NEW syllabus

Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

FOR ADVANCED LEVEL

AS PER NEW SYLLABUS
IN TANZANIA

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

 NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

INSTRUCTIONS..
The following information may be used.
a) Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8ms-2
b) Radius of the earth, Re = 6.4 x 106 m
c) Electronic charge, e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
d) Universal Gravitational constant, G = 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2 kg-2
e) Boltzmann constant, K = 8.6 x 10-5 eVK-1
f) Thermal conductivity of cork Kc=0.063Wm-1 K-1
g) Universal moral gas constant R=8.31 Jmol-1 K-1
h) Thermal conductivity of glass ,kg=0.72Wm-1 K-1
i) Speed of light in vacuum, C = 3 x 108 m/s
j) Normal atmospheric pressure, 105Pa
k) Mass of the earth = 6.0 x 1024 kg
l) Stefan Boltzmann constant = 5.67 x 10-8 Wm-2K-4
m) The temperature at triple point of water = 273.16K
n) Mass of electron = 9.11 x 10-31 kg
o) 1.0 g of water = 1.0 cm3
p) For air,γ = 1.4
q) Pie,π = 3.14
r) Solar constant = 1400Wm-1K-1
s) Specific heat capacity of water = 4200JKg-1K-1
t) Latent heat of vaporization = 2.256 x 106JKg-1
u) Thermal conductivity of copper = 380Wm-1K-1
v) Thermal conductivity of iron = 80Wm-1K-1
w) Mass of the moon =7.35x 1022 Kg
x) Density of a metal sphere=800Kgm3
y) Radius of the sun = 7.5 x 108 m
z) Distance of the sun-earth = 1.5 x 1011 m
aa) Specific heat capacity of a metal sphere =400JKg-1K-1
bb)Thermodynamics temperature T = 273K
cc) Young’s modulus of copper = 110 x
109Nm-2 dd)Young’s modulus of iron = 190
x 109Nm-2
ee) Permittivity of free space μo = 8.85 x 10-12
C2/Nm2 ff) Speed of sound in air = 340 m/s
gg) Surface tension of soap film =
0.08Nm-1 hh)Viscosity of air = 1.8 x 10-5
Nsm-2
ii) Density of oil = 900Kgm-3

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

1. MEASUREMENT

Qn1.(a)(i) What do you understand by the dimensions and dimensional formula

of a physical quantity?
(ii) When you hear the term dimension, what massage do you get about
the physical quantity?
(b)(i) Why do we use square brackets round M, L, and T?
(ii) Can we tell the unit of a physical quantity from its dimensions?
(iii) What is the basic requirement for a physical relation to be correct?
(iv)While deriving the relationship between physical quantities by
dimensional analysis, dimensionless constant enters into the relationship.
Can you find its magnitude by the method of dimensions?
(v) Should an equation describe a physical situation?
Qn2.(a) With example explain the following about dimension analysis
i. Can we add quantities having the same dimension but different units?
ii. Can we add quantities having the same dimensions and the same units?
iii. Can two quantities may have the same dimensions but different units?
(b) (i)The dimensional formula for velocity is given as [M0 LT-1].Outline two
(2) important information obtained from the dimensional formula
above.
(ii) A dimensional consistency is necessary condition for a physical
relation to be correct. Why is not sufficient?
(iii) Explain why, we can always add two physical quantities of the same
unit but we cannot always add two physical quantities of the same
dimension?
Qn 3(a) (i) The force F is given in terms of time t and displacement X by the equation.

What are the dimensions of HD?

(ii) Pressure depend on distance as,

Where and are constants, Z is distance, K is Boltzmann constant, it’s

unit is Joule per Kelvin, and θis temperature. Find the dimension and
unit of β.
(b) The frequency in the note given by an organ pipe depends on the length,
the air pressure and air density.
i. Using dimensional analysis obtain the formula for the frequency.
ii. What will be new frequency of a pipe whose original frequency
was 256HZ if the air density falls of 2% and the pressure
increased by 1%.
(c) The velocity of transverse wave along a string can be fully expressed in
term of tension T in the string, the mass per unit length M of the string and a
dimensional constant K. Use dimensional analysis to derive an expression
for V in term of K, T and M.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

Qn4(a) (i) Explain the difference between systematic error and random errors
using particular operation such as the use of a clock to illustrate your
answer.
(ii) Which type of error is likely to be more misleading?
(b) Two forces have magnitude F1= (60±3) N and F2= (45±2) N
calculate the absolute percentage maximum uncertainty in:-
i. Sum of the forces.
ii. Product of the forces.
(c) Theoretical formula for a period of oscillations T of a certain system is:-

Where of is the acceleration due to gravity. Find the accuracy of “g” obtained
given that the measured value a, b and T are
a = (10.27±0.005)
cm b =
(12.54±0.005) cm
T = (0.964± 0.002) Seconds
Qn5 (a) (i) How can random and systematic errors be minimized during an experiment?
(ii) In an experiment to determine the value of Young‟s Modulus of elasticity
of steel wire of length 325 cm (measured by a metric scale of least count 0.1 cm)
is loaded by a mass of 2 kg and it is found that it stretched by 0.227 cm
(measured by a micrometer having a least count of 0.001 cm). The diameter of
the wire as measured by screw gauge (least count is 0.001 cm)is found to be
0.043 cm. Calculate the maximum percentage error in Young‟s Modulus of
elasticity of steel.
(b) A rectangular block has a mass of (1.5± 0.1) Kg, and a volume that can
be calculated from the following dimensions; (80±2) mm, (50±1) mm and
(30±3)mm. Assuming that all the errors are independent, calculate the
maximum uncertainty in the measured values of;
i. The volume of the block.
ii. The density of the block.

(c) Use the following results to plot points on a graph to show how the P.d
across on ohmic device varies with the current flowing through it.
i. Draw the best straight line through the points and deduce the resistance of
the device from the slope of the graph.
ii. Join point 1-5, 2-6, 3-7, 4-8, 5-9, 6-10 and measure these six slopes.
Calculate the mean value of the slopes, and again deduce the resistance of
the device.
iii. Why is result (ii) more liable?
Qn6 (a)(i) Define the term least count and discrepancy as applied in error analysis.
(ii) If the error in X is denoted by dx, determine the formula for d(x2 y3) and
hence find the error in (x2y3) when X=(5±0.05)cm and y=(10±0.1)cm.
(b)(i) Consider S=Xcos θ for X=(2±0.2)cm and =(53±2)o =(0.9250±0.0035)rad.
Find S and its maximum uncertainty Δs or (S±Δs) . NOTE: The uncertainty in
angle must be in radians for a function t =f(W1 ,X1,Y…..) its total differential is:-

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(ii) In an experiment to measure the angles of spectrometer read up to 6 of an

arc. Estimate the percentage error in refractive index of material of glass prism μ,
where:-

A= angle of prism, B=angle of minimum deviation. Where A=600 and B= 48o 36’.
(c) (i) Differentiate an accurate experiment from precise experiment.
(ii) A stop watch used in a simple pendulum experiment can read up to 0.2s.
What is the precision of Measurement of a periodic time of 50s?
Qn7. (a) (i) What is the advantage of expressing physical quantities in
terms of Dimensional equations?
(ii) Will the measure of a physical quantity depend upon the system of
units used?
(b) A calorie is a unit of heat or energy and it is equal to 4.2J, where 15 =
1Kgm2 s-2 Suppose we employ a system of units in which the unit of mass is α
Kg, the unit of length is β m, and the unit of time is γ s. What will be
magnitude of calorie in terms of this new system?
(c) (i) Define the term Percentage error and fractional error.
(ii) The magnification M of a prism is given by:-

Where A is apex angle = 250

Dm is the minimum deviation = 10034' .Calculate the Percentage
error in magnification 10 error in spectrometer used to measure angles
is 5.
Qn8. (a) (i) The diameter of a constant wire is (0.375 0.001) mm. What does this mean?
(ii) Differentiate between an error and a blunder
(iii) The formula for calculating Young‟s modulus Y from the
extension e of a loaded wire of length l and diameter d when the

applied tension is F is.

If F is of order of 500N and known to 1 part in 1000, L is of the order 3m
and measured to within 2mm, e is of the order 5mm measured to 0.1mm and
d is of the order 1mm measured to 0.01mm, determine the Young‟s modulus
and its error.
(b) (i) What is meant by the statement that an equation is
homogeneous with respect to its unit.
(ii) The power output P of a windmill depends on the area A, swept by the
windmill bladed, the density p of air, and the speed v of wind. Use the
method of dimension to derive the formula of P in terms of A, p and v.
Qn9.(a) (i) What is meant by dimensional variables? Give two examples.
(ii) Give one fact on which the principle of homogeneity of
dimensions is based.
(b) (i) What is the basic requirement for a physical relation to be correct?
(ii) If the velocity of light, acceleration due to gravity and normal
atmospheric pressure are chosen as the fundamental units, find the values of
length, mass and time.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(c) (i) Suggest the dimensions consistency of the expression below ,

where all symbols carry their usual meaning.

