5.

Continuity and Differentiability(6-8 Marks)

1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Definition: 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛
1
𝑥
A function 𝐹(𝑥) is a continuous at a 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
2
point 𝑥 = 𝑎 if. [CBSE SQP 2010-21][2
 The left hand limit of 𝑓(𝑥) as 𝑥 Marks]
approaches a equal the right hand 𝑘𝑥
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( )
1−cos 𝑘𝑥 2
limit of 𝑓(𝑥) as 𝑥 approaches a. Sol. lim = lim
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

 A function 𝑓(𝑥) is differentiable 𝑘𝑥

2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( 2 )
2
at a point 𝑥 = 𝑎 if Right hand lim 𝑥
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥→0
derivative equal to left hand 𝑥2

derivative. 𝑘𝑥
2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( 2 ) 𝑘 2
×( )
𝑘𝑥 2 2
Concept 1: Continuous function. (2)
 lim 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥→0 lim0
𝑥→ 𝑥
F = real function
𝑘2
2×1× 4
C = point in the domain of 𝑓 =
1
∵ 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 0
𝑓 is continuous at C if lim 𝐹(𝑥)𝐹(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 ∴ lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0)
𝑥→0
1
 𝐹(𝑥) = , 𝑥 ≠ 0 is continuous 
𝐾2
=
1
𝑥 2 2
Q.1 If the function 𝑓 defined as  𝑘 =1 2

 𝑘 = ±1
𝑥 2 −9
,𝑥 ≠ 3 Q.3 Find the number of points of
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥−3
𝐾, 𝑥=3 discontinuity of junction.
[HOTS][1 Marks]
Is continuous at 𝑥 = 3, find the
4−𝑥 2
value of 𝐾. 𝑓(𝑥) =
4𝑥−𝑥 3

[CBSE Delhi 2020][1 Mark] Sol. Given that,

4−𝑥 2
𝑥 2 −9
𝑓(𝑥) =
4𝑥−𝑥 3
Sol. lim =6 𝐾=0
𝑥→3 𝑥−3 Then it is discontinuous if
Q.2 Find the value (𝑠) of 𝑘 so that  4𝑥 − 𝑥 3 = 0
the following function is  𝑥(4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) = 0
continuous at 𝑥 = 0.  𝑥(2 + 𝑥)(2 − 𝑥) = 0
𝑥 = 0, −2, 2
 The given function is 𝑑 𝑢 𝑑(𝑢) 𝑑()
( )=𝑣 −𝑢
discontinuous at exactly three 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
points. 𝑉2
𝑢′ ? 𝑉 − 𝑢𝑉′
Q.4 Find the value of P for which the =
𝑉2
function [CBSE SQP][2 Marks]
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥
Q.1 Let 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥| for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅,
, 𝑥≠0 check it’s differentiability at
{ 𝑥2
𝑃 ,𝑥 = 0 𝑥 = 0 [CBSE 2020][1 Marks]
Is continuous at 𝑥 = 0. −𝑥 2 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
Sol. lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0) Sol. 𝐹(𝑥) = { 2
𝑥→0
𝑥 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0
4×2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑥 𝐹(𝑥)−𝐹(0)
lim =𝑃 𝑅. 𝐹 ′ (0) = lim+
4𝑥 2 𝑥→0 𝑥−0
𝑥→0
𝑥 2 −0
sin 2𝑥 2 = lim =0
8 lim ( ) =𝑃 𝑥→0+ 𝑥−0
𝑥→0 2𝑥
𝐹(𝑥)−𝐹(0)
𝑃=8 𝐿. 𝐹’ = lim−
𝑥→0 𝑥−0
Q.5 Find the value of k for which the −𝑥 2 −0
= lim =0
function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥→0− 𝑥−0
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
, 𝑥≠
𝜋 𝑅. 𝐹 ′ (0) = 𝐿. 𝐹 ′ (0)
4𝑥−𝜋 4
{ 𝜋  𝐹(𝑥) isdifferentiable at
𝑘 , 𝑥=
4 𝑥=0
[CBSE SQP][2 Marks]. 𝑑𝑌 𝜋
Q.2 Find the value of . At 𝜃 = ,
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝜋 𝑑𝑥 3
Sol. lim𝜋 = 𝑦( )
𝑥→ 4𝑥−𝜋 4 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − cos 2𝜃
4
1
(√2 sin 𝑥−
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − sin 2𝜃
2 √2
lim𝜋 =𝑘 [CBSE 2020][2 Marks]
𝑥→ 4𝑥−𝜋
4 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜋 Sol. = − sin 𝜃 + 2 sin 𝜃
( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ) 𝑑𝜃
lim𝜋 √2 4 4 𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃−2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
,=
𝑥→ 4𝑥 − 𝜋 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃+2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃
4 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑘  = √3.
𝑑𝑥
𝜋
√2 (sin 𝑥− 4 ) Q.3 If 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + (sin 𝑥)𝑥 , find
lim𝜋 𝜋 =𝑘 𝑑𝑦
𝑥→ 4(𝑥− ) [CBSE 2020-21][3 Marks]
4 4
𝑑𝑥

