [ x + logx dx ] + y x [ y dx + logy ] = (x + y) ( x + y ) [(x + y) ( x + y ) dx (x + y) + log(x + y) (1 + dx )]
y dy x dy dy dy
⇒ x y × x + x ylogx dx + y x × y dx + y xlogy = (x + y) ( x + y ) [1 × (1 + dx ) + log(x + y) (1 + dx )]
dy dy dy dy
⇒ x y − 1 × y + x ylogx dx + y x − 1 × x dx + y xlogy = (x + y) ( x + y ) + (x + y) ( x + y ) dx + (x + y) ( x + y ) log(x + y) + (x + y) ( x + y ) log(x + y) dx
dy
⇒ dx [xylogx + xyx − 1 − (x + y)x + y(1 + log(x + y)) ] = (x + y)x + y(1 + log(x + y)) − xy − 1 × y − yxlogy
⇒
dy
dx [ ( x + y ) x + y ( 1 + log ( x + y ) ) − x y − 1 × y − y xlog y
x ylog x + xy x − 1 − ( x + y ) x + y ( 1 + log ( x + y ) ) ]
Q22. Discuss the continuity and differentiability of,

{
1

f(x) =
(x − c)cos ( x − c ), x≠0
0, x=0

Ans:
 {
1
f(x) =
(x − c)cos ( x − c ), x≠0
0, x=0

(LHL at x = c) = lim f(x)

x→c−
= lim f( − h)
h→0
1
= lim (c − h − c)cos
h→0
(c−h−c )
1
= lim − hcos −
h→0
( h )
1
= lim − hcos
h→0
(h )
=0
(RHL at x = c) = lim f(x)
x→c+
= lim f(c + h)
h→0
1
= lim (c + h − c)cos
h→0
(c+h−c )
1
= lim − hcos
h→0
(h )
=0
f(c) = 0
Since, LHL = f(x) = RHL at x = c
⇒ f(x) is continuous at x = c
f ( c − h ) − f(c)
(LHL at x = c) = lim −h
h→0
1
( c − h − c ) cos ( c−h−c ) −0
= lim −h
h→0
1
= lim cos −
h→0
( h)
1
= lim cos
h→0
(h )
f ( c + h ) − f(c)
(RHL at x = c) = lim h
h→0
1
( c + h − c ) cos ( c+h−c ) −0
= lim h
h→0
1
hcos (h )
= lim
h
h→0
1
= lim cos
h→0
(h )
(LHL at x = c) = (RHL at x = c)
So,
f(x) is differentiable and continuous at x = c.
Q23. For what value of k is the following function continuous at x = 2
2x + 1 ; x < 2
f(x) = k ; x=2
3x − 1 ; x>2
Ans: For continuity of the function at x = 2
lim f(2 − h) = f(2) = lim f(2 + h)
h→0 h→0
Now, f(2 − h) = 2(2 − h) + 1 = 5 − 2h
∴ lim f(2 − h) = 5
h→0
Also, f(2 + h) = 3(2 + h) − 1 = 5 + 3h
lim f(2 + h) = 5
h→0
So, for continuity f(2) = 5.
∴ k = 5.
Q24. d 2x
If y = x + e x, find .
dy 2

Ans: Here,
y = x + ex
dy
⇒ dx
= 1 + ex
dy 1
⇒ =
dx 1 + ex
2
d y − ex
⇒ =
dx 2 ( 1 + ex )2
dx − ex
= −
dy ( 1 + ex )3
Q25. x2 x3 x4 d 2y
If y = 1 − x + − + + . . . ∞ then write in terms of y.
2! 3! 4! dx 2

Ans: Here,
x2 x3 x4
y=1−x+ 2!
− 3!
+ 4!
+...∞
Thus
dy 2x 3x 2 4x 3
⇒ = −1+ − + ...∞
dx 2! 3! 4!
x2 x3
= −1+x− + ...∞
2! 3!
d 2y 2x 3x 2 4x 3
⇒ =1− + − +...∞
dx 2 2! 3! 4!
d 2y 2x 3x 2 4x 3
⇒ =1− + − +...∞
dx 2 2! 3! 4!
x2 x3
=1−x+ 2!
− 3!
+...∞
=y
Q26. d 2y dy
If y = cotx show that + 2y dx = 0
dx 2

