APPENDIX | TABLES

TA B LE 1 Exact binomial probabilities Pr(X = k) = pkqn–k

n k .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50

2 0 .9025 .8100 .7225 .6400 .5625 .4900 .4225 .3600 .3025 .2500
1 .0950 .1800 .2550 .3200 .3750 .4200 .4550 .4800 .4950 .5000
2 .0025 .0100 .0225 .0400 .0625 .0900 .1225 .1600 .2025 .2500
3 0 .8574 .7290 .6141 .5120 .4219 .3430 .2746 .2160 .1664 .1250
1 .1354 .2430 .3251 .3840 .4219 .4410 .4436 .4320 .4084 .3750
2 .0071 .0270 .0574 .0960 .1406 .1890 .2389 .2880 .3341 .3750
3 .0001 .0010 .0034 .0080 .0156 .0270 .0429 .0640 .0911 .1250
4 0 .8145 .6561 .5220 .4096 .3164 .2401 .1785 .1296 .0915 .0625
1 .1715 .2916 .3685 .4096 .4219 .4116 .3845 .3456 .2995 .2500
2 .0135 .0486 .0975 .1536 .2109 .2646 .3105 .3456 .3675 .3750
3 .0005 .0036 .0115 .0256 .0469 .0756 .1115 .1536 .2005 .2500
4 .0000 .0001 .0005 .0016 .0039 .0081 .0150 .0256 .0410 .0625
5 0 .7738 .5905 .4437 .3277 .2373 .1681 .1160 .0778 .0503 .0313
1 .2036 .3280 .3915 .4096 .3955 .3602 .3124 .2592 .2059 .1563
2 .0214 .0729 .1382 .2048 .2637 .3087 .3364 .3456 .3369 .3125
3 .0011 .0081 .0244 .0512 .0879 .1323 .1811 .2304 .2757 .3125
4 .0000 .0004 .0022 .0064 .0146 .0283 .0488 .0768 .1128 .1563
5 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0003 .0010 .0024 .0053 .0102 .0185 .0313
6 0 .7351 .5314 .3771 .2621 .1780 .1176 .0754 .0467 .0277 .0156
1 .2321 .3543 .3993 .3932 .3560 .3025 .2437 .1866 .1359 .0938
2 .0305 .0984 .1762 .2458 .2966 .3241 .3280 .3110 .2780 .2344
3 .0021 .0146 .0415 .0819 .1318 .1852 .2355 .2765 .3032 .3125
4 .0001 .0012 .0055 .0154 .0330 .0595 .0951 .1382 .1861 .2344
5 .0000 .0001 .0004 .0015 .0044 .0102 .0205 .0369 .0609 .0938
6 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0007 .0018 .0041 .0083 .0156
7 0 .6983 .4783 .3206 .2097 .1335 .0824 .0490 .0280 .0152 .0078
1 .2573 .3720 .3960 .3670 .3115 .2471 .1848 .1306 .0872 .0547
2 .0406 .1240 .2097 .2753 .3115 .3177 .2985 .2613 .2140 .1641
3 .0036 .0230 .0617 .1147 .1730 .2269 .2679 .2903 .2918 .2734
4 .0002 .0026 .0109 .0287 .0577 .0972 .1442 .1935 .2388 .2734
5 .0000 .0002 .0012 .0043 .0115 .0250 .0466 .0774 .1172 .1641
6 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0004 .0013 .0036 .0084 .0172 .0320 .0547
7 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0006 .0016 .0037 .0078
8 0 .6634 .4305 .2725 .1678 .1001 .0576 .0319 .0168 .0084 .0039
1 .2793 .3826 .3847 .3355 .2670 .1977 .1373 .0896 .0548 .0313
2 .0515 .1488 .2376 .2936 .3115 .2965 .2587 .2090 .1569 .1094
3 .0054 .0331 .0839 .1468 .2076 .2541 .2786 .2787 .2568 .2188

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867

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
868 APPENDIX Tables

TABLE 1 Exact binomial probabilities Pr(X = k) = pkqn–k (continued)

n k .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50

4 .0004 .0046 .0185 .0459 .0865 .1361 .1875 .2322 .2627 .2734
5 .0000 .0004 .0026 .0092 .0231 .0467 .0808 .1239 .1719 .2188
6 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0011 .0038 .0100 .0217 .0413 .0703 .1094
7 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0004 .0012 .0033 .0079 .0164 .0313
8 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0007 .0017 .0039
9 0 .6302 .3874 .2316 .1342 .0751 .0404 .0207 .0101 .0046 .0020
1 .2985 .3874 .3679 .3020 .2253 .1556 .1004 .0605 .0339 .0176
2 .0629 .1722 .2597 .3020 .3003 .2668 .2162 .1612 .1110 .0703
3 .0077 .0446 .1069 .1762 .2336 .2668 .2716 .2508 .2119 .1641
4 .0006 .0074 .0283 .0661 .1168 .1715 .2194 .2508 .2600 .2461
5 .0000 .0008 .0050 .0165 .0389 .0735 .1181 .1672 .2128 .2461
6 .0000 .0001 .0006 .0028 .0087 .0210 .0424 .0743 .1160 .1641
7 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0012 .0039 .0098 .0212 .0407 .0703
8 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0004 .0013 .0035 .0083 .0176
9 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0003 .0008 .0020
10 0 .5987 .3487 .1969 .1074 .0563 .0282 .0135 .0060 .0025 .0010
1 .3151 .3874 .3474 .2684 .1877 .1211 .0725 .0403 .0207 .0098
2 .0746 .1937 .2759 .3020 .2816 .2335 .1757 .1209 .0763 .0439
3 .0105 .0574 .1298 .2013 .2503 .2668 .2522 .2150 .1665 .1172
4 .0010 .0112 .0401 .0881 .1460 .2001 .2377 .2508 .2384 .2051
5 .0001 .0015 .0085 .0264 .0584 .1029 .1536 .2007 .2340 .2461
6 .0000 .0001 .0012 .0055 .0162 .0368 .0689 .1115 .1596 .2051
7 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0008 .0031 .0090 .0212 .0425 .0746 .1172
8 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0004 .0014 .0043 .0106 .0229 .0439
9 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0005 .0016 .0042 .0098
10 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0003 .0010
11 0 .5688 .3138 .1673 .0859 .0422 .0198 .0088 .0036 .0014 .0005
1 .3293 .3835 .3248 .2362 .1549 .0932 .0518 .0266 .0125 .0054
2 .0867 .2131 .2866 .2953 .2581 .1998 .1395 .0887 .0513 .0269
3 .0137 .0710 .1517 .2215 .2581 .2568 .2254 .1774 .1259 .0806
4 .0014 .0158 .0536 .1107 .1721 .2201 .2428 .2365 .2060 .1611
5 .0001 .0025 .0132 .0388 .0803 .1321 .1830 .2207 .2360 .2256
6 .0000 .0003 .0023 .0097 .0268 .0566 .0985 .1471 .1931 .2256
7 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0017 .0064 .0173 .0379 .0701 .1128 .1611
8 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0011 .0037 .0102 .0234 .0462 .0806
9 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0005 .0018 .0052 .0126 .0269
10 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0007 .0021 .0054
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0005
12 0 .5404 .2824 .1422 .0687 .0317 .0138 .0057 .0022 .0008 .0002
1 .3413 .3766 .3012 .2062 .1267 .0712 .0368 .0174 .0075 .0029
2 .0988 .2301 .2924 .2835 .2323 .1678 .1088 .0639 .0339 .0161
3 .0173 .0852 .1720 .2362 .2581 .2397 .1954 .1419 .0923 .0537
4 .0021 .0213 .0683 .1329 .1936 .2311 .2367 .2128 .1700 .1208
5 .0002 .0038 .0193 .0532 .1032 .1585 .2039 .2270 .2225 .1934
6 .0000 .0005 .0040 .0155 .0401 .0792 .1281 .1766 .2124 .2256
7 .0000 .0000 .0006 .0033 .0115 .0291 .0591 .1009 .1489 .1934
8 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0005 .0024 .0078 .0199 .0420 .0762 .1208
9 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0004 .0015 .0048 .0125 .0277 .0537
10 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0008 .0025 .0068 .0161
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0003 .0010 .0029
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002
13 0 .5133 .2542 .1209 .0550 .0238 .0097 .0037 .0013 .0004 .0001
1 .3512 .3672 .2774 .1787 .1029 .0540 .0259 .0113 .0045 .0016
2 .1109 .2448 .2937 .2680 .2059 .1388 .0836 .0453 .0220 .0095
3 .0214 .0997 .1900 .2457 .2517 .2181 .1651 .1107 .0660 .0349
4 .0028 .0277 .0838 .1535 .2097 .2337 .2222 .1845 .1350 .0873
5 .0003 .0055 .0266 .0691 .1258 .1803 .2154 .2214 .1989 .1571