√2
=𝑘 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝑥
4
1 𝑣 = (sin 𝑥) 𝑥
 𝑘=
2√2 𝑦=𝑢+𝑣
Concept 2: Differentiability. 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= + - (1)
𝑑(𝑢𝑣) 𝑑 (𝑣) 𝑑 (𝑢) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=𝑢 +𝑣 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Differentiating both sides w.r.t 𝑥
 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 [𝑥(𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥] Q.5 If 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑥 cos(𝑎 + 𝑦), the is
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
- (2) 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑎
(A)
𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑎+𝑦)
𝑣 = (sin 𝑥) 𝑥 −𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑎
 log 𝑣 = 𝑥 log(sin 𝑥) (B)
𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑎+𝑦)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t 𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑎
(C)
1 𝑑𝑣 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑦
. = 𝑥. cot 𝑥 + log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥). −𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑎
𝑣 𝑑𝑥 (D)
𝑑𝑣 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑦
= (𝑠𝑖𝑛)𝑥 [𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 +
𝑑𝑥 [CBSE Term –I 2021][1 Mark].
log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)] − (3) Sol. Option (A)
𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑎
is
𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑎+𝑦)
Subtitute e𝑞 𝑛 (2), e𝑞 𝑛 (3) in e𝑞 𝑛
(1). correct.
𝑑𝑦 Concept 3: Derivatives of logarithmic
 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 [sin 2𝑥 +
𝑑𝑥 and exponential functions.
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥] + (i) log 𝑎 𝑚𝑛 = log 𝑎 𝑚 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑛
(sin 𝑥) 𝑥 [𝑥 cot 𝑥 + log(sin 𝑥)]. 𝑚
(ii) log 𝑎 = log 𝑎 𝑚 − log 𝑎 𝑛
𝑛
Value of
𝑑𝑦 (iii) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑚𝑛 = 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑚
is 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 [sin 2𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ]+ (iv) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑎 = 1
𝑑𝑥
(sin 𝑥)𝑥 [𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)]. Q.1 Differentiate 𝑒 √3𝑥 , with resptect
√1+𝑥+√1−𝑥
Q.4 if 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) , then to x. [CBSE 2019][1 Mark].
2
𝑑𝑦 −1 𝑑(𝑒 √3𝑥 ) √3
show that = . Sol. = 𝑒 √3𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2√1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥
2𝑥
[CBSE 2020][2 Marks] Q.2 If 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑒 + 𝑏 𝑒 −𝑥 , then show
√1+𝑥+√1−𝑥 𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Sol. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) that − − 2𝑦 = 0.
2 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
Put 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 [CBSE SQP 2020-21][2 Marks].
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+√1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 Sol. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 - (1)
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑑𝑦
2
𝜃 𝜃
= 2𝑎𝑒 2𝑥 − 𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 - (2)
2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ( 2 )+𝜆𝑠𝑖𝑛2 3 𝑑𝑥
−1 𝑑2𝑦
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛
2 = 4𝑎𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 - (3)
𝜃 𝜃 𝑑𝑥 2
(𝑐𝑜𝑠 +𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 √2 −1 2 2 Putting the value of L.H.S
2
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 +
𝜃 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
𝜃 = − − 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
√2 2 √2 2
𝜋 𝜃 𝜋 𝜃 = (4𝑎𝑒 2𝑥
+ 𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 ) −
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ) (2𝑎𝑒 2𝑥 − 𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 ) −
4 2 4 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 sin
 𝜃 𝜃
2(𝑎𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 )
+
4 2 = 4𝑎𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 − 2𝑎𝑒 2𝑥 +
𝜋 1
𝑦= + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥. 𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 − 2𝑎𝑒 2𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑒 −𝑥
4 2