Ans: y = cotx
Differentiating w.r.t.x
dy
⇒ = − cosec 2x
dx
Differentiating w.r.t.x
d 2y dy
⇒ 2 = − [2cosec x( − cosec 2 × cotx)] = − 2 dx . y
dx
d 2y dy
⇒ + 2y =0
dx 2 dx
Hence proved.
Q27. Find dx
dy
in the following:
ax+ by 2 = cosy
Ans: The given relationship is ax+ by 2 = cosy
Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain
d d d
(ax) + (by 2) = (cosy)
dx dx dx
d d
⇒ a+ b (y 2) = (cosy). . . (i)
dx dx
d dy d dy
Using chain rule, we obtain (y 2) = 2y and (cosy) = − siny . . . (ii)
dx dx dx dx
Form (i) and (ii), we obtain
dy dy
a + b × 2y = − siny
dx dx
dy
⇒ (2by + siny) dx = − a
dy -a
∴ =
dx 2by + sin y
Q28. Find the second order derivatives of the function given in Exercise:
x cosx
Ans: Let y = xcosx
dy
∴ dx
= x( − sinx) + cosx.1 = − xsinx + cosx
 d 2y
and = − xcosx − sinx.1 − sinx = − xcosx − 2sinx
dx 2
Q29. d 2y
If x = at2, y = 2at, then find .
dx 2

Ans: Given,
x = at2 and y = 2at
On differentiating both sides w.r.t.t, we get,
dx dy
= 2at and = 2a
dt dt
Therefore,
dy 2a 1
= =
dx 2at t
d 2y d dy dt
dx ( dx ) dx
Now, = ×
dx 2
d 1 1 1 1 1
dt ( t )
= × 2at = − × = −
t2 2at 2at 3
Q30. If f(x) = x + 1 then write the value of d
fof (x).
dx

Ans: Here,
f(x) = x + 1
(fof)(x) = f(f(x))
= f(x + 1)
= (x + 1) + 1
(fof)(x) = x + 2
Differentiating it with respect to x,
d d d
(fof)(x) = (x) + (2)
dx dx dx
=1+0
d
dx
(fof)(x) = 1
Q31. If x and y are connected parametrically by the equations given in Exercise without eliminating the parameter, Find dy
.
dx
x = sint, y = cos2t
Ans: The given equations are x = sin t and y = cos = 2t
dx d
Then, dt
=
dt
(sint) = cost
dy d d
= (cos2t) = − sin2t. (2t) = − 2sin2t
dt dt dt
dy
dy ( dt ) − 2sin 2t − 2.2sin tcos t
∴ dx
= dx = cos t
= cos t
= − 4sint
( dt )
Q32. Form the differential equation representing the family of curves y2 = m(a2 - x2) by eliminating the arbitrary constants ‘m’ and ‘a’.
Ans: The given equation is y 2 = m (a 2 − x 2 ), where m and a are arbitrary constants.
y 2 = m (a 2 − x 2 ) …(i)
Differentiate (i) w.r.t. x,
dy
2y dx = − 2mx …(ii)
y dy
⇒ − 2m = 2 x dx
Differentiate (ii) w.r.t. x,

2 y
[ d 2y
dx 2
+ ( )
dy 2
dx ] = − 2m …(iii)

From (ii)and (iii), we get

2 y
[
d 2y
d 2y
dx 2
+

dy 2
dy
( dx )2 ] = 2 x dx

y dy
y dy

y
dx 2
+ ( ) ( x ) dx = 0
dx
−
d 2y dy y dy
Therefore, the required differential equation is y
dx 2
+ ( dx ) 2 − ( x ) dx = 0
Q33. Differentiate the following with respect to x:
cos − 1(sin x)
Ans: Let f(x) = cos − 1(sinx)
We observe that this function is defined for all real numbers.
f(x) = cos − 1(sinx)
π π
[ ( 2 − x )] = 2 − x
= cos − 1 cos
d π
Thus, f(x) = dx ( 2 − x ) = − 1
Q34. ex
Differentiate the following w.r.t.x:
sin x

Ans: ex
Let y = sin x
d d
dy sin x . dx ( e x ) − e x . dx ( sin x )
∴ =
dx sin 2 x