(ii) From the given expression in 1 (c) (i), show that is a dimensional
constant. k Qn10 .(a)(i) Mention and define four categories of dimensional physical
quantities and
give two examples on each.
(ii) State the principle of Homogeneity of dimensional analysis
(iii) Check the correctness of the equation τ = Iα, where τ is
torque, I is moment of inertia and α is angular acceleration.
(b) Give the meaning of the following terms as used in error analysis
i. Absolute error.
ii. Relative error.
(c) The force F acting on an object of mass M, travelling at velocity v in
a circle of radius r is given by:-

If the measurements are recorded as M=(3.5±0.1)Kg,

V=(20±1)m/s, r=(12.5±0.5)m, find the maximum possible:-
i. Fractional error.
ii. Percentage error in the measurement of force.
(c ) Show how you will record the reading of force F in part (b).
Qn11. (a) (i) Define the term dimensions of a physical quantity.
(ii) Identify two uses of dimensional equations.
(b) (i) What is the basic requirement for a physical relation to be correct?
(ii) List two quantities whose dimension is [ML2 T-1].

(c ) (i) The frequency f of vibration of stretched string depends on the tension F,

the length L ,and the mass per unit length μ of the string. Derive the formula
relating the physical quantities by method of dimensions.
(ii) Use dimensional analysis to prove the correctness of the relation.

Where by ρ=density of the earth, g= acceleration due to gravity, R=radius of

the earth and G= gravitational constant.
Qn12(a) Define the following terms as used in error analysis
i. Systematic error.
ii. Random error.
iii. Absolute error.
iv. Relative error.

(c) The force acting on an object of mass travelling at velocity on a circle of

radius is given as:-

The measurements are recorded as:

Find the maximum possible:-

(b) Fraction error.
(c) Absolute error.
PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY
NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(b) A physical quantity P is given by P=ab2 c3d4The percentage error in

measurement of a , b , cand d are 0.5% each. What is the percentage in P?
Qn13 (a) (i) State two limitations of Dimensional analysis
(ii) Mention three uses of dimensional analysis
(b) The density of earth is given by:-

Where R is the radius of earth and G is gravitational constant. Check

the dimensional consistency of this relation.
(c) The velocity V of water waves may depend on their wavelength λ, the
density of water ρand the acceleration due to gravityg. Find the relation between
these quantities by the method of dimensions.
Qn14.(a) (i) Speed and velocity are dimensionally equivalent. Explain briefly the
meaning of this statement.
(ii) The wavelength of a wave associated with a particle moving with
h
momentum P is given by the equation λ= where h is a constant.
p
• Determine the dimensions of h.
• Suggests two possible units of the constant h.
(b ) (i) A student wish to determine the integer value of the exponent n in the
equation y=cn at2. The dimensions of y, a, and t are known. It is known that c
has no dimensions. Can dimensional analysis be used to determine n? Account
for your answer
(ii) Two quantities A and B have different dimension. With reason,
which mathematical operations should be used to give a physical
meaning?
(c ) A hypothetical experiment is conducted to determine young’s formula:-

If Y=young modulus, T=time period, τ =Torque and, L=length, then

find the dimensional formula for X.
(d) (i) The following observations were actually made during an experiment
to find the radius of curvature of a concave mirror using a spherometer: l= 4.4
cm; h=0.085cm.The distance l between the legs of the spherometer was
measured with a metre rod and the least count of spherometer was 0.001 cm.
Calculate the maximum possible error in the radius of curvature.
Given that, the Radius of curvature;

(ii) Given the following experimental results of different quantities. Specify the
type of the error presented in the experimental value.
• P= (90±0.01)Nm-2
• L= (67.8±0.15)cm
• V= (10.3±0.2)m3
Where P=Pressure, V= volume and L= length

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(iii) In an experiment to determine the age of a deed wood, it is known that in

carbon of living wood there is a total of 18.5±0.322 counts per minute per gram of
carbon 14. The count rate recorded by the counter was 12.43±0.728 counts per
minute per gram for a particular specimen. If the half life of the radioactive carbon
is 5730±28.65 years, determine the age of the specimen and its error. Given that,
A=Aoe−λt
Where A= Count rate recorded by the counter, Ao=Total count rate, t=age of
the specimen, λ= 0.693 . Where T is the half life.
T
Qn15.(a) State all applications and all limitations of dimension analysis
(b) A book with many printing errors contains four different
formulas for the displacement y of a particle undergoing a certain
periodic motion:
i. y = asin2π/T
ii. y = a sin vt
iii. y = (a/T) sin t/a
iv. y = (a/√2 )(sin2πt/T + cos2πt/T )
(a= maximum displacement of the particle, v =speed of the particle, T=
time period of motion). Rule out the wrong formulas on dimensional
grounds.
(c) (i)The dimensions of energy, and also of those of moment of a force are
found to be 1 in mass, 2 in length and -2 in time. Explain and justify this
statement.
(ii) A sphere of radius R moving through a fluid of density D with high
velocity V experiences a retarding force F given by F= K.Rx. Dy.Vz, where K is a
non- dimensional coefficient. Use the method of dimensions to find the values of
x, y and z.
(d) (i) State two advantages of dimensional analysis.
(ii) Justify that L+L=L and L-L=L, where L is length
(iii) A famous relation in physics relates moving mass M to rest mass M0 of
a particle in terms of its speed V and the speed of light C. A girl of form one ,
recalls the relationship almost correctly but forgets where to put the constant C.
She writes:

Guess where to put the missing C.

Qn16, (a) (i) What is meant by dimensional of physical quantity?
(ii) The velocity of transverse wave along a string can be fully expressed in
term of tension T in the string, the mass per unit length M of the string and a
dimensional constant K use dimensional analysis to derive an expression for V
in term of K, T and M.
(b) (i) Explain the difference between systematic error and random
errors using particular operation such as the use of a clock to illustrate your
answer
(ii) Which type of error is likely to be more misleading?
(c) Two forces have magnitude F1= (66±3)N and F2=(45±2) N. Calculate the
absolute percentage maximum uncertainty in:-
i. The sum of the forces.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

ii. The product of the forces.

iii. The division/quotient of the forces.
Qn17 (a) (i) Distinguish random error from systematic error.
(ii) Give a practical example of each term in 1(a) (i) and briefly explain how
they can be reduced or eliminated.
(b) (i) Define the terms error and mistake.
(ii) An experiment was done to find the acceleration due to gravity by using the
l
formula T=2 √ , where all symbols carry their usual meaning. If the clock

g
losses 3 seconds in 5 minutes, determine the error in measuring ,g, given
that T=2.22sec, l=121.6cm, ∆T=0.1sec and ∆ l = ±0.05m.
(c) (i) Mention two (2) importance of dimensional analysis in
spite of its drawbacks?
(ii) The following measurements were taken by a student for the length of a
Piece of rod: 21.02, 20.99, 20.92, 21.11 and 20.69cm. Basing on error
analysis, find the true value of the length of a piece of rod and its
associated error.
Qn18 (a) (i) What is dimensional constant?
(ii) In the formula ,X −3 y Z2 Where X and Z and are the dimension of
capacitance and magnetic induction respectively. Find the dimension of y
in MKSQ system (where MKSQ stand for metre, kilogram, second and
charge.)
(b) (i) The specific resistance of a thin circular wire of radius r(cm),
resistance, R(Ohms) and length L(cm) is given by ,

If r= (0.26±0.02)cm, R= (32±1)Ohms and L= (78±0.01)cm. Find the

percentage error in ρ.
(ii) What is relative error and absolute error in ρ.
Qn19. (a)(i) State the theory of dimensional analysis
(ii) Dimensional analysis can be used to derive an expression of a
physical quantity provided the terms upon which the given physical
quantity depends are known. Outline all the steps involved in this
method.
(iii) A jet of water of cross sectional area A and velocity V strikes
normally on a stationary flat plate. The mass per unit volume of water is Q.
By dimensional analysis, show that an expression for the force F exerted
by the jet against the plate is given by KAV2Q

(d) The actual length of the playing field is 500m. A measuring instrument
shows the length to be 508m.Find:
I. Absolute error in the measured length of the field.
II. Relative error in the measured length of the field; and
III. Percentage error in the measured length of the field

(b) Suppose the slope of a best fit line is 1.0 and slopes of maximum and
minimum worst lines are 1.16 and 0.81 respectively. Estimate the value of
slope of the graph.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

Qn20. (a) (i) Distinguish between fundamental and derived quantities and give
one example for each.
(ii) The frequency „f‟ of a note given by an organ pipe depends on the length
„ ‟ the air pressure „P‟ and density‟s‟. Use the method of
dimensions analysis to find the formula for the frequency.