𝑑𝑦 1
= −
1
=
−1 =0
𝑑𝑥 2 √1−𝑥 2 2√−𝑥 2
Q.3 Find the differential of 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 2𝑎 cos (
𝐴+𝐵
) cos (
𝐴−𝐵
)
2 2
w.r.t 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 . 𝐴−𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
[CBSE Delhi 2020][2 Marks].  cos ( ) = 𝑎 sin ( )
2 2
Sol. Let 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 and Z = 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥  cos (
𝐴−𝐵
) = 𝑎 sin (
𝐴−𝐵
)
𝑑𝑦 2 2
 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝐴−𝐵
𝑑𝑥  cot ( )=𝑎
2
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴−𝐵
𝑑𝑍 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑎
2
= −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥. 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑎

𝑑𝑦
=
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 −1 𝑦 =
𝑑𝑧 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑒
−2 cos 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑎
=
𝑒 cos 𝑥 Differentiating w.r.t 𝑥
1 1 𝑑𝑦
Q.4 Find the derivative of 𝑥 log 𝑥 w.r.t − =0
√1−𝑥 2 √1−𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
x. 𝑑𝑦 √1−𝑦 2
 =
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2
[ CBSE OD Set- II 2020 ]
[ 2 Marks ] Concept 4: Derivatives of expressed
Sol. Let 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 and forms.
𝑣 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 Q.1 If 𝑥 √1 + 𝑦 + 𝑦√1 + 𝑥 = 0 and
Now, 𝑥 ≠ 𝑦 Prove that
𝑑𝑦 −1
𝐿𝑜𝑔 𝑢 = (log 𝑥)2 =
1 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥+1)2