(continued on next page)

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 APPENDIX Tables 869

TA B LE 1 Exact binomial probabilities Pr(X = k) = pkqn–k (continued)

n k .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50

6 .0000 .0008 .0063 .0230 .0559 .1030 .1546 .1968 .2169 .2095
7 .0000 .0001 .0011 .0058 .0186 .0442 .0833 .1312 .1775 .2095
8 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0011 .0047 .0142 .0336 .0656 .1089 .1571
9 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0009 .0034 .0101 .0243 .0495 .0873
10 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0006 .0022 .0065 .0162 .0349
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0003 .0012 .0036 .0095
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0005 .0016
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001
14 0 .4877 .2288 .1028 .0440 .0178 .0068 .0024 .0008 .0002 .0001
1 .3593 .3559 .2539 .1539 .0832 .0407 .0181 .0073 .0027 .0009
2 .1229 .2570 .2912 .2501 .1802 .1134 .0634 .0317 .0141 .0056
3 .0259 .1142 .2056 .2501 .2402 .1943 .1366 .0845 .0462 .0222
4 .0037 .0349 .0998 .1720 .2202 .2290 .2022 .1549 .1040 .0611
5 .0004 .0078 .0352 .0860 .1468 .1963 .2178 .2066 .1701 .1222
6 .0000 .0013 .0093 .0322 .0734 .1262 .1759 .2066 .2088 .1833
7 .0000 .0002 .0019 .0092 .0280 .0618 .1082 .1574 .1952 .2095
8 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0020 .0082 .0232 .0510 .0918 .1398 .1833
9 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0018 .0066 .0183 .0408 .0762 .1222
10 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0014 .0049 .0136 .0312 .0611
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0010 .0033 .0093 .0222
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0005 .0019 .0056
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0009
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001
15 0 .4633 .2059 .0874 .0352 .0134 .0047 .0016 .0005 .0001 .0000
1 .3658 .3432 .2312 .1319 .0668 .0305 .0126 .0047 .0016 .0005
2 .1348 .2669 .2856 .2309 .1559 .0916 .0476 .0219 .0090 .0032
3 .0307 .1285 .2184 .2501 .2252 .1700 .1110 .0634 .0318 .0139
4 .0049 .0428 .1156 .1876 .2252 .2186 .1792 .1268 .0780 .0417
5 .0006 .0105 .0449 .1032 .1651 .2061 .2123 .1859 .1404 .0916
6 .0000 .0019 .0132 .0430 .0917 .1472 .1906 .2066 .1914 .1527
7 .0000 .0003 .0030 .0138 .0393 .0811 .1319 .1771 .2013 .1964
8 .0000 .0000 .0005 .0035 .0131 .0348 .0710 .1181 .1647 .1964
9 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0007 .0034 .0116 .0298 .0612 .1048 .1527
10 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0007 .0030 .0096 .0245 .0515 .0916
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0006 .0024 .0074 .0191 .0417
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0004 .0016 .0052 .0139
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0003 .0010 .0032
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0005
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
16 0 .4401 .1853 .0743 .0281 .0100 .0033 .0010 .0003 .0001 .0000
1 .3706 .3294 .2097 .1126 .0535 .0228 .0087 .0030 .0009 .0002
2 .1463 .2745 .2775 .2111 .1336 .0732 .0353 .0150 .0056 .0018
3 .0359 .1423 .2285 .2463 .2079 .1465 .0888 .0468 .0215 .0085
4 .0061 .0514 .1311 .2001 .2252 .2040 .1553 .1014 .0572 .0278
5 .0008 .0137 .0555 .1201 .1802 .2099 .2008 .1623 .1123 .0667
6 .0001 .0028 .0180 .0550 .1101 .1649 .1982 .1983 .1684 .1222
7 .0000 .0004 .0045 .0197 .0524 .1010 .1524 .1889 .1969 .1746
8 .0000 .0001 .0009 .0055 .0197 .0487 .0923 .1417 .1812 .1964
9 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0012 .0058 .0185 .0442 .0840 .1318 .1746
10 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0014 .0056 .0167 .0392 .0755 .1222
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0013 .0049 .0142 .0337 .0667
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0011 .0040 .0115 .0278
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0008 .0029 .0085
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0005 .0018
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000

(continued on next page)

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
870 APPENDIX Tables

TAB LE 1 Exact binomial probabilities Pr(X = k) = pkqn–k (continued)