(b) (i) State principles of dimension analysis.

(ii) Prove that Pressure and kinetic energy per unit volume are
dimensionally equivalent.

(c) The pressure P, volume V and temperature T of a gas are related as;

are constants. Find the dimensions

Where a , b and c of b .

2.NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION AND PROJECTILE MOTION.

Qn1. (a) A child is in a flat track moving along a level round with a constant velocity.
He throws a tomato vertically upward.
i. Will the child be able to catch the tomato?
ii. Describe the motion of the tomato as seen by the children and by the
observer standing alongside the road.
(b) Two guns H and D are mounted 6m apart and rigged to fire
simultaneously. The bullets are fired towards each other and collide at a height
1m above the muzzles of the guns. Gun H is fired at a 75o with speed of 9ms-1.
Find the launch speed and angle and angle QD for gun D. Given QD¿45o

(c) (i) Explain why a particle moving in circular path with constant
speed has acceleration.
(ii) Centripetal force and centrifugal force are equal in magnitude, but
opposite in direction. Do they balance each other?
(iii) Is any work done by centripetal force? Explain.
Qn2. (a) State the Newton‟s Law of motion that define a force;
i. Qualitatively.
ii. Quantitatively.
iii. If the force acting on the body of mass 10kg is given by F(t) = (2t + 3t2)N
where t is time in seconds. Find the impulses of the force at the time
interval 1 second to 3 second.
iv. (i) Define the term Collision as applied in Newton
(ii) A perfectly elastic oblique Collision takes place between a moving
particle and a stationary particle of equal masses. Show that after the collision,
the two particles move at right angles to each other.
Qn3(a) Define the following terms;
i. Projectile motion.
ii. Angle of projection.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

iii. Trajectory.
iv. Maximum height.
v. Time of ascent
(b)(i) Explain why the horizontal velocity in projectile motion is a constant.
(ii) State the principle of physical independence of motions.
(c )(i) What assumptions are made in the treatment of projetile motions?
(ii) What are the limitation of projectile motion.
(iii) G ive three examples of projectile motion.
Qn4 (a)(i) Show tha the trajectory of an oblique projectile is a parabola
(ii) The equation of trajectory of an oblique projectile is:-

What is the initial velocity and the angle of projection of the projectile?
(b) A child is in a fl track moving along a level road with a constant
velocity. He throws a mango verticaly upward.
i. Will the child be able to catch the mango?.Explain.
ii. Describe the motion of the mango as seen by the children and by
the observer standing alongside the road.
(c ) A hunter is aiming straight at a monkey hanging on a tree branch. What
should a wise monkey do so that it is not hurt by the firing?.Why?
Qn5(a) In a football match, a player stands 20m away from a goalkeeper. The player
kicks the ball towards the goalkeeper at an angle of elevation of 40o with a
speed of 20m/s. The keeper has a time reaction of 0.3seconds.Find
i. In which direction should the keeper run to catch the ball?
ii. The keeper minimum average speed in running to catch the ball
just before reaching the ground.
(b) A projectile is aimed at a mark A. When its angle of projection is 300 it
falls 30m behind point A and when its angle of projection is 45o it falls far the
mark by 50m.
Find
i. The horizontal distance from point of projection to point A.
ii. The correct angle of elevation.
( c)(i) Two bodies initially travelling horizontally in space with velocities of
-4m/s and +6m/s are then let to fall under gravity , thus describing a projectile
motion. Find when their velocities will be perpendicular to each other.
(ii) A ball is projected at a point A above the cliff of height H, with velocity
U making angle to the horizontal. Show that , the horizontal distance covered
by the ball just before it strikes a point on a horizontal plane is given by:-

Qn6(a)Two particles are projected at the same instant from two points A and B on
the same horizontal plane where AB=30m. The motions take place in a vertical
plane containing AB. The initial velocities for the particles from A and B are
40m/s and 25m/s respectively, and their angles of projection are sin−1( 7 ) with
respect to AB
and cos−1 ( 4 ) with respect to BA, respectively. Find out when and where they
will collide with each other.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(b) Two projectiles are projected simultaneously from two towers as shown
in the figure. If the projectiles collide in the air, then find the distance between
the towers.

(c )Two particles A and B are projected to the same point in the same vertical
plane ,A is projected at a height of 5m above the ground making an angle of 30o
with the
horizontal ,B is projected with a velocity of 30m/s at the ground below
making an angle of 60o with the horizontal if they collide determine:
i. Initial velocity of A.
ii. The horizontal distance moved at the point of collision.
iii. Time taken for collision to occur.
(b) A hawk is flying horizontally at 10.0m/s in a straight line 700m above the
ground. A mouse it was carrying is released from its grasp. The hawk continues
on its path at the same speed for 3seconds before attempting to retrieve its prey.
To accomplish the retrieval, it dives in a straight line at constant speed and
recaptures the mouse 10.0m above the ground.
i. Find the diving speed of the hawk.
ii. What angle did the hawk make with the horizontal during its descent?
Qn7 (a)(i) State the Newton‟s law of motion that define
• The qualitative meaning of force.
• The quantitative meaning of force.
(ii) Sand falls vertically at the rate of 0.15kg/s on to a horizontal conveyor belt
moving with a velocity of 0.05m/s. What force has to be applied to the
conveyor belt to maintain its constant velocity?
(b) (i) Define coefficient of restitution for a pair of colliding bodies.
(ii) A billiard ball of radius 1.5cm moving with 1m/s hits an identical ball at
rest. If the impact parameter of the collision is 1.5cm, find the speed and
direction of each ball after the collision, assuming it to be elastic.
Qn8. a) i) What is meant by the range of a projectile?
ii) Show that the maximum range of a projectile having an initial
speed u is obtained when projectile at an angle of 45o to horizontal.
iii) Give two practical application of projectile at your locality.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

b) A stone of mass 2kg is thrown at 5m/s upward at a 30 angle from a cliff

20m high. Calculate;
i. The time it takes to reach the ground.
ii. Its distance from the foot of the cliff.
iii. The speed of the stone on striking the ground.
Qn9(a) (i) What is meant by the term vertex as used in projectile motion?
(ii) Give two factors which determine the span of jump in long jumping.
(b) An aero plane travelling horizontally at 80m/s and at a height of
196m drops a bomb to hit the target.
i. What horizontal distance from the target should the bomb be dropped?
ii. Calculate the velocity of the bomb as it reaches the ground.
Qn10 (a) (i) State Newton‟s law which qualitatively define force.
(ii) The coefficient of restitution of a pair of colliding bodies is zero.
What does this Statement means?
(iii) A body of mass 2kg makes elastic collision with another body at rest
and turns back along the same line with a speed equal to one half of its
original speed. What is the mass of the second body.
(b) (i) State Newton‟s law of experimental impact
(ii) A jet of water of cross section area and velocity 12m/s impinges
normally on a plane inelastic wall so that the velocity of water is destroyed
on reaching the wall. Calculate the thrust on the wall.
Qn11 (a) (i) Distinguish between a projectile and projectile motion.
(ii.) State four (04) assumptions that were put forward with regards to
projectile motion.
(b) The trajectory of a projectile is represented by:-

Where x and y are in m.

i. Find the angle of projection.
ii. Find the initial velocity of projectile
(c) A grasshopper can jump maximum distance 1.6m. if spends negligible
time on the ground. How far can it go in 10 seconds?
Qn12. (a) A 75Kg hunter fires a bullet of mass 10g with a velocity of 400m/s from a
gun of mass 5Kg. Calculate the:
i. Recoil velocity of the gun.
ii. Velocity acquired by the hunter during firing.
(b) A jumbo jet travelling horizontally at 50m/s at a height of 500m from
sea level drops a luggage of food to a disaster area.
i. At what horizontal distance from the target should the luggage be dropped?
ii. Find the velocity of the luggage as it hit the ground.
Qn13.(a)(i) Mention two characteristics of projectile motion
(ii) A ball is thrown with an initial velocity U of 48m/s directed at an angle
of 37o with the vertical.Find:-
• The X and Y components of U.
• The position of the ball, the magnitude and direction of its
velocity when t=2seconds.
• The highest point of the ball and the time taken to reach there.
• The range of the ball.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(iii) Why projectile motion is a two dimensional motion?

(iv) Mention two (2) uses of projectile motion in daily life
b)(i) A person sitting in a moving train throws a ball vertically upwards. How
does the ball appear to move to an observer?
• Inside the train?
• Outside the train?
(ii) From the top of a tower 156.8m high, a projectile is thrown up with a
velocity of 39.2m/s making an angle 30o with the horizontal direction. Find
the distance from the foot of tower, where it strikes the ground and the time
taken by it to do so.
(iiii)If the horizontal range of a projectile is R and the maximum height
attained by it is H, then prove that the velocity of projection is:-

(c) Draw the trajectory of the following equations of projectile motion

Where all symbol carry their usual meaning.