=
sin x . e x − e x . cos x
sin x2
= ex ( sin x − cos x
sin 2 x )
Q35. Find the values of k so that the function f is continuous at the indicated point:

f(x) = { kx+ 1,
3x − 5,
if x ≤ 5
if x > 5
atx = 5

{
Ans: kx+ 1, if x ≤ 5
Here f(x) = 3x − 5, if x > 5
Lt Lt
x → 5 − f(x) = x → 5 − (kx + 1) = 5k + 1
Lt
x→5+
f(x) = xLt
→5+
(3x − 5) = 15 − 5 = 10
Since f is continuous at x = 1
Lt Lt
∴ x → 5 − f(x) = x → 5 + f(x)
9
∴ 5k + 1 = 10 ⇒ 5k = 9 ⇒ k = 5
Q36. Differentiate the functions with respect to x.
sin(ax + b)
Ans: Let y = sin(ax + b)
dy d
∴ dx
= cos(ax + b) dx (ax + b)
= cos(ax + b)(a + 0) = acos(ax + b)
Q37. 1 − x2 1 − x2 dy
If y = sin − 1
(
1 + x2
) + cos − 1
(
1 + x2
) , find
dx
.

Ans: Here,
1 − x2 1 − x2
y= sin − 1
(
1 + x2
)+ cos − 1
(
1 + x2
)
π
[Since, sin − 1x + cos −1
= 2 ]
So,
π
y=
2
Differentiating it with respect to x,
dy
dx
=0
Q38.

If f(x) =
{ x 2 − 16

k,
x−4
, if x ≠ 4
if x = 4
is continuous at x = 4, find k.

Ans:

Given, f(x) =
{ x 2 − 16

k,

If f(x) is continuous at x = 4, then

x−4
, if x ≠ 4
if x = 4

lim f(x) = f(4)

x→4
x 2 − 16
⇒ lim
x→4
( x−4 )
=k
 (x+4) (x−4)
⇒ lim =k
(x−4)
x→4
⇒ lim (x + 4) = k
x→4
⇒k=8
Q39. Differentiate w.r.t. x the function in Exercise:
(3x 2 − 9x + 5) 9
Ans: Let y = (3x 2 − 9x + 5) 9
Using chain rule, we obtain
dy d
dx
= dx
(3x 2 − 9x + 5) 9
d
= 9(3x 2 − 9x + 5) 8. (3x 2 − 9x + 5)
dx
= 9(3x 2 − 9x + 5) 8. (6x − 9)
= 9(3x 2 − 9x + 5) 8.3(2x − 3)
= 27(3x 2 − 9x + 5) 8.3(2x − 3)
Q40.

{
sin x 2
x
, x≠0
Determine whether f(x) = is continuous at x = 0 or not.
0, x=0

Ans:

Given, f(x) =

We have
{ sin x 2

0,
x
, x≠0
x=0

sin x 2
lim f(x) = lim x
x→0 x→0
xsin x 2
= lim
x→0 x2
sin x 2
= lim lim x
x→0 x2 x → 0

= 1×0
= 0
= f(0)
∴ lim f(x) = f(0)
x→0
Hence, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
Q41. If y = sin − 1(6x 1 − 9x 2), − 1 1 dy
√ 3√ 2
<x<
3√ 2
, then find dx

Ans: y = sin − 1(6x 1 − 9x 2), − 1 1

√ 3√ 2
<x<
3√ 2

put 3x = sin θ
⇒ θ = sin − 13x
y = sin − 1(sin 2θ)
= 2θ
= 2 sin − 13x
dy 6
∴ dx
=
√1 − 9x 2
Q42. If y = sec − 1 x+1 x−1 dy
( x − 1 ) + sin − 1 ( x + 1 ), then write the value of dx .
Ans: We have, y = sec − 1 x + 1 + sin − 1 x − 1
(x−1 ) (x+1 )
x−1 x−1
⇒ y = cos − 1 ( ) + sin − 1 (
x+1 x+1 )
− 1x = cos − 1 1
[ ∵ sec (x )]
π π
⇒ y = 2 [ ∵ sin − 1x + cos − 1x = 2 ]
dy
⇒ dx
=0