n k .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50

17 0 .4181 .1668 .0631 .0225 .0075 .0023 .0007 .0002 .0000 .0000
1 .3741 .3150 .1893 .0957 .0426 .0169 .0060 .0019 .0005 .0001
2 .1575 .2800 .2673 .1914 .1136 .0581 .0260 .0102 .0035 .0010
3 .0415 .1556 .2359 .2393 .1893 .1245 .0701 .0341 .0144 .0052
4 .0076 .0605 .1457 .2093 .2209 .1868 .1320 .0796 .0411 .0182
5 .0010 .0175 .0668 .1361 .1914 .2081 .1849 .1379 .0875 .0472
6 .0001 .0039 .0236 .0680 .1276 .1784 .1991 .1839 .1432 .0944
7 .0000 .0007 .0065 .0267 .0668 .1201 .1685 .1927 .1841 .1484
8 .0000 .0001 .0014 .0084 .0279 .0644 .1134 .1606 .1883 .1855
9 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0021 .0093 .0276 .0611 .1070 .1540 .1855
10 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0004 .0025 .0095 .0263 .0571 .1008 .1484
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0005 .0026 .0090 .0242 .0525 .0944
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0006 .0024 .0081 .0215 .0472
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0005 .0021 .0068 .0182
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0004 .0016 .0052
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0003 .0010
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001
17 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
18 0 .3972 .1501 .0536 .0180 .0056 .0016 .0004 .0001 .0000 .0000
1 .3763 .3002 .1704 .0811 .0338 .0126 .0042 .0012 .0003 .0001
2 .1683 .2835 .2556 .1723 .0958 .0458 .0190 .0069 .0022 .0006
3 .0473 .1680 .2406 .2297 .1704 .1046 .0547 .0246 .0095 .0031
4 .0093 .0700 .1592 .2153 .2130 .1681 .1104 .0614 .0291 .0117
5 .0014 .0218 .0787 .1507 .1988 .2017 .1664 .1146 .0666 .0327
6 .0002 .0052 .0301 .0816 .1436 .1873 .1941 .1655 .1181 .0708
7 .0000 .0010 .0091 .0350 .0820 .1376 .1792 .1892 .1657 .1214
8 .0000 .0002 .0022 .0120 .0376 .0811 .1327 .1734 .1864 .1669
9 .0000 .0000 .0004 .0033 .0139 .0386 .0794 .1284 .1694 .1855
10 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0008 .0042 .0149 .0385 .0771 .1248 .1669
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0010 .0046 .0151 .0374 .0742 .1214
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0012 .0047 .0145 .0354 .0708
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0012 .0045 .0134 .0327
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0011 .0039 .0117
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0009 .0031
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0006
17 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001
18 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
19 0 .3774 .1351 .0456 .0144 .0042 .0011 .0003 .0001 .0000 .0000
1 .3774 .2852 .1529 .0685 .0268 .0093 .0029 .0008 .0002 .0000
2 .1787 .2852 .2428 .1540 .0803 .0358 .0138 .0046 .0013 .0003
3 .0533 .1796 .2428 .2182 .1517 .0869 .0422 .0175 .0062 .0018
4 .0112 .0798 .1714 .2182 .2023 .1491 .0909 .0467 .0203 .0074
5 .0018 .0266 .0907 .1636 .2023 .1916 .1468 .0933 .0497 .0222
6 .0002 .0069 .0374 .0955 .1574 .1916 .1844 .1451 .0949 .0518
7 .0000 .0014 .0122 .0443 .0974 .1525 .1844 .1797 .1443 .0961
8 .0000 .0002 .0032 .0166 .0487 .0981 .1489 .1797 .1771 .1442
9 .0000 .0000 .0007 .0051 .0198 .0514 .0980 .1464 .1771 .1762
10 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0013 .0066 .0220 .0528 .0976 .1449 .1762
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0018 .0077 .0233 .0532 .0970 .1442
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0004 .0022 .0083 .0237 .0529 .0961
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0005 .0024 .0085 .0233 .0518
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0006 .0024 .0082 .0222
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0005 .0022 .0074
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0005 .0018
17 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0003

(continued on next page)

Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 APPENDIX Tables 871

TA B LE 1 Exact binomial probabilities Pr(X = k) = pkqn–k (continued)

n k .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50

18 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
19 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
20 0 .3585 .1216 .0388 .0115 .0032 .0008 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3774 .2702 .1368 .0576 .0211 .0068 .0020 .0005 .0001 .0000
2 .1887 .2852 .2293 .1369 .0669 .0278 .0100 .0031 .0008 .0002
3 .0596 .1901 .2428 .2054 .1339 .0716 .0323 .0123 .0040 .0011
4 .0133 .0898 .1821 .2182 .1897 .1304 .0738 .0350 .0139 .0046
5 .0022 .0319 .1028 .1746 .2023 .1789 .1272 .0746 .0365 .0148
6 .0003 .0089 .0454 .1091 .1686 .1916 .1712 .1244 .0746 .0370
7 .0000 .0020 .0160 .0546 .1124 .1643 .1844 .1659 .1221 .0739
8 .0000 .0004 .0046 .0222 .0609 .1144 .1614 .1797 .1623 .1201
9 .0000 .0001 .0011 .0074 .0271 .0654 .1158 .1597 .1771 .1602
10 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0020 .0099 .0308 .0686 .1171 .1593 .1762
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0005 .0030 .0120 .0336 .0710 .1185 .1602
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0008 .0039 .0136 .0355 .0727 .1201
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0010 .0045 .0146 .0366 .0739
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0012 .0049 .0150 .0370
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0013 .0049 .0148
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0013 .0046
17 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0011
18 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002
19 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
20 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000

TA B LE 2 Exact Poisson probabilities

k 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0 .6065 .3679 .2231 .1353 .0821 .0498 .0302 .0183 .0111 .0067
1 .3033 .3679 .3347 .2707 .2052 .1494 .1057 .0733 .0500 .0337
2 .0758 .1839 .2510 .2707 .2565 .2240 .1850 .1465 .1125 .0842
3 .0126 .0613 .1255 .1804 .2138 .2240 .2158 .1954 .1687 .1404
4 .0016 .0153 .0471 .0902 .1336 .1680 .1888 .1954 .1898 .1755
5 .0002 .0031 .0141 .0361 .0668 .1008 .1322 .1563 .1708 .1755
6 .0000 .0005 .0035 .0120 .0278 .0504 .0771 .1042 .1281 .1462
7 .0000 .0001 .0008 .0034 .0099 .0216 .0385 .0595 .0824 .1044
8 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0009 .0031 .0081 .0169 .0298 .0463 .0653
9 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0009 .0027 .0066 .0132 .0232 .0363
10 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0008 .0023 .0053 .0104 .0181
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0007 .0019 .0043 .0082
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0006 .0016 .0034
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0006 .0013
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0005
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000

k 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0

0 .0041 .0025 .0015 .0009 .0006 .0003 .0002 .0001 .0001 .0000
1 .0225 .0149 .0098 .0064 .0041 .0027 .0017 .0011 .0007 .0005
2 .0618 .0446 .0318 .0223 .0156 .0107 .0074 .0050 .0034 .0023
3 .1133 .0892 .0688 .0521 .0389 .0286 .0208 .0150 .0107 .0076

(continued on next page)

Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
872 APPENDIX Tables

TAB LE 2 Exact Poisson probabilities (continued)

k 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0

4 .1558 .1339 .1118 .0912 .0729 .0573 .0443 .0337 .0254 .0189
5 .1714 .1606 .1454 .1277 .1094 .0916 .0752 .0607 .0483 .0378
6 .1571 .1606 .1575 .1490 .1367 .1221 .1066 .0911 .0764 .0631
7 .1234 .1377 .1462 .1490 .1465 .1396 .1294 .1171 .1037 .0901
8 .0849 .1033 .1188 .1304 .1373 .1396 .1375 .1318 .1232 .1126
9 .0519 .0688 .0858 .1014 .1144 .1241 .1299 .1318 .1300 .1251
10 .0285 .0413 .0558 .0710 .0858 .0993 .1104 .1186 .1235 .1251
11 .0143 .0225 .0330 .0452 .0585 .0722 .0853 .0970 .1067 .1137
12 .0065 .0113 .0179 .0263 .0366 .0481 .0604 .0728 .0844 .0948
13 .0028 .0052 .0089 .0142 .0211 .0296 .0395 .0504 .0617 .0729
14 .0011 .0022 .0041 .0071 .0113 .0169 .0240 .0324 .0419 .0521
15 .0004 .0009 .0018 .0033 .0057 .0090 .0136 .0194 .0265 .0347
16 .0001 .0003 .0007 .0014 .0026 .0045 .0072 .0109 .0157 .0217
17 .0000 .0001 .0003 .0006 .0012 .0021 .0036 .0058 .0088 .0128
18 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0005 .0009 .0017 .0029 .0046 .0071
19 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0004 .0008 .0014 .0023 .0037
20 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0003 .0006 .0011 .0019
21 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0003 .0005 .0009
22 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0004
23 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002
24 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001
25 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000

k 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0

0 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .0003 .0002 .0001 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .0015 .0010 .0007 .0004 .0003 .0002 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0000
3 .0053 .0037 .0026 .0018 .0012 .0008 .0006 .0004 .0003 .0002
4 .0139 .0102 .0074 .0053 .0038 .0027 .0019 .0013 .0009 .0006
5 .0293 .0224 .0170 .0127 .0095 .0070 .0051 .0037 .0027 .0019
6 .0513 .0411 .0325 .0255 .0197 .0152 .0115 .0087 .0065 .0048
7 .0769 .0646 .0535 .0437 .0353 .0281 .0222 .0174 .0135 .0104
8 .1009 .0888 .0769 .0655 .0551 .0457 .0375 .0304 .0244 .0194
9 .1177 .1085 .0982 .0874 .0765 .0661 .0563 .0473 .0394 .0324
10 .1236 .1194 .1129 .1048 .0956 .0859 .0760 .0663 .0571 .0486
11 .1180 .1194 .1181 .1144 .1087 .1015 .0932 .0844 .0753 .0663
12 .1032 .1094 .1131 .1144 .1132 .1099 .1049 .0984 .0910 .0829
13 .0834 .0926 .1001 .1056 .1089 .1099 .1089 .1060 .1014 .0956
14 .0625 .0728 .0822 .0905 .0972 .1021 .1050 .1060 .1051 .1024
15 .0438 .0534 .0630 .0724 .0810 .0885 .0945 .0989 .1016 .1024
16 .0287 .0367 .0453 .0543 .0633 .0719 .0798 .0866 .0920 .0960
17 .0177 .0237 .0306 .0383 .0465 .0550 .0633 .0713 .0785 .0847
18 .0104 .0145 .0196 .0255 .0323 .0397 .0475 .0554 .0632 .0706
19 .0057 .0084 .0119 .0161 .0213 .0272 .0337 .0409 .0483 .0557
20 .0030 .0046 .0068 .0097 .0133 .0177 .0228 .0286 .0350 .0418
21 .0015 .0024 .0037 .0055 .0079 .0109 .0146 .0191 .0242 .0299
22 .0007 .0012 .0020 .0030 .0045 .0065 .0090 .0121 .0159 .0204
23 .0003 .0006 .0010 .0016 .0024 .0037 .0053 .0074 .0100 .0133
24 .0001 .0003 .0005 .0008 .0013 .0020 .0030 .0043 .0061 .0083
25 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0004 .0006 .0010 .0016 .0024 .0035 .0050
26 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0003 .0005 .0008 .0013 .0020 .0029
27 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0004 .0007 .0011 .0016
28 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0003 .0005 .0009

(continued on next page)

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 APPENDIX Tables 873

TA B LE 2 Exact Poisson probabilities (continued)

k 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0

29 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0003 .0004
30 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0002
31 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001
32 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001
33 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000

k 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.5 20.0

0 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
3 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
4 .0004 .0003 .0002 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
5 .0014 .0010 .0007 .0005 .0003 .0002 .0002 .0001 .0001 .0001
6 .0036 .0026 .0019 .0014 .0010 .0007 .0005 .0004 .0003 .0002
7 .0079 .0060 .0045 .0034 .0025 .0019 .0014 .0010 .0007 .0005
8 .0153 .0120 .0093 .0072 .0055 .0042 .0031 .0024 .0018 .0013
9 .0264 .0213 .0171 .0135 .0107 .0083 .0065 .0050 .0038 .0029
10 .0409 .0341 .0281 .0230 .0186 .0150 .0120 .0095 .0074 .0058
11 .0577 .0496 .0422 .0355 .0297 .0245 .0201 .0164 .0132 .0106
12 .0745 .0661 .0580 .0504 .0432 .0368 .0310 .0259 .0214 .0176
13 .0888 .0814 .0736 .0658 .0582 .0509 .0441 .0378 .0322 .0271
14 .0983 .0930 .0868 .0800 .0728 .0655 .0583 .0514 .0448 .0387
15 .1016 .0992 .0955 .0906 .0849 .0786 .0719 .0650 .0582 .0516
16 .0984 .0992 .0985 .0963 .0929 .0884 .0831 .0772 .0710 .0646
17 .0897 .0934 .0956 .0963 .0956 .0936 .0904 .0863 .0814 .0760
18 .0773 .0830 .0876 .0909 .0929 .0936 .0930 .0911 .0882 .0844
19 .0630 .0699 .0761 .0814 .0856 .0887 .0905 .0911 .0905 .0888
20 .0489 .0559 .0628 .0692 .0749 .0798 .0837 .0866 .0883 .0888
21 .0361 .0426 .0493 .0560 .0624 .0684 .0738 .0783 .0820 .0846
22 .0254 .0310 .0370 .0433 .0496 .0560 .0620 .0676 .0727 .0769
23 .0171 .0216 .0265 .0320 .0378 .0438 .0499 .0559 .0616 .0669
24 .0111 .0144 .0182 .0226 .0275 .0328 .0385 .0442 .0500 .0557
25 .0069 .0092 .0120 .0154 .0193 .0237 .0285 .0336 .0390 .0446
26 .0041 .0057 .0076 .0101 .0130 .0164 .0202 .0246 .0293 .0343
27 .0023 .0034 .0047 .0063 .0084 .0109 .0139 .0173 .0211 .0254
28 .0013 .0019 .0028 .0038 .0053 .0070 .0092 .0117 .0147 .0181
29 .0007 .0011 .0016 .0023 .0032 .0044 .0058 .0077 .0099 .0125
30 .0004 .0006 .0009 .0013 .0019 .0026 .0036 .0049 .0064 .0083
31 .0002 .0003 .0005 .0007 .0010 .0015 .0022 .0030 .0040 .0054
32 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0004 .0006 .0009 .0012 .0018 .0025 .0034
33 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0003 .0005 .0007 .0010 .0015 .0020
34 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0002 .0004 .0006 .0008 .0012
35 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0003 .0005 .0007
36 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0003 .0004
37 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002
38 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001
39 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001
40 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000

Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
874 APPENDIX Tables

TABLE 3 The normal distribution

1 (–1/2)x2 1 (–1/2)x2
f (x) = e f (x) = e
A(x) = Φ(x) = Pr(X ≤ x) 2π 2π

B(x) = 1 – Φ(x) = Pr(X > x)

0 x 0 x
(a) (b)

C(x) = Pr(0 ≤ X ≤ x) D(x) = Pr(–x ≤ X ≤ x)

1 (–1/2)x2 1 (–1/2)x2
f (x) = e f (x) = e
2π 2π

0 x –x 0 x
(c) (d)

x Aa Bb Cc Dd x A B C D

0.0 .5000 .5000 .0 .0 0.32 .6255 .3745 .1255 .2510

0.01 .5040 .4960 .0040 .0080 0.33 .6293 .3707 .1293 .2586
0.02 .5080 .4920 .0080 .0160 0.34 .6331 .3669 .1331 .2661
0.03 .5120 .4880 .0120 .0239 0.35 .6368 .3632 .1368 .2737
0.04 .5160 .4840 .0160 .0319 0.36 .6406 .3594 .1406 .2812
0.05 .5199 .4801 .0199 .0399 0.37 .6443 .3557 .1443 .2886
0.06 .5239 .4761 .0239 .0478 0.38 .6480 .3520 .1480 .2961
0.07 .5279 .4721 .0279 .0558 0.39 .6517 .3483 .1517 .3035
0.08 .5319 .4681 .0319 .0638 0.40 .6554 .3446 .1554 .3108
0.09 .5359 .4641 .0359 .0717 0.41 .6591 .3409 .1591 .3182
0.10 .5398 .4602 .0398 .0797 0.42 .6628 .3372 .1628 .3255
0.11 .5438 .4562 .0438 .0876 0.43 .6664 .3336 .1664 .3328
0.12 .5478 .4522 .0478 .0955 0.44 .6700 .3300 .1700 .3401
0.13 .5517 .4483 .0517 .1034 0.45 .6736 .3264 .1736 .3473
0.14 .5557 .4443 .0557 .1113 0.46 .6772 .3228 .1772 .3545
0.15 .5596 .4404 .0596 .1192 0.47 .6808 .3192 .1808 .3616
0.16 .5636 .4364 .0636 .1271 0.48 .6844 .3156 .1844 .3688
0.17 .5675 .4325 .0675 .1350 0.49 .6879 .3121 .1879 .3759
0.18 .5714 .4286 .0714 .1428 0.50 .6915 .3085 .1915 .3829
0.19 .5753 .4247 .0753 .1507 0.51 .6950 .3050 .1950 .3899
0.20 .5793 .4207 .0793 .1585 0.52 .6985 .3015 .1985 .3969
0.21 .5832 .4168 .0832 .1663 0.53 .7019 .2981 .2019 .4039
0.22 .5871 .4129 .0871 .1741 0.54 .7054 .2946 .2054 .4108
0.23 .5910 .4090 .0910 .1819 0.55 .7088 .2912 .2088 .4177
0.24 .5948 .4052 .0948 .1897 0.56 .7123 .2877 .2123 .4245
0.25 .5987 .4013 .0987 .1974 0.57 .7157 .2843 .2157 .4313
0.26 .6026 .3974 .1026 .2051 0.58 .7190 .2810 .2190 .4381
0.27 .6064 .3936 .1064 .2128 0.59 .7224 .2776 .2224 .4448
0.28 .6103 .3897 .1103 .2205 0.60 .7257 .2743 .2257 .4515
0.29 .6141 .3859 .1141 .2282 0.61 .7291 .2709 .2291 .4581
0.30 .6179 .3821 .1179 .2358 0.62 .7324 .2676 .2324 .4647
0.31 .6217 .3783 .1217 .2434 0.63 .7357 .2643 .2357 .4713

(continued on next page)

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 APPENDIX Tables 875

TABLE 3 The normal distribution (continued)

x Aa Bb Cc Dd x A B C D

0.64 .7389 .2611 .2389 .4778 1.23 .8907 .1093 .3907 .7813
0.65 .7422 .2578 .2422 .4843 1.24 .8925 .1075 .3925 .7850
0.66 .7454 .2546 .2454 .4907 1.25 .8944 .1056 .3944 .7887
0.67 .7486 .2514 .2486 .4971 1.26 .8962 .1038 .3962 .7923
0.68 .7517 .2483 .2517 .5035 1.27 .8980 .1020 .3980 .7959
0.69 .7549 .2451 .2549 .5098 1.28 .8997 .1003 .3997 .7995
0.70 .7580 .2420 .2580 .5161 1.29 .9015 .0985 .4015 .8029
0.71 .7611 .2389 .2611 .5223 1.30 .9032 .0968 .4032 .8064
0.72 .7642 .2358 .2642 .5285 1.31 .9049 .0951 .4049 .8098
0.73 .7673 .2327 .2673 .5346 1.32 .9066 .0934 .4066 .8132
0.74 .7703 .2297 .2703 .5407 1.33 .9082 .0918 .4082 .8165
0.75 .7734 .2266 .2734 .5467 1.34 .9099 .0901 .4099 .8198
0.76 .7764 .2236 .2764 .5527 1.35 .9115 .0885 .4115 .8230
0.77 .7793 .2207 .2793 .5587 1.36 .9131 .0869 .4131 .8262
0.78 .7823 .2177 .2823 .5646 1.37 .9147 .0853 .4147 .8293
0.79 .7852 .2148 .2852 .5705 1.38 .9162 .0838 .4162 .8324
0.80 .7881 .2119 .2881 .5763 1.39 .9177 .0823 .4177 .8355
0.81 .7910 .2090 .2910 .5821 1.40 .9192 .0808 .4192 .8385
0.82 .7939 .2061 .2939 .5878 1.41 .9207 .0793 .4207 .8415
0.83 .7967 .2033 .2967 .5935 1.42 .9222 .0778 .4222 .8444
0.84 .7995 .2005 .2995 .5991 1.43 .9236 .0764 .4236 .8473
0.85 .8023 .1977 .3023 .6047 1.44 .9251 .0749 .4251 .8501
0.86 .8051 .1949 .3051 .6102 1.45 .9265 .0735 .4265 .8529
0.87 .8078 .1922 .3078 .6157 1.46 .9279 .0721 .4279 .8557
0.88 .8106 .1894 .3106 .6211 1.47 .9292 .0708 .4292 .8584
0.89 .8133 .1867 .3133 .6265 1.48 .9306 .0694 .4306 .8611
0.90 .8159 .1841 .3159 .6319 1.49 .9319 .0681 .4319 .8638
0.91 .8186 .1814 .3186 .6372 1.50 .9332 .0668 .4332 .8664
0.92 .8212 .1788 .3212 .6424 1.51 .9345 .0655 .4345 .8690
0.93 .8238 .1762 .3238 .6476 1.52 .9357 .0643 .4357 .8715
0.94 .8264 .1736 .3264 .6528 1.53 .9370 .0630 .4370 .8740
0.95 .8289 .1711 .3289 .6579 1.54 .9382 .0618 .4382 .8764
0.96 .8315 .1685 .3315 .6629 1.55 .9394 .0606 .4394 .8789
0.97 .8340 .1660 .3340 .6680 1.56 .9406 .0594 .4406 .8812
0.98 .8365 .1635 .3365 .6729 1.57 .9418 .0582 .4418 .8836
0.99 .8389 .1611 .3389 .6778 1.58 .9429 .0571 .4429 .8859
1.00 .8413 .1587 .3413 .6827 1.59 .9441 .0559 .4441 .8882
1.01 .8438 .1562 .3438 .6875 1.60 .9452 .0548 .4452 .8904
1.02 .8461 .1539 .3461 .6923 1.61 .9463 .0537 .4463 .8926
1.03 .8485 .1515 .3485 .6970 1.62 .9474 .0526 .4474 .8948
1.04 .8508 .1492 .3508 .7017 1.63 .9484 .0516 .4484 .8969
1.05 .8531 .1469 .3531 .7063 1.64 .9495 .0505 .4495 .8990
1.06 .8554 .1446 .3554 .7109 1.65 .9505 .0495 .4505 .9011
1.07 .8577 .1423 .3577 .7154 1.66 .9515 .0485 .4515 .9031
1.08 .8599 .1401 .3599 .7199 1.67 .9525 .0475 .4525 .9051
1.09 .8621 .1379 .3621 .7243 1.68 .9535 .0465 .4535 .9070
1.10 .8643 .1357 .3643 .7287 1.69 .9545 .0455 .4545 .9090
1.11 .8665 .1335 .3665 .7330 1.70 .9554 .0446 .4554 .9109
1.12 .8686 .1314 .3686 .7373 1.71 .9564 .0436 .4564 .9127
1.13 .8708 .1292 .3708 .7415 1.72 .9573 .0427 .4573 .9146
1.14 .8729 .1271 .3729 .7457 1.73 .9582 .0418 .4582 .9164
1.15 .8749 .1251 .3749 .7499 1.74 .9591 .0409 .4591 .9181
1.16 .8770 .1230 .3770 .7540 1.75 .9599 .0401 .4599 .9199
1.17 .8790 .1210 .3790 .7580 1.76 .9608 .0392 .4608 .9216
1.18 .8810 .1190 .3810 .7620 1.77 .9616 .0384 .4616 .9233
1.19 .8830 .1170 .3830 .7660 1.78 .9625 .0375 .4625 .9249
1.20 .8849 .1151 .3849 .7699 1.79 .9633 .0367 .4633 .9265
1.21 .8869 .1131 .3869 .7737 1.80 .9641 .0359 .4641 .9281
1.22 .8888 .1112 .3888 .7775 1.81 .9649 .0351 .4649 .9297