(d) (i) A missile fired from a point O, with velocity 40 m/s at an angle to
the horizontal, passes through a point distant 32m horizontally and 45m
vertically from
O. Show that there are two possible angles of projection ( give their values to
the nearest degree).Illustrate your answers on a diagram.
(ii) Prove that the velocity at the end of an oblique projectile is the
same in magnitude as at the beginning but the angle that it makes with the
horizontal is negative of the angle of projection
(iii) Prove that the motion of one projectile as viewed from another
projectile will be a straight line motion.
Qn14.(a)(i) State Newton’s first law of motion and Newton’s second law of motion
(ii) Show that the Newton’s first law of motion gives the qualitative
definition of force and the second law gives the measure (or quantitative
definition) of force.
(b) A mass less rope is passed over a frictionless pulley. LISA holds on to one end of
the rope and a mirror having the same weight as that of LISA, is attached to the
other end of the rope at the LISA’S level. Can LISA get away from his image
seen in the mirror?
• By climbing up the rope.
• By climbing down the rope.
• By releasing the rope.

(c ) An aircraft has 8 machine guns directed straight ahead. Each gun fires bullet
of mass 25g at the rate of 1200per minute with a muzzle velocity, measured when
the gun is stationary, of 730m/s.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

 NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

i. By how much is the speed of the aircraft reduced in 5 seconds, when all
the guns are firing, if the total mass of the machine and the pilot is
2720kg.
ii. Find the backward force exerted on the aircraft by the firing.
(d) (i) Define coefficient of restitution and show that in a collision in which
kinetic energy is conserved, momentum is also conserved.
(ii) Explain how the LIFT OFF of a rocket is achieved.
Qn15.(a)(i) State the general assumptions in studying projectile motion.
(ii) At which point of projectile motion:-
• Kinetic energy is maximum.
• Potential energy is maximum.
• Kinetic energy is minimum
• Velocity is minimum.
• Velocity is maximum.
(b) A body A is thrown from a point 40m from a cliff 90m high, at an angle of
elevation of 70o .At the same instant, another body B is thrown from the top of the
cliff at an angle of elevation of 30o with a speed of 20m/s. If the two bodies collide,
calculate
i. The speed of projection of body A.
ii. The time at which collision occurs.
iii. The horizontal distance from the cliff at which collision occurs.
iv. The vertical distance above the ground at which collision occur.
(c) Two particles are projected at the same time instant from a point 32m from
the foot of the post in directions making angles 600 and 450 with the horizontal,
so that the former strikes the top of the post at the same moment the latter strikes
the bottom of the post. Determine the height of a post.
Qn16. (a) Explain the following
i. It is difficult to move a cycle along a road with its brakes on.
ii. Proper inflation of tyres of vehicles saves fuel.
iii. Give one argument in favor of the fact that frictional force
is a non-conservative force
(b) (i) Define coefficient of restitution for a pair of colliding bodies.
(ii) A 10g bullet is fired from a rifle horizontally into a 5Kg block of wood
suspended by a string and the bullet gets embedded in the block. The impact
causes the block to swing to a height of 5cm above its initial level. Calculate
the initial velocity of the bullet.
Qn17.(a) State the principle of conservation of linear momentum and show
how it follows from Newton‟s laws of motions.
(b) A wooden block of mass 5kg is pulled along a rough horizontal table by
means of string parallel to the surface of a table which passes over a light
frictionless pulley at the edge of the table and carries a mass of 3kg the
resistance offered by the surface of the table to the motion of the block is
20N calculate the acceleration with which the block moves.
(c ) (i) A body of mass M1 moving with a velocity u collide inelastically with
M2 at rest. Show that the kinetic energy lost due to this impact is given by:-

(ii) What factor determines the energy loss in this case? How is the energy
loss compare when the factor you have mentioned is very large or very small

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(b) A wooden block of mass 5kg is pulled along a rough horizontal table by
means of string parallel to the surface of a table which passes over a light
frictionless pulley at the edge of the table and carries a mass of 3kg the
resistance offered by the surface of the table to the motion of the block is 20N
calculate the acceleration with which the block moves.
(c ) (i) A body of mass M1 moving with a velocity u collide inelastically with
M2 at rest. Show that the kinetic energy lost due to this impact is given by:-

(ii) What factor determines the energy loss in this case? How is the energy
loss compare when the factor you have mentioned is very large or very
small?
Qn18.(a) Explain why the velocity of a body undergoing projectile motion is
minimum at maximum height.
(b) A particle is projected from ground level with an initial speed u at an
angle θ to the horizontal.
• Derive an expression for the time T elapsed when its
velocity change signs.
• Derive expression for maximum height reached.
(c) A missile is projected from a ground level to a target at horizontal
distance of 120m if it took 4seconds for a missile to hit the target ,
determine;
i. The speed and direction of projection of the missile.
ii. The maximum height reached by the missile.
Qn19. (a) Outline the motions that add up to make projectile motion
(b) In the first second of its flight a its mass with a relative
1
rocket ejects of

60

velocity of 2400ms-1.
i. Find its acceleration.
ii. What is the final velocity if the ratio of initial to final mass of the
rocket is 4 at a time of 60seconds?
(c) A package of medical supplies is released from a small plane flying
over an isolated single settlement. The plane flies horizontally with a
speed of 25ms-1 at an altitude of 20m. Where will the package strike the
ground?
Qn20. (a) (i) State the Principle of conservation of linear momentum.
(ii) Give two (2) examples of the Principle stated in 3 (a) (i) above.
(b) A cannon of mass 1300kg fire a 72kg ball in a horizontal direction with a
nuzzle seed of 55ms-1. If the cannon are mounted so that it can recoil
freely, Calculate:-
(c) Recoil velocity of the cannon relative to the earth.
(d) Horizontal velocity of the ball relative to the earth.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(e) A particle of mass 3.0kg is attached to a point O on a smooth

horizontal table by means of a light in extensible string of length 0.5m. The
string is fully extended and the particle moves on the table in a circular path
about O with a constant angular velocity of 8.0 radians per second. Calculate
the tension in the string.
Qn21.(a) (i) What factors determine the span of jump?
(ii) The velocity of the maximum height of a projectile is half its initial
velocity of projection, . What is the horizontal distance of the projectile?
(b) A ball falling freely from a given height H hits an inclined plane in its
path at a height h as a result of this impact, the direction of velocity of the ball
becomes horizontal, for what value of the ball will take maximum time to
reach the ground?
(c) (i) State the condition for maximum horizontal range.
(ii) Give one similarity and one difference between projectile and
circular motion.
(d) (i) An aeroplane moving horizontally at 150m/s releases a bomb at a
height of 500m, the bomb hits the ground intended. What was the horizontal
distance of the aeroplane from the tangent when the bomb was released?
(ii) A boy throws a ball horizontally with a velocity of 8m/s from the top
of a building. The ball falls to the ground 12m away from the building.
What is the height of the building?
Qn22.(a) (i) State Newton’s laws of motion.
(ii) A 0.1kg ball moving at a speed of 5m/s in the positive x-direction
collide head on with 0.3kg ball that is at rest, assuming that collision is
elastic; determine the final velocity of two balls.
(b) A full fuelled rocket of mass 5000kg is set to be fired vertically. If the
rocket ejects its gases at a speed of 3 x 103m/s w.r.t the rocket and burns fuel at
the rate of 50kg/s. what is the rocket initial upward acceleration? Include the
effect of gravity.
Qn23.(a) (i) Outline the motions that add up to make projectile motion
(ii) If R is the horizontal range for θ inclination and hmax is the maximum
height reached by the projectile. Show that the maximum range is given
by:-
Rmax = R2/[8hmax + 2hmax]

(b) In the first second of its flight a rocket ejects of its mass with a relative
velocity of 6400ms-1.
i. Find its acceleration.
ii. What is the final velocity if the ratio of initial to final
mass of the rocket is 3 at a time of 40seconds?
(c) A package of medical supplies is released from a small plane flying over
an isolated single settlement. The plane flies horizontally with a speed of
25ms-1 at an altitude of 20m. Where will the package strike the ground?
Qn24 (a) A lighter object and heavier object have the same momentum. Which one
has greater kinetic energy? Show how you obtain your answer.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(b) (i) Define the term impulse and impulsive force.