= 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥. [CBSE OD Set–I 2019][3 Marks]
𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
 𝑑𝑢 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
= 𝑥 Sol. 𝑥 √1 + 𝑦 + 𝑦√1 + 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑣 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥  𝑥 √1 + 𝑦 = −𝑦 √1 + 𝑥
𝑑𝑣 1 Squaring to get:
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 (1 + 𝑦) = 𝑦 2 (1 + 𝑥)
 𝑑𝑢
= 2. 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥. Simplify to get:
𝑑𝑣
(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦) = 0
Q.5 If√1 − 𝑥 2 + √1 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥
𝑦) then prove that As, 𝑥 ± 𝑦 
1+𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −1 (1+𝑥)−(−𝑥).1 −1
𝑑𝑦 √1−𝑦 2 = =
= 𝑑𝑥 (1+𝑥)2 (1+𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2
[CBSE SQP 2020-21][3 Marks] Q.2 If 𝑦 = (𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 2 𝑥) , Prove that
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Sol. √1 − 𝑥 2 + √1 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑦) (1 − 𝑥 2) 2 −𝑥 − 2 = 0.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Let 𝑥 = sin 𝐴, 𝑦 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 [CBSE Delhi Set-I 2019][3
√1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴
+ √1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐵 = Marks]
1
𝑎(𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝐵) Sol. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥.
√1−𝑥 2
𝐴+𝐵 A−B
 2 𝑐𝑝𝑠 ( ) cos ( )  √1 − 𝑥 𝑌 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥
2 ′
2 2
 1 𝑑2𝑦
 √1 − 𝑥 2 . 𝑌" + 𝑌′. Q.5 If 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 5𝑛 + 𝐵𝑒 −5𝑥 , then is
2√1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2
2 equal to:
(−2𝑥) =
√1−𝑥 2
(A) 25𝑦
 (1 − 𝑥 2 ). 𝑌" − 𝑥𝑦′ = 2
(B) 5Y
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(1 − 𝑥 2 ). −𝑥 −2 =0 (C) −25𝑌
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 𝑑2𝑦 (D) 15𝑌
Q.3 If 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 ( 2 ), then
𝑒 𝑑𝑥 2 [CBSE 2020]
Equals: Sol. Option (A) 25𝑌 is correct.
−1
(A) Concept 5: Revised topics
𝑥
−1 𝑑𝑦
(B) Q.1 If (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)4 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛)𝑥 find
𝑥2 𝑑𝑥
2 [CBSE 2019][3 Marks]
(C)
𝑥2
−2 Sol. (cos 𝑥) 𝑦 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛)𝑥 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛
(D) Taking log on both sides
𝑥2
[CBSE Delhi Set II, 2020][1 𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) = 𝑥 log(sin 𝑦)
Mark] Differentiating w.r.t 𝑥
𝑥2 𝑑
Sol. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 ( 2 )
𝑒
 𝑦 [log(cos 𝑥)] +
𝑑𝑥
2 𝑑 (𝑦)
𝑦 = 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑒 log(cos 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 − 2 𝑑
𝑑𝑦 2  𝑥 [log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦)] +
= 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑 (𝑥)
𝑑2𝑦 −2 log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦) .
 = (D) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥2 − sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
 𝑦( ) + log (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
Q.4 If 𝑦 = sin(𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥)then which cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
of the following equation is true?  𝑥( ) + log(sin 𝑦). 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(A) (1 − 𝑥 2 ) +𝑥 +  −𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + log(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝑑𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑚2 𝑦 = 0 𝑥 cot 𝑦.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(B) (1 − 𝑥 2 ) 2 −𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + log (sin 𝑦)
𝑚2 𝑦 = 0 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 → (log(cos 𝑥) −
(C) (1 + 𝑥 2 ) −𝑥 −
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑚 𝑦=02 𝑥 cot 𝑦 )=
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
(d) (1 + 𝑥 2) 2 +𝑥 − log(sin 𝑦) + 𝑦 tan 𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 log(sin 𝑦)+𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑚2 𝑦 = 0 → = .
𝑑𝑥 log(cos 𝑥)−𝑥 cot 𝑦
[CBSE Term-I 2020][1 Mark] 2 2 2
Q.2 If (𝑥 − 𝑎) + (𝑦 − 𝑏) = 𝑐 for
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Sol. Option (B) (1 − 𝑥 2) 2 −𝑥 + some 𝐶 > 0, prove that
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑚 𝑦=0
 𝑑𝑦 2
3⁄
2 2𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥
[1+( ) ]
𝑑𝑥
is constant Hence
𝑑2 𝑦
𝑑𝑥2 𝑌 = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥
independent of a and b. log 𝑌 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + log(𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥)
[CBSE OD Set-I 2019][3 Marks] 1 𝑑𝑦
× = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +
Sol. (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑐 2 , 𝑐 > 0 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1 −1
2(𝑥 − 𝑎) + 2(𝑦 − 𝑏).
𝑑𝑦
=0 ×
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 √1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥−𝑎 1
 = = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 −