(continued on next page)

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
876 APPENDIX Tables

TABLE 3 The normal distribution (continued)

x Aa Bb Cc Dd x A B C D

1.82 .9656 .0344 .4656 .9312 2.39 .9916 .0084 .4916 .9832
1.83 .9664 .0336 .4664 .9327 2.40 .9918 .0082 .4918 .9836
1.84 .9671 .0329 .4671 .9342 2.41 .9920 .0080 .4920 .9840
1.85 .9678 .0322 .4678 .9357 2.42 .9922 .0078 .4922 .9845
1.86 .9686 .0314 .4686 .9371 2.43 .9925 .0075 .4925 .9849
1.87 .9693 .0307 .4693 .9385 2.44 .9927 .0073 .4927 .9853
1.88 .9699 .0301 .4699 .9399 2.45 .9929 .0071 .4929 .9857
1.89 .9706 .0294 .4706 .9412 2.46 .9931 .0069 .4931 .9861
1.90 .9713 .0287 .4713 .9426 2.47 .9932 .0068 .4932 .9865
1.91 .9719 .0281 .4719 .9439 2.48 .9934 .0066 .4934 .9869
1.92 .9726 .0274 .4726 .9451 2.49 .9936 .0064 .4936 .9872
1.93 .9732 .0268 .4732 .9464 2.50 .9938 .0062 .4938 .9876
1.94 .9738 .0262 .4738 .9476 2.51 .9940 .0060 .4940 .9879
1.95 .9744 .0256 .4744 .9488 2.52 .9941 .0059 .4941 .9883
1.96 .9750 .0250 .4750 .9500 2.53 .9943 .0057 .4943 .9886
1.97 .9756 .0244 .4756 .9512 2.54 .9945 .0055 .4945 .9889
1.98 .9761 .0239 .4761 .9523 2.55 .9946 .0054 .4946 .9892
1.99 .9767 .0233 .4767 .9534 2.56 .9948 .0052 .4948 .9895
2.00 .9772 .0228 .4772 .9545 2.57 .9949 .0051 .4949 .9898
2.01 .9778 .0222 .4778 .9556 2.58 .9951 .0049 .4951 .9901
2.02 .9783 .0217 .4783 .9566 2.59 .9952 .0048 .4952 .9904
2.03 .9788 .0212 .4788 .9576 2.60 .9953 .0047 .4953 .9907
2.04 .9793 .0207 .4793 .9586 2.61 .9955 .0045 .4955 .9909
2.05 .9798 .0202 .4798 .9596 2.62 .9956 .0044 .4956 .9912
2.06 .9803 .0197 .4803 .9606 2.63 .9957 .0043 .4957 .9915
2.07 .9808 .0192 .4808 .9615 2.64 .9959 .0041 .4959 .9917
2.08 .9812 .0188 .4812 .9625 2.65 .9960 .0040 .4960 .9920
2.09 .9817 .0183 .4817 .9634 2.66 .9961 .0039 .4961 .9922
2.10 .9821 .0179 .4821 .9643 2.67 .9962 .0038 .4962 .9924
2.11 .9826 .0174 .4826 .9651 2.68 .9963 .0037 .4963 .9926
2.12 .9830 .0170 .4830 .9660 2.69 .9964 .0036 .4964 .9929
2.13 .9834 .0166 .4834 .9668 2.70 .9965 .0035 .4965 .9931
2.14 .9838 .0162 .4838 .9676 2.71 .9966 .0034 .4966 .9933
2.15 .9842 .0158 .4842 .9684 2.72 .9967 .0033 .4967 .9935
2.16 .9846 .0154 .4846 .9692 2.73 .9968 .0032 .4968 .9937
2.17 .9850 .0150 .4850 .9700 2.74 .9969 .0031 .4969 .9939
2.18 .9854 .0146 .4854 .9707 2.75 .9970 .0030 .4970 .9940
2.19 .9857 .0143 .4857 .9715 2.76 .9971 .0029 .4971 .9942
2.20 .9861 .0139 .4861 .9722 2.77 .9972 .0028 .4972 .9944
2.21 .9864 .0136 .4864 .9729 2.78 .9973 .0027 .4973 .9946
2.22 .9868 .0132 .4868 .9736 2.79 .9974 .0026 .4974 .9947
2.23 .9871 .0129 .4871 .9743 2.80 .9974 .0026 .4974 .9949
2.24 .9875 .0125 .4875 .9749 2.81 .9975 .0025 .4975 .9950
2.25 .9878 .0122 .4878 .9756 2.82 .9976 .0024 .4976 .9952
2.26 .9881 .0119 .4881 .9762 2.83 .9977 .0023 .4977 .9953
2.27 .9884 .0116 .4884 .9768 2.84 .9977 .0023 .4977 .9955
2.28 .9887 .0113 .4887 .9774 2.85 .9978 .0022 .4978 .9956
2.29 .9890 .0110 .4890 .9780 2.86 .9979 .0021 .4979 .9958
2.30 .9893 .0107 .4893 .9786 2.87 .9979 .0021 .4979 .9959
2.31 .9896 .0104 .4896 .9791 2.88 .9980 .0020 .4980 .9960
2.32 .9898 .0102 .4898 .9797 2.89 .9981 .0019 .4981 .9961
2.33 .9901 .0099 .4901 .9802 2.90 .9981 .0019 .4981 .9963
2.34 .9904 .0096 .4904 .9807 2.91 .9982 .0018 .4982 .9964
2.35 .9906 .0094 .4906 .9812 2.92 .9982 .0018 .4982 .9965
2.36 .9909 .0091 .4909 .9817 2.93 .9983 .0017 .4983 .9966
2.37 .9911 .0089 .4911 .9822 2.94 .9984 .0016 .4984 .9967
2.38 .9913 .0087 .4913 .9827 2.95 .9984 .0016 .4984 .9968