(ii) A 2Kg ball moving horizontally at a speed of 30m/s is kicked backward
and moves with a speed of 10m/s at an angle of 30o above the horizontal.
Determine the impulse imparted on the ball.
(c) A block of mass m=1 Kg is pulled by a force of 10N at an angle θ =
o
60 with horizontal surface. Find the acceleration of the block if:-
i. The surface is frictionless.
ii. The coefficient of friction between the surface and block is μ=0.2.
Qn25. Mrs.ARISON sitting on the ground see an aero plane travelling horizontally
with a velocity of 200m/s at a height of 650m dropping a luggage of medicine
to the victims of COVID-19. If the luggage lands on a platform fixed on the
ground and that its horizontal distance covered is 51.9 times the height of the
platform, Determine,
a) The time taken by the luggage to land on a platform.
b) The height of the platform from the ground.

Qn26.A boy standing at the top of a tall building kicks a ball with a velocity of
56m/s which lands to the ground after 10seconds at a distance of 789m from
the foot of a building.
a) Find the angle of inclination to the horizontal at which the
ball was kicked.
b) Determine the height of the building.
c) Calculate the landing velocity of a ball and the angle it
makes to the horizontal at this instant.
Qn27. (a) A ball is thrown with velocity whose horizontal component is from a
point 1.3m above the ground and 6m away from a vertical wall 4.9m high in
such a way as just to clear the wall. At what time will it reaches the ground.
(b) A body is projected at an angle such that the horizontal range is three
times the greatest height.
i. Find the angle of projection
ii. If with this angle the range is 400m, find the necessary velocity
of projection and the time of flight.

3.CIRCULAR MOTION, SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION, AND GRAVITATION.

Qn1. (a) (i) Define simple harmonic motion.

(ii) Show that the equation y= A sin (wt + φ) represents S.H.M and explain
the meaning of the symbols y , wand φ.
(b) A body of mass 200g is executing S.H.M with amplitude of
20mm. The maximum force which an act up on it is 0.064N;
calculate:-
i. Its maximum velocity.
ii. Its periodic time of oscillation.
(c) The displacement in from the equilibrium position of a particle moving with
S.H.M is x in m given by:-
Where t is time in second measured from an instant when, x=0.
i. Calculate the time period of the oscillations and maximum
acceleration of the particle.
PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY
NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

ii. State the amplitude of the oscillation.

Qn2.(a) State Newton’s law of gravitational and derive the dimensions of
the gravitational constant.
(b) The time taken by the satellite to complete one revolution around the
earth’s is called time Period of the satellite. It is denoted by T, then show
that:-

Where is the mean density of the earth.

(c) Assuming the orbit of the earth about the sun to the circular (it is actually
slightly elliptical) with Radius 1.5 x 1011m. Find the mass of the sun, the earth
revolves around the sun in 3.15 x 107seconds.
Qn3. (a) What is the angular velocity?
(b) A stone of mass 0.6kg attached to a string of length 0.5m is whirled in a
horizontal circle at a Constant speed. If the maximum tension (force) in the
string is 30N before it breaks, calculate:-
i. The maximum speed of the stone.
ii. The maximum revolution per second it can make.
(c) A small mass of 5g is attached to one end of a light in extensible string
of length 20cm and the other end of the string is fixed. The string is held tout
and horizontal
and the mass is released. When the string reaches the vertical position, what are
the magnitudes of:-
i. The Kinetic energy (K.E) of the mass.
ii. The Velocity of the mass.
iii. The acceleration of the mass.
Qn4.(a) (i) What is the difference between Geostationary satellite and polar satellite?
(ii) Why space rockets are usually launched from west to east?
(b) (i) A satellite goes round the earth in 90minutes in a circular orbit.
Calculate the height of the satellite above the earth taking earth to be a
sphere of radius 6370 Km. The value of g at the orbit of the satellite is 9.8
m/s2
(ii) What is gravitational potential? and hence write down its expression.
(c) (i) What is banking of road?
(ii) A car whose wheels are 1.5m apart laterally and whose centre of gravity
is 1.5m above the ground round, a curve of radius 250m. Find the maximum
speed at which the car can travel without toppling.
Qn5.(a) (i) Differentiate between forced oscillation and free oscillation.
(ii) Will a simple pendulum vibrate at the centre of the earth? Explain.
(b) (i) Show that the total energy of a body executing S.H.M of y= ASin wt
is independent of time.
(ii) The simple harmonic motions are represented by the two equations.

What is the ratio of their amplitude?

Qn6. (a) (i) What is the criterion for an object to execute simple harmonic motion?
(ii) A body executing simple harmonic motion is associated with the
accelerating force acting on it, its velocity and its acceleration. Which of the
three physical quantities are in phase?

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(b) What do you understand by the following terms:-

i. Damped oscillations.
ii. Undamped oscillations
(c) (i) Sketch the wave form diagrams to represent the terms in 6 (b) above
(ii) A simple pendulum has a period of 1second in city A, where the
acceleration due to gravity is 9.66m/s2. When it is taken to city B it has a
period of 1.005seconds. Calculate the value of acceleration due to gravity in
city B.
Qn7. (a) (i) Mention one application of parking orbit.
(ii) Briefly explain how the parking orbit of a satellite is achieved?
(b) The Earth satellite revolves in a circular orbit at a height of 600km
above the Earth’s surface. Find:-
i. The velocity of the satellite.
ii. The period of the satellite.
(c) A man can jump 1.5m high on the Earth. Calculate the approximate height
he might able to jump on the planet whose density is ¼ that of the Earth
and radius is 1/3 of the Earth.
Qn8. (a) (i) Differentiate between perfect banking and imperfect banking.
(ii) A curve on a road forms an arc whose radius of curvature is 200m. if the
width of the road is 10m and its outer edge is 0.49m higher than the inner
edge, for what speed it is ideally banked?
(b) (i) Give two practical examples of oscillatory motion which
approximate to simple harmonic motion.
(ii) What conditions must be satisfied if the approximations are to be good ones?
(c)A Point mass moves with simple harmonic motion. Draw on the same
axes sketch graphs to show the variation with position of:-
i. The potential energy.
ii. The kinetic energy.
iii. The total energy of the particle.
(d ) A particle rests on horizontal platform which is moving vertically in simple
harmonic motion with an amplitude of 10cm. Above a certain frequency, the
thrust between the particle and the platform becomes zero at some point in the
motion.
i. What is frequency?
ii. At what point in the motion does the thrust become zero at this frequency?
Qn9. (a) (i) Define the term gravitational field strength.
(ii) Show that the gravitational field strength at a place is equal
to the acceleration due to gravity at that place.
(iii) Assuming that the earth were a hollow sphere. Sketch a graph
showing how the gravitational field strength would vary from the centre of
the earth. Explain the shape of your graph.
(b) A geostationary satellite of mass 2000kg is in its orbit, how much energy is
needed to take it out of the gravitational influence of the earth?
Qn10. (a) (i) Why does the kinetic energy of an earth satellite change in the
elliptical orbit?
(ii) Give two factors which determine whether a planet has an
atmosphere or not.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(b) A space craft is launched from the earth to the moon .If the mass of the
earth is 81 times that of the moon and the distance from the centre of the
earth to that of the moon is about 4.0 x 105 Km.
i. Draw a sketch showing how the gravitational force on
the spacecraft varies during its journey.
(c) Calculate the distance from the centre of the earth where the resultant
gravitational force becomes zero.
Qn11.(a)The equation of simple harmonic motion is given as,

Where x is in centimeter and t in second. Determine the:-

i. Amplitude.
ii. Initial phase of motion.
(b) (i) Show that the total energy of a body executing simple harmonic
motion is independent of time.
(ii) Find the periodic time of a cubical body of side 0.2m and mass
0.004Kg floating in water then pressed and released such that it
oscillates vertically.
Qn12. (a) Explain the following:-
i. It is difficult to move a cycle along a road with its brakes on.
ii. Proper inflation of tyres of vehicles saves fuel.
iii. Give one argument in favor of the fact that frictional force is a
non- conservative force.
(b)(i) Define coefficient of restitution for a pair of colliding bodies.
(ii) A 10g bullet is fired from a rifle horizontally into a 5Kg block of
wood suspended by a string and the bullet gets embedded in the block.
The impact causes the block to swing to a height of 5cm above its initial
level. Calculate the initial velocity of the bullet.
(c )(i) Explain the following observations
• A particle moving in circular path with a constant speed
has acceleration
• A motorbike rider bends while going around a corner.
(ii) A racing car goes around a circular curve as fast as it can without
skidding. The radius of the curve is 50m and the road is banked at 20o to
allow faster speed. If the coefficient of static friction between the road and
the tyres is 0.8, determine the maximum speed of the car.
Qn13.(a) (i) State the keplers laws of planetary motion
(ii) Derive the Newton’s law of gravitation from kepler’s law.