𝑑𝑥 𝑦−𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥√1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
= 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 [sin 2𝑥 −
𝑑 2 𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑏) − (𝑥 − 𝑎). 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 2 (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 1
2
]
−𝑐 𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥√1−𝑥 3
= 2
(By substituion. ) Q.4 If a function 𝑓 defined by
(𝑦 − 𝑏) 𝑑𝑥
𝑘 cos 𝑥 𝜋
3
2 ⁄2 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠
𝑑𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝜋−2𝑥 2
𝜋
[1 + ( ) ] 3 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 4
3⁄ 𝜋
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 2 Is continuous at 𝑥 = , then the
2
[1 + ]
(𝑦 − 𝑏)2 value of k is:
=
−𝑐 2 (A) 2
(𝑦 − 𝑏)2 (B) 3
𝑐3 (C) 6
(𝑦 − 𝑏)3 (D) -6
= = −𝑐
𝑐2 [CBSE Term –I 2021][1 Mark]
− 3
(𝑦 − 𝑏)
Sol. Option (C) 6 is correct.
Which is a constant independent
Q.5 The function 𝑓(𝑥) =
of ‘a’ and ‘b’. 𝑒 3𝑥 −𝑒 −5𝑥
𝑑𝑦 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 0
Q.3 Find , if 𝑦 = { 𝑥 is continuous
𝑑𝑥
𝑘 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
2 1−𝑥
𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 {2 𝑡𝑛𝑎−1 √ }. at 𝑥 = 0 for the value of k as:
1+𝑥
(A) 3 (B) 5
[HOTS][5 Marks] (C) 6 (D) 8
Sol. Putting 𝑥 = [CBSE Term – I 2021][1 Mark]
1−𝑥 Sol. Option (D) 8 is correct.
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 𝑖𝑛 {2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √ }.
1+𝑥
Q.6 Differential of 𝑙𝑜𝑔[(log 𝑥 5 )] w.r.t
1−cos 2𝜃 x is:
2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √ ,
1+cos 2𝜃
[CBSE 2021][1 Mark]
2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 Sol. 𝑙𝑜𝑔[(log 𝑥 5 )] w.r.t 𝑥
2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 5
−1 𝑥 log(𝑥 5 )log (log 𝑥 5 )
2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (tan 𝜃)
Concept 6: Assertion – Reason Based Q.5 For what values of λ, is the
Questions. function.
Q.1 Assertion (A): Let 𝑦 = 𝑡 10 + 1 𝜆(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥), 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑑2𝑦 4𝑥 + 1 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0
and 𝑥 = 𝑡 8 + 1, the = 20𝑡 8
𝑑𝑥 2 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0?
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Reason (R): = ( ) . Q.6 Write the derivative of 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 w.r.t
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
Sol. (A) Both A and R are true, and R 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥.
is the correct explanation of A. Q.7 If cos 𝑌 = 𝑥 cos(𝑎 + 𝑌), where
Q.2 Assertion (A): The derivative of cos 𝑎 ≠ ±1. Prove that
3 𝑑𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑎+𝑌)
𝑒 𝑥3 w.r.t log 𝑥 is 3𝑥 3 𝑒 𝑥 . =
𝑑𝑥 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑎
Reason (R): The derivative of −1
3 3 Q.8 If 𝑌 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 {𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 −
𝑒 𝑥 w.r.t log 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 3𝑥 3 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 2 .
√𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 }
Sol. Option (C) A is true but R is 𝑑𝑦
false. 0 < 𝑥 < 1, find .
𝑑𝑥
Q.3 Function 𝐹(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 is 𝑥
Q.9 If 𝑒 + 𝑒 = 𝑒 𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
; Prove that
continuous at 𝑥 = 0 value of 𝑑𝑦 𝑦−𝑥
+𝑒 =0
𝑑𝑥
𝐹(0) is e. 𝑡
Reason (R): Apply L-Hospital Q.10 If 𝑥 = 𝑎 (cos 𝑡 + log tan ),
2
rule to find the value of 𝑓(0). 𝑑2𝑦 𝜋
𝑦 = a sin 𝑡 evaluate 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 .
𝑑𝑥 2 3
Sol. (A) Both A and R are true, and R
is the correct explanation of A.
Practice Questions: Most Important Questions
Q.1 Write the set of point of of Ncert.
continuity of
𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 + 1|. Q.1 Prove that the function
Q.2 What is derivative of |𝒙 − 𝟑| at defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 is
𝑥 = −1. a continuous function.
Q.3 For what value of K. 𝑓(𝑥) =
tan 3𝑥 Q.2 For what value of λ is the
𝑥≠0
{ sin 2𝑥 function defined by
2𝑘 𝑥=0
is continuous, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.
Q.4 For what value of a and b
𝑥+2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) =
+ 𝑎 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < −2
|𝑥+2| 𝜆(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥), 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎+𝑏 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = −2 {
4𝑥 + 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0
𝑥+2
{ |𝑥+2| + 2𝑏 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 2 Continuous at 𝑥 = 0? What
Is continuous at 𝑥 = −2.
about continuity at 𝑥 = 1?
 𝑘 cos 𝑥
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠
𝜋 Q.11 If 𝑒 𝑦 (𝑥 + 1) = 1, show that
𝜋−2𝑥 2
Q.3 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝜋 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
3, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 2
= (𝑑𝑥 )
2
𝜋
at 𝑥 = Q.12 If 𝑦 = (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥)2 , show that
2