(continued on next page)

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 APPENDIX Tables 877

TABLE 3 The normal distribution (continued)

x Aa Bb Cc Dd x A B C D

2.96 .9985 .0015 .4985 .9969 3.49 .9998 .0002 .4998 .9995
2.97 .9985 .0015 .4985 .9970 3.50 .9998 .0002 .4998 .9995
2.98 .9986 .0014 .4986 .9971 3.51 .9998 .0002 .4998 .9996
2.99 .9986 .0014 .4986 .9972 3.52 .9998 .0002 .4998 .9996
3.00 .9987 .0013 .4987 .9973 3.53 .9998 .0002 .4998 .9996
3.01 .9987 .0013 .4987 .9974 3.54 .9998 .0002 .4998 .9996
3.02 .9987 .0013 .4987 .9975 3.55 .9998 .0002 .4998 .9996
3.03 .9988 .0012 .4988 .9976 3.56 .9998 .0002 .4998 .9996
3.04 .9988 .0012 .4988 .9976 3.57 .9998 .0002 .4998 .9996
3.05 .9989 .0011 .4989 .9977 3.58 .9998 .0002 .4998 .9997
3.06 .9989 .0011 .4989 .9978 3.59 .9998 .0002 .4998 .9997
3.07 .9989 .0011 .4989 .9979 3.60 .9998 .0002 .4998 .9997
3.08 .9990 .0010 .4990 .9979 3.61 .9998 .0002 .4998 .9997
3.09 .9990 .0010 .4990 .9980 3.62 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9997
3.10 .9990 .0010 .4990 .9981 3.63 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9997
3.11 .9991 .0009 .4991 .9981 3.64 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9997
3.12 .9991 .0009 .4991 .9982 3.65 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9997
3.13 .9991 .0009 .4991 .9983 3.66 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9997
3.14 .9992 .0008 .4992 .9983 3.67 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9998
3.15 .9992 .0008 .4992 .9984 3.68 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9998
3.16 .9992 .0008 .4992 .9984 3.69 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9998
3.17 .9992 .0008 .4992 .9985 3.70 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9998
3.18 .9993 .0007 .4993 .9985 3.71 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9998
3.19 .9993 .0007 .4993 .9986 3.72 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9998
3.20 .9993 .0007 .4993 .9986 3.73 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9998
3.21 .9993 .0007 .4993 .9987 3.74 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9998
3.22 .9994 .0006 .4994 .9987 3.75 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9998
3.23 .9994 .0006 .4994 .9988 3.76 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9998
3.24 .9994 .0006 .4994 .9988 3.77 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9998
3.25 .9994 .0006 .4994 .9988 3.78 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9998
3.26 .9994 .0006 .4994 .9989 3.79 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9998
3.27 .9995 .0005 .4995 .9989 3.80 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9999
3.28 .9995 .0005 .4995 .9990 3.81 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9999
3.29 .9995 .0005 .4995 .9990 3.82 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9999
3.30 .9995 .0005 .4995 .9990 3.83 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9999
3.31 .9995 .0005 .4995 .9991 3.84 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9999
3.32 .9995 .0005 .4995 .9991 3.85 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9999
3.33 .9996 .0004 .4996 .9991 3.86 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9999
3.34 .9996 .0004 .4996 .9992 3.87 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9999
3.35 .9996 .0004 .4996 .9992 3.88 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9999
3.36 .9996 .0004 .4996 .9992 3.89 .9999 .0001 .4999 .9999
3.37 .9996 .0004 .4996 .9992 3.90 1.0000 .0000 .5000 .9999
3.38 .9996 .0004 .4996 .9993 3.91 1.0000 .0000 .5000 .9999
3.39 .9997 .0003 .4997 .9993 3.92 1.0000 .0000 .5000 .9999
3.40 .9997 .0003 .4997 .9993 3.93 1.0000 .0000 .5000 .9999
3.42 .9997 .0003 .4997 .9994 3.94 1.0000 .0000 .5000 .9999
3.43 .9997 .0003 .4997 .9994 3.95 1.0000 .0000 .5000 .9999
3.45 .9997 .0003 .4997 .9994 3.96 1.0000 .0000 .5000 .9999
3.46 .9997 .0003 .4997 .9995 3.97 1.0000 .0000 .5000 .9999
3.47 .9997 .0003 .4997 .9995 3.98 1.0000 .0000 .5000 .9999
3.48 .9997 .0003 .4997 .9995 3.99 1.0000 .0000 .5000 .9999

a
A(x) = Φ(x) = Pr(X ≤ x), where X is a standard normal distribution.
b
B(x) = 1 – Φ(x) = Pr(X > x), where X is a standard normal distribution.
c
C(x) = Pr(0 ≤ X ≤ x), where X is a standard normal distribution.
d
D(x) = Pr(–x ≤ X ≤ x), where X is a standard normal distribution.