(b) At a certain instant, the earth ,the moon and a stationary spacecraft of
mass 1250kg lies at the vertices of an equilateral triangle whose sides are 3.84
x 103 Km in length.
i. Find the magnitude and direction of the net gravitational force
exerted on the spacecraft by the earth and the moon.
ii. What is the minimum amount of work required to move the
spacecraft far from the earth and the moon. Ignore any gravitational
effects due to other planets and the sun.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(c) (i) Show that the gravitational field strength at a place is equal to
the acceleration due to gravity at that place.
(ii) Assuming that the earth is a hollow sphere, Sketch a graph showing how
the gravitational field strength would vary from the centre of the earth.
Explain the shape of your graph.
Qn14 (a)(i) Define the terms amplitude and period as used in simple harmonic motion.
(ii) An object is moving with simple harmonic motion along x-axis with
a period of 0.3seconds and amplitude of 6.0cm.At t=0, the object is
instantaneously at rest at x=6.0cm. Calculate the time it takes the object to
go from 6.0cm to
-1.5cm.
(iii)In what circumstances will a particle execute simple harmonic motion?
(b) A block with mass 2kg attached to a horizontal spring of force constant
200N/m is moving with simple harmonic motion having amplitude of 5cm,at
the instant when the block passes through its equilibrium position, a lump of
putty of mass 200g is dropped vertically on to the block from a very small
height and stick to it.
i. Find the new amplitude and period.
ii. Calculate the energy loss in the process.
iii. Comment on the energy loss in (b) (i) above.
(c) A cylindrical test tube has an area of cross-section of 2.0 x 10-4 m2
,and is weighed with lead to have a total mass of 50g.It is then set floating
in air with a depth h immersed.
i. Why is it necessary to weigh it with lead?
ii. What is the frequency of oscillation when it is set into oscillation?
Qn15.(a) Describe the path of a moving body in the event that its acceleration
is a constant in magnitudes at all times and:-
i. Perpendicular to the velocity.
ii. Parallel to the velocity.
(b )(i) Explain why a bicycle rider leans inward while taking a turn.
(ii) A pail of water is rotated in a vertical circle of radius 1m. What is the
pail’s minimum speed at the top of the circle if no water is to spill out?
(c ) A body of mass 1kg is attached to the end of a string of length 1m, the
other end of which is fixed. The body is allowed to make a conical
pendulum with the string inclined at 30o to the horizontal, Calculate:-
i. The period of oscillation of the body.
ii. The tension in the string.

(d) A small block of mass M is placed in a hemi-spherical bowl of radius r

and the bowl is set rotating about its axis of symmetry. The radius vector of
the bowl through the block makes an angle with the vertical. Find the
angular speed and frequency of the bowl. If may be assumed that there is
no friction between the block and the bowl.
(e)(i) What is binding energy of an earth-satellite system?
(ii) A satellite of mass 4000kg moves round the earth in circular orbit of radius
7.5 x 106 m. What is the binding energy of the earth-satellite system?

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

Qn16.(a)(i) Differentiate between perfect banking and imperfect banking

(ii) A curve on a road forms an arc whose radius of curvature is 200m.If
the width of
the road is 10m and its outer edge is 0.49m higher than the inner edge, for
what speed it is ideally banked?
Qn17.(a) Define simple harmonic motion.
(b) A point mass move with simple harmonic motion. Draw on the same
axes, sketch the graph to show the variation with position of:-
i. Potential energy.
ii. Kinetic energy.
iii. Total energy of the particle.
(c) Two point masses describes simple harmonic motion along the same straight
line with an amplitude of 120mm.0ne radi
π
leads the other by a phase angle of

2
i. At what position from the central position do they cross?
ii. What is their greatest separation?
Qn18.(a) (i) State the law of orbit.
(ii.) Sketch the graph of variation of gravitational field strength with
distance from the centre of the earth.
(b) (i) Define intensity of gravitational field.
(ii) Does escape velocity depend upon the mass of the object to be
projected? Explain.
(c.) (i) Why the space rockets are generally launched West to East?
(ii) In a two stage launch of a satellite, the first stage brings the satellite to a
Height of 150km and the second stage gives if the necessary critical
speed to put it in a circular orbit. Which stage requires more expenditure
of fuel?

Qn19 (a) State the conditions for a oscillatory motion to be considered simple harmonic.
(b) A block with mass 2Kg attached to a horizontal spring of force constant
200Nm-1 is moving with simple harmonic motion having amplitude of 5cm. At
the instant when the block passes through its equilibrium position, a lump of
putty of mass 200g is dropped vertically on to the block from a very small
height and stick to it.
i. Find the new amplitude and period.
ii. Calculate the energy loss in the process.
iii. Comment on the energy loss in (b) (i) above
Qn20. (a) (i) What is meant by gravitational constants, G?
(ii) Briefly explain why Newton’s equation of universal gravitation does
not hold for bodies falling near the surface of the earth
(d) Show that the total energy of a satellite in its orbit equals half it
potential energy.

(e) A rocket is fired vertically upward with a speed of 5km/s from the surface
of the earth. How far from the earth does the rocket go before returning to
the earth?

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

Qn21.(a) (i) Give an expression for the restoring force acting on the body
executing simple harmonic motion (S.H.M).
(ii) How would the period of a simple harmonic oscillator be affected if
the amplitude of oscillation is doubled?
(b) Two particles of masses 0.8Kg and 0.3Kg are suspended by a
weightless spring of a force constant of 12.5N/m. If the first particle is gently
removed at equilibrium, calculate the:-
i. Amplitude of the second particle.
ii. Angular frequency of the second particle.
Qn22. (a) (i) What is meant by escape velocity?
(ii) Why the escape velocity in 22 (a) (i) does not depend on the
direction of projection.
(b) (i) How much would the gravitational potential energy of a body of
mass increase if it was moved from the earth surface to infinity?
(ii) A body of mass 5.0 x 103 Kg is at a height of 6.4 x 106m above the
earth’s surface. Determine the kinetic energy acquired by the body in
order to escape the earth’s field.
Qn23.(a) what provide the centripetal force for:-
i. A space capsule circling the earth.
ii. An electron orbiting the nucleus.
iii. A train traveling round a horizontal circular arc.
(b) A motorcycle has a constant speed of 25m/s as it passes over the top
of a hill whose radius of curvature is 130m. The mass of the motorcycle and
the driver is 350kg. Find:-
i. The normal force that acts on the cycle.
ii. The speed with which the cycle enters the hill.
(c) A satellite of mass 800kg is to be put into orbit 500km above the top
earth’s surface. How much energy is needed to place the satellite into the
orbit from the earth’s surface?
Qn24. (a) (i) Define simple harmonic motion (s.h.m).
(ii) Give three examples of systems which vibrate with approximate
simple harmonic motion.
(b) State the relationship between the force on a body and the distance of
the body from a fixed position when the body is executing is k will execute
s.h.m when given a small vertical displacement from its equilibrium position
and find the period of oscillation.
(c) A flat plate P executes horizontal simple harmonic motion by sliding
across a frictionless surface with a frequency of 1.5 Hz. A block B rests on the
plate, as shown in figure below and the coefficient of static friction between the
block and the plate is 0.6. What maximum amplitude of oscillation can the
plate block system have if the block is not to slip on the plate?

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

Qn25(a) (i) What is a centripetal force?

(ii)A string 0.5m long is used to whirl a 1kg in a vertical circle at uniform
speed of 5m/s. Determine the tension in the string when the stone is at:
i. The top of the circle.
ii. The bottom of the circle.
iii. (i) What is the criterion for an object to execute simple harmonic motion?
(ii) A body executing simple harmonic motion is associated with the
accelerating force acting on it, its velocity and its acceleration. Which of the
three physical quantities are in phase?
(ii) A simple pendulum has a period of 1second in city A, where the
acceleration due to gravity is 9.66m/s2. When it is taken to city B it has a
period of 1.005seconds. Calculate the value of acceleration due to gravity in
city B.

iv. The Earth satellite revolves in a circular orbit at a height of 600km

above the earth’s surface. Find:-
• The velocity of the satellite.
• The period of the satellite.
Qn26. (a) Define the following terms as used in simple harmonic motion.
i. Amplitude.
ii. Period.
(b) A simple pendulum of length 1.5m has a bob of mass 2.0kg.
i. State the formula for the period of small oscillation and
evaluate it in this case.
ii. If with a string taut a bob is pulled aside a horizontal distance
of 0.15m from the mean position and then released from rest,
find the kinetic energy and the speed with which it passes
through the mean position.
iii. After 50 complete swings, the maximum horizontal
displacement of the bob has become only 0.10 m . What
fraction of the initial energy has been lost.
(c) A cubical body ( 0.1m and mass 0.002kg) floats in water. It is pressed
and then released so that it oscillates vertically. Find the time period.