Q.4 Prove that the greatest (𝑥 2 + 1)2 + 2𝑥(𝑥 2 +

integer function defined by 1) 𝑦1 = 2
Mean Value Theorem
𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥], 0 < 𝑥 < 3 In this section, we will state two
is not differentiable at 𝑥 = fundamental results in Calculus
1 and 𝑥 = 2. ……. Shall also learn the geometric
interpretation of these theorems.
Q.5 Find the derivative of the
function given by 𝑓(𝑥) = Theorem 6 (Rolle’s Theorem) Let
(1 + 𝑥)(1 + 𝑥 2 )(1 + 𝑓 ∶ [𝑎, 𝑏] → 𝑹 be continuous.
𝑥 4 )(1 + 𝑥 3 ) and hence find Then there exists some c in (a, b)
𝑓 ′ (1). such that 𝑓’ (𝑐) = 0

−1 𝑡 −1 𝑡 Q.13 If 𝐴𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 𝑛𝑥 , show that

Q.6 If = √𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 , 𝑦 = √𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 , 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2
− (𝑚 + 𝑛) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑚𝑛𝑦 =
show that = −
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
0
−1 𝑑2𝑦
Q.7 If 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥, Find 𝑑𝑥 2
in terms Q.14 If 𝑦 = 500𝑒 7𝑥 + 600𝑒 −7𝑥 ,
of 𝑦 alone. 𝑑2 𝑦
show that 𝑑𝑥 2 = 46𝑦
Q.8 If 𝑦 = 3 cos(log 𝑥) +
Q.15 If (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑐 2 ,
4 sin(log 𝑥), show that
for some 𝑐 > 0, Prove that
𝑥 2 𝑦2 + 𝑥𝑦1 + 𝑦 = text
missing
3
Q.9 If 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 𝑛𝑥 , show 𝑑𝑦 2 2
1+[( ) ]
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
that − (𝑚 + 𝑛) + 𝑑2 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥2
𝑚𝑛𝑦 = 0
Is a constant independent of
Q.10 If 𝑦 = 500𝑒 7𝑥 + 600𝑒 −7𝑥 ,
𝑑2 𝑦
a and b
show that 𝑑𝑥 2 = 49𝑦