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 APPENDIX Tables 879

TABLE 5 Percentage points of the t distribution (td,u)a

u
Degrees of
freedom, d .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 .975 .99 .995 .9995
1 1.000 1.376 1.963 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657 636.619
2 0.816 1.061 1.386 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 31.598
3 0.765 0.978 1.250 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 12.924
4 0.741 0.941 1.190 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 8.610
5 0.727 0.920 1.156 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 6.869

6 0.718 0.906 1.134 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.959

7 0.711 0.896 1.119 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 5.408
8 0.706 0.889 1.108 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 5.041
9 0.703 0.883 1.100 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.781
10 0.700 0.879 1.093 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.587

11 0.697 0.876 1.088 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.437

12 0.695 0.873 1.083 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 4.318
13 0.694 0.870 1.079 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 4.221
14 0.692 0.868 1.076 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 4.140
15 0.691 0.866 1.074 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 4.073

16 0.690 0.865 1.071 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 4.015

17 0.689 0.863 1.069 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.965
18 0.688 0.862 1.067 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.922
19 0.688 0.861 1.066 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.883
20 0.687 0.860 1.064 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.850

21 0.686 0.859 1.063 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.819

22 0.686 0.858 1.061 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.792
23 0.685 0.858 1.060 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.767
24 0.685 0.857 1.059 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.745
25 0.684 0.856 1.058 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.725

26 0.684 0.856 1.058 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.707

27 0.684 0.855 1.057 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.690
28 0.683 0.855 1.056 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.674
29 0.683 0.854 1.055 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.659
30 0.683 0.854 1.055 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.646

40 0.681 0.851 1.050 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.551

60 0.679 0.848 1.046 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.460
120 0.677 0.845 1.041 1.289 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617 3.373
∞ 0.674 0.842 1.036 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 3.291
a
The uth percentile of a t distribution with d degrees of freedom.
Source: Table 5 is taken from Table III of Fisher and Yates: “Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research,”
published by Longman Group Ltd., London (previously published by Oliver and Boyd Ltd., Edinburgh).

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880 APPENDIX Tables

TABLE 6 Percentage points of the chi-square distribution (χ2d,u)a

d .005 .01 .025 .05 .10 .25 .50 .75 .90 .95 .975 .99 .995 .999

1 0.04393b 0.03157c 0.03982d 0.00393 0.02 0.10 0.45 1.32 2.71 3.84 5.02 6.63 7.88 10.83
2 0.0100 0.0201 0.0506 0.103 0.21 0.58 1.39 2.77 4.61 5.99 7.38 9.21 10.60 13.81
3 0.0717 0.115 0.216 0.352 0.58 1.21 2.37 4.11 6.25 7.81 9.35 11.34 12.84 16.27
4 0.207 0.297 0.484 0.711 1.06 1.92 3.36 5.39 7.78 9.49 11.14 13.28 14.86 18.47
5 0.412 0.554 0.831 1.15 1.61 2.67 4.35 6.63 9.24 11.07 12.83 15.09 16.75 20.52

6 0.676 0.872 1.24 1.64 2.20 3.45 5.35 7.84 10.64 12.59 14.45 16.81 18.55 22.46
7 0.989 1.24 1.69 2.17 2.83 4.25 6.35 9.04 12.02 14.07 16.01 18.48 20.28 24.32
8 1.34 1.65 2.18 2.73 3.49 5.07 7.34 10.22 13.36 15.51 17.53 20.09 21.95 26.12
9 1.73 2.09 2.70 3.33 4.17 5.90 8.34 11.39 14.68 16.92 19.02 21.67 23.59 27.88
10 2.16 2.56 3.25 3.94 4.87 6.74 9.34 12.55 15.99 18.31 20.48 23.21 25.19 29.59

11 2.60 3.05 3.82 4.57 5.58 7.58 10.34 13.70 17.28 19.68 21.92 24.72 26.76 31.26
12 3.07 3.57 4.40 5.23 6.30 8.44 11.34 14.85 18.55 21.03 23.34 26.22 28.30 32.91
13 3.57 4.11 5.01 5.89 7.04 9.30 12.34 15.98 19.81 22.36 24.74 27.69 29.82 34.53
14 4.07 4.66 5.63 6.57 7.79 10.17 13.34 17.12 21.06 23.68 26.12 29.14 31.32 36.12
15 4.60 5.23 6.27 7.26 8.55 11.04 14.34 18.25 22.31 25.00 27.49 30.58 32.80 37.70

16 5.14 5.81 6.91 7.96 9.31 11.91 15.34 19.37 23.54 26.30 28.85 32.00 34.27 39.25
17 5.70 6.41 7.56 8.67 10.09 12.79 16.34 20.49 24.77 27.59 30.19 33.41 35.72 40.79
18 6.26 7.01 8.23 9.39 10.86 13.68 17.34 21.60 25.99 28.87 31.53 34.81 37.16 42.31
19 6.84 7.63 8.91 10.12 11.65 14.56 18.34 22.72 27.20 30.14 32.85 36.19 38.58 43.82
20 7.43 8.26 9.59 10.85 12.44 15.45 19.34 23.83 28.41 31.41 34.17 37.57 40.00 45.32

21 8.03 8.90 10.28 11.59 13.24 16.34 20.34 24.93 29.62 32.67 35.48 38.93 41.40 46.80
22 8.64 9.54 10.98 12.34 14.04 17.24 21.34 26.04 30.81 33.92 36.78 40.29 42.80 48.27
23 9.26 10.20 11.69 13.09 14.85 18.14 22.34 27.14 32.01 35.17 38.08 41.64 44.18 49.73
24 9.89 10.86 12.40 13.85 15.66 19.04 23.34 28.24 33.20 36.42 39.36 42.98 45.56 51.18
25 10.52 11.52 13.12 14.61 16.47 19.94 24.34 29.34 34.38 37.65 40.65 44.31 46.93 52.62

26 11.16 12.20 13.84 15.38 17.29 20.84 25.34 30.43 35.56 38.89 41.92 45.64 48.29 54.05
27 11.81 12.88 14.57 16.15 18.11 21.75 26.34 31.53 36.74 40.11 43.19 46.96 49.64 55.48
28 12.46 13.56 15.31 16.93 18.94 22.66 27.34 32.62 37.92 41.34 44.46 48.28 50.99 56.89
29 13.12 14.26 16.05 17.71 19.77 23.57 28.34 33.71 39.09 42.56 45.72 49.59 52.34 58.30
30 13.79 14.95 16.79 18.49 20.60 24.48 29.34 34.80 40.26 43.77 46.98 50.89 53.67 59.70

40 20.71 22.16 24.43 26.51 29.05 33.66 39.34 45.62 51.81 55.76 59.34 63.69 66.77 73.40
50 27.99 29.71 32.36 34.76 37.69 42.94 49.33 56.33 63.17 67.50 71.42 76.15 79.49 86.66
60 35.53 37.48 40.48 43.19 46.46 52.29 59.33 66.98 74.40 79.08 83.30 88.38 91.95 99.61
70 43.28 45.44 48.76 51.74 55.33 61.70 69.33 77.58 85.53 90.53 95.02 100.42 104.22 112.32
80 51.17 53.54 57.15 60.39 64.28 71.14 79.33 88.13 96.58 101.88 106.63 112.33 116.32 124.84

90 59.20 61.75 65.65 69.13 73.29 80.62 89.33 98.64 107.56 113.14 118.14 124.12 128.30 137.21
100 67.33 70.06 74.22 77.93 82.36 90.13 99.33 109.14 118.50 124.34 129.56 135.81 140.17 149.45

a
χ2d,u = uth percentile of a χ2 distribution with d degrees of freedom.
b
= 0.0000393
c
= 0.000157
d
= 0.000982
Source: Based on the Biometrika Trustees, from Table 3 of Biometrika Tables for Statisticians, Volume 2, edited by E. S. Pearson and H. O. Hartley.

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