Qn27.(a) A bucket of water is swung in a vertical circle of radius r in such a way that
the bucket is upside down when it is at the top of the circle. What is the
minimum speed that the bucket may have at this point if the water is to
remain in it.
(b) Use Newton’s laws of motion to explain why a body moving with
uniform speed in a circle must experience a force towards the centre of
the circle.
(c) A particle is attached by means of inextensible string to a point 0.4m above
a smooth, horizontal table. The particle moves on horizontal table in a
circle of radius 0.3m with angular velocity ω. Find the reaction on the
particle in terms ω

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

Qn28. (a) Explain why an artificial satellite will revolve with high speed for
an orbit of small radius than for that of large radius
(b) Consider a circle that represents a planet of radius r = 4.8 x 106m with
gravitation field strength at the surface of 16N/Kg .

(i) Draw on the diagram a set of solid lines to represent the

gravitation field of the planet
(d) Calculate the difference in height of point P and Q above the surface of the
planet given that V =−5.5 x 107 J / Kg and V =−6.9 x 107 J / Kg
.

4 . ROTATION OF RIGID BODIES.

Qn1. (a) (i) Define torque and give its SI unit

(ii) A disc of moment of inertia of 2.5 x 10-4 kgm2 is rotating freely about an
axis through its centre at 20rev/min. If some wax of mass 0.04kg is dropped
gently onto the disc 0.05m from its axis, what will be the new revolution per
minute of the disc?
(b) Explain briefly why:-
i. Higher diver can turn more somersaults before striking the water?
ii. Dancer on skates can spin faster by folding her arms?
(c) A heavy flywheel of moment of inertia 0.4kgm2 is mounted on a
horizontal axle of radius 0.01m. If a force of 60N is applied tangentially to the
axle:-
i. Calculate the angular velocity of the flywheel after 5seconds from rest.
ii. List down two (2) assumptions taken to arrive at your answer in 1
(c) (i) above.
(d) A constant force of 40N is applied tangentially to the rim of a wheel of
radius 10cm mounted on a fixed axle which is initially at rest. If the wheel has
a moment of inertia of0.2Kgm-2 , calculate the:-
i. Torque acting on the wheel.
ii. Work done on the wheel after 5 revolutions.
Qn2. (a) Briefly explain the meaning of radius of gyration.
(b) Explain the following observations:-
i. Flywheels are often large diameter wheels with heavy rims
rather than disc type wheels of constant thickness.
ii. An ice skater rotates faster is she draws her arms closer to her body
(c) A constant torque of 200Nm twists a wheel about its axis is 100Kgm-2. Find
i. The angular velocity gained in 4 seconds.
ii. The kinetic energy gained after 20 revolutions.
(d) (i) Explain what is meant by moment of inertia and angular momentum.
(ii) A constant force of 30N is applied tangentially to the rim of wheel
mounted on a fixed axle and which is initially at rest. The wheel has
moment of inertia of 0.2Kgm-2 and radius of 15cm. Find the work done
on the wheel in 10 revolutions.
Qn3.(a) Define the following terms as applied in rotation dynamics:
i. Torque Ԏ .

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

ii. Angular acceleration.

(b) (i) Write down relation connecting the terms in (a) above.
(ii) Represent graphically the variation of Ԏ and ᾳ on a rigid body.
(c) A fly wheel rotates on a bearing which exerts a constant friction torque
of 12Nm. An external torque of 36Nm acts on the flywheel for 15 seconds, and
then removed. If the angular velocity of the flywheel increased from zero to
60rad/s in 15seconds period;
i. Calculate movement of material of the flywheel.
ii. Find at what further time the flywheel will come to rest.
(d)(i) Define moment of inertia qualitatively
(ii) A platform is rotating at an angular speed of 2.2rad/sec. A block is resting
in this platform at a distance of 0.30m from the axis. The coefficient of static
friction between the block and the platform is 0.75.Without any external
torque acting on the system, the block is moved towards the axis. Ignore the
moment of inertia of the platform, determine the smallest distance from the
axis at which the block can be relocated and still remain in place as the
platform rotates.
(e) Justify the statement that If no external torque acts on a body, its
angular velocity will not be conserved.
Qn4.(a) (i) Define the Parallel axes theorem and perpendicular axes theorem.
(ii) Define the term torque and give its SI unit.
(iii) If you stop a spinning raw egg for a shortest possible instant and the
released, the egg will start spinning again. If you do the same for a hard
–boiled egg, it will remain stopped. Explain this.
(b) Prove the result that velocity V of translation of a rolling body (like a
ring, disc, cylinder or sphere) at the bottom of an inclined plane of a height h is

given by:-
Using dynamical consideration (i.e., by consideration of forces and
torques).Note k is the radius of gyration of the body about its symmetry axis,
and R is the radius of the body. The body starts from rest at the top of the plane.
(c) A rigid body rotates about an axis with an angular velocity ω. If the
relevant moment of inertia of the body is I, show that its rotational kinetic
1
energy is I ω2.
2
-3
(d) A metal cylinder of moment of inertia 1.8 x 10 Kg and radius 3cm, can
rotate about its axis of symmetry which is horizontal. A string is wrapped round
the cylinder and a 800g mass is attached to the end of string. When the mass is
released it causes the cylinder to rotate. Find:-
i. The linear acceleration of the mass.
ii. The tension in the string.

Qn5. (a) (i) Define torque and give its SI unit

(ii) A disc of moment of inertia of 2.5 x 10-4 kgm-2 is rotating freely about an
axis through its centre at 20rev/min. If some wax of mass 0.04kg is dropped
gently onto the disc 0.05m from its axis, what will be the new revolution per
minute of the disc?

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(b) Explain briefly why:-

i. Higher diver can turn more somersaults before striking the water?
ii. Dancer on skates can spin faster by folding her arms?
(c) A heavy flywheel of moment of inertia 0.87 Kgm-2 is mounted on a
horizontal axle of radius 0.089m. If a force of 166N is applied tangentially to
the axle:-
i. Calculate the angular velocity of the flywheel after 5seconds
from rest.
ii. List down two (2) assumptions taken to arrive at your answer in 4 (c)
(i) above.

5. FLUID DYNAMICS

Qn1.(a) Define the following terms with respect to the fluid flow.
i. Critical velocity
ii. Reynolds’s number.
iii. Turbulent flow.
iv. Irrotational flow.
(b) Explain the following observations:-
i. Why you cannot remove the filter paper from the funnel by
blowing into the narrow end.
ii. A table tennis ball may be supported in a narrow jet of air.
iii. Why fire fighters have a jet attached to the head of their water pipes?
iv. People living in a houses far removed from a municipal water
tank often, find it difficult to get water on the top floor even if it
is situated lower than the level of water tank. Why?
v. Why the wings of an aero plane are rounded outwards while
flattened inwards?
(c )(i) State the Poiseuille’s theorem
(i) The level of liquid in a cylindrical vessel is kept constant at 35cm. It
has three identical horizontal tubes of length 39cm each coming out at
heights 0 cm, 5 cm and 9 cm respectively. Calculate the length of a single
overflow tube of the
same radius as that of the three identical tubes which can replace them,
when placed horizontally protruding at the bottom of the cylinder.
(d) A garden hose has an inside cross-sectional area of 3.60cm2 and the
opening in the nozzle is 0.25cm2. The water velocity is 50m/s in a segment of
the hose that lies on the ground
i. With what velocity does the water leave the nozzle when it is
held 1.50m from the ground?
ii. What is the water pressure in the hose on the ground? Given:
Pressure at the nozzle is 1atm and density of water is 1000kg/m3.
Qn 2.(a)(i) State the Bernoulli’s principle
(ii) Briefly explain three application of Bernoulli’s principle.
(iii) Mention three important features of an ideal liquid.
(b) (i) Water flows steadily along a horizontal pipe at a volume rate of 8 x 10-3
m3s-1. If the area of cross-section of the pipe is 40cm2, calculate the flow
velocity of the water.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(ii) Find the total pressure in the pipe if static pressure in the horizontal pipe is
3.0 x 104 Pa, assuming the water is incompressible, non-viscous and its
density is 1g/cm3
(iii) What is the new flow velocity if the total pressure is 3.6 x104 Pa?
(c) Give reason for the following observations as applied in viscosity.
i. Why the viscosity of gases increases with the rise of temperature?
ii. High viscosity liquids are used as buffers in trains.
iii. Machine parts are jammed in winter.
(d) (i) Show that if three capillaries of radii r1, r2 and r3 and having L1, L2
and L3 respectively are connected in series across head of pressure P, the rate of
flow of the liquid is given by:-

(ii) A fully loaded Boeing aircraft has a mass of 3.3 x 105Kg. Its total
wing area is 500 m2 .It is in level flight with a speed of 960Km/hr.
• Estimate the pressure difference between the lower and upper
surfaces of the wings.
• Estimate the fraction increase in the speed of the air on the upper
surface of the wing relative to the lower surface.
Qn3.(a) (i) The oils used as lubricants should have greater value of viscosity. Why?
(ii) State the equation of continuity.
(iii) Give any two differences between streamline flow and turbulent flow.
(b) (i) What does critical velocity and Reynolds`s number signify in a fluid flow?
(ii) Explain why when temperature increases, the viscosity of liquids
decreases while the viscosity of gases increases?
(c) Calculate the critical velocity for air flowing through a tube of 1x10-2 m
radius. Given that density of air p=1.3 kgm-3 and ɳ=181x10 Nsm-2 and
NR=2000.
(d) (i) What is terminal velocity?
(ii) In an experiment to determine the coefficient of viscosity of motor oil the
following measurements were made; mass of glass sphere, m=0.12g,
diameter of sphere, d=4mm, terminal velocity of sphere, V=5.4cm/s, density
of oil, p=860kg/m3. Calculate the coefficient of viscosity of the oil.
Qn4. (a) State Bernoulli`s principle and give all the limitations.
(b) Derive the Bernoulli’s equation from,
i. Work-Energy theorem.
ii. Newton’s second law of
motion Give all the
assumptions used.
(c) What is an aero foil and explain how is it made to lift up?
(d) (i) State Torricelli`s theorem.
(ii) A drum of 30 cm radius has a capacity of 220dm3 of water. It contains
198dm3 of water and is placed on a solid block of exactly the same size as
drum. If a small hole is made at lower end of the drum perpendicular to its
length, find the horizontal range of water on the ground in the beginning.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(e) The flow of blood in a large artery of an anaesthetized dog is diverted

through a venturimeter. The wider part of the meter has a cross-section area
equal to that of the artery, A=8mm2.The narrower part has an area a=4mm2. The
pressure drop in the artery is 24Pa. what is the speed of the blood in the artery?
Assume density of blood ρ=1.0 x103 kgm-3.
Qn 5.(a) Write short notes on the following terms as applied in fluid dynamics
i. Laminar flow.
ii. Turbulent flow.
iii. Critical velocity.
iv. Reynolds number.
v. Irrotational flow.
vi. Rotational flow,
vii. Compressible fluid.
viii. Incompressible fluid
(b) Twelve spherical raindrops of equal size are falling vertically through air
with a terminal velocity of 56m/s .What would be the terminal velocity if these
two drops were to coalesce to form a large spherical drop?
(c ) (i) Write the Poiseuilli’s formula. Using method of dimensions, find
the expression for the Poiseuilli’s formula.
(ii) Two capillaries of the same length and radii in ration 1: 2 are connected
in series and a liquid flows through this system under streamline conditions.
If the pressure across the two extreme ends of the combination is 67m of
water, what is the pressure difference across the first and second capillary?
(d) Water is flowing through a horizontal pipe having different cross-sections at
two points A and B. The diameters of the pipe at A and B are 0.6m and 0.2m
respectively. The pressure difference between points A and B is 18m column of
water. Calculate the volume of water flowing per second.
Qn.6 (a) (i) Give the difference between types of liquid flow.
(ii) Based on the concept of dimension analysis, prove that the critical
velocity is given by:-

Where k=1100 and the symbols carry their usual meaning.

(b) (i) Why does smoke go up a chimney?
(ii) Water flows faster than honey. Why?
(c) A large bottle is fitted a siphon made of glass tubing, compare the
coefficient of viscosity of water and petrol. If the time taken to empty the bottle
in the two cases is in the ratio of 20:50. Specific gravity of petrol is 0.8
(d) (i) What is terminal velocity?
(ii) An oil drop falls through air with a terminal velocity of 5 x 10-4m/s.
Calculate terminal velocity of a drop of half of this radius.
Qn7.(a) Distinguish between the following terms as applied to the study of
fluid dynamics.
i. Streamline and turbulent flow of fluid.
ii. Compressible and incompressible fluid.
iii. Terminal and critical velocity.
(b) Account for the following observations using the knowledge you get by
studying fluid dynamics:-
i. Dust generally settles down in a closed room.
ii. Clouds seem floating in the sky. Why?

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(c) Two equal drops of water are falling through air with steady velocity
-1
10cm . If they combine to form a single drop, what will be the new terminal
velocity?
(d) One of the most interesting applications of the Bernoulli’s theorem is
Venturimeter which is used to determine the pressure and velocity in the main
pipe by utilizing a constricted pipe, the fluid which is passed in the
Venturimeter has its density ρ.
i. Show that the velocity at the constricted part of the
Venturimeter is inversely proportional to the square root of its
density.
ii. State the assumption(s) used in your derivation above.
iii. A venturimeter is 37.5cm in diameter in the mains and 15cm
diameter in the throat. The difference between the pressure of water
in the mains and throat is 23 cm of mercury. Find the rate of
discharge of water from the venturimeter.

6 .PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Qn1 (a) (i) Define the term surface tension

(ii) Describe how can you determine (or measure) the surface
tension by microscope slide.

(b)(i) Several spherical drops of a liquid of radius r coalesce to form a single

spherical drop of radius R. If T is the force of surface tension, calculate the
release of energy during the process, if all energy released is converted into the
kinetic energy, Find the velocity acquired by the drop in terms of T, r, R and ρ,
where ρ is the density of the drop.
(ii) The lower end of a clean capillary tube of internal diameter 0.8mm is
dipped into a beaker containing a soap solution and at the upper end; there is a
bubble of diameter 4.0mm of the same soap solution. If the soap solution of
density 1.0g/cm3 rises 25.6mm up the tube, what is the surface tension of soap
solution?
(c ) (i) Give four ( 4 ) assumptions of kinetic theory of gases.
(ii) Derive an expression for the gas pressure.
(d) (i) Define the term mean free path.
(ii) Derive an expression for the mean free path.
Qn2.(a) (i) How do you distinguish elasticity from plasticity?
(ii) Calculate the work done in stretching copper wire of 100cm long and
0.02cm2 cross sectional area when a load of 120N is applied.
(b) (i) Mention any two factors on which modulus of elasticity depend
(ii) A rubber cord of a catapult has cross sectional area of 2mm2 and
original length 0.2m and is stretched to 0.24m to fire a small stone of
10g.Calculate the initial velocity of the object when it just leave the
catapult.
(c) Briefly explain the following observations
i. Soap solution is better cleansing agent than ordinary water.
ii. When a piece of chalk is put into water, it emits bubbles in all directions.
PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY
NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(d) (i) Two spherical soap bubbles are combined. If V is the change in
volume of the contained air, A is the change in total surface area, Show that
3PaV + 4AT = 0, Where T is the surface tension and Pa is the atmospheric
pressure.
(ii) There is a soap bubble of radius 3.6 x 10-4 m in air cylinder which is
originally at a pressure of 105 N/m2 .The air in the cylinder is now compressed
isothermally until the radius of the bubble is halved. Calculate the pressure of
air in the cylinder.
Qn3 (a) (i) Water rises to a height h inside a clean glass capillary tube of radius 0.2
mm when the tube is placed vertically inside a beaker of water. Calculate h
if the surface tension of water is 0.07N/m2 and the angle of contact is zero.
(ii) The tube is now pushed into water until 4.0cm of its length is above
the surface. Describe and explain what happens.
(b ) State Hooke’s law and define Elastic limit.
(c) A copper wire LM is fused at one end, M to an iron wire MN. The
copper wire has length 0.900m and cross-section 0.90 x 10-6 m2 .The iron wire
has length 1.400m and cross-section 1.3 x 106 m2 .The compound wire is
stretched; its total length increases by 0.0100m. Calculate:-
i. The ratio of the extensions of the two wires.
ii. The extension applied to the compound wire.
iii. The tension applied to the compound wire.
Qn4.(a)(i)Define surface tension in terms of energy.
(ii) What amount of energy will be liberated if 1000 droplets of water each
1o-8 m diameter coalesce to form a large spherical drop? Surface tension of
water is 0.072N/m.
(b)(i)Suppose that 64 raindrops combine into a single drop. Calculate the ratio of
the total energy of the 64 drops to that of a single drop.
(ii)If a number of little droplets of water, all of the same radius r, coalesce to
form a single drop of radius R, show that the rise in temperature is given by:-

Where γ is the surface tension of water and J is the

mechanical equivalent of heat.
( c)The tension in skin of the left ventricle of the heart is 4.90N/m. A 4cm cut
is made on the left ventricle during open-heart surgery. How many stitches
must be used to repair the cut? Each stitch will safely support a tension of
0.4N.
(d) A spherical soap bubble of radius R is floating in a gas inside a cylinder
fitted with a frictionless piston. The piston is slowly then withdrawn with no
rise in temperature of the gas until the radius of the bubble is doubled. Show
that the final pressure, P, of the gas in the cylinder is then given by:-

Where Po the original is pressure of the gas in the cylinder and γ is the
coefficient of surface tension of the soap solution.
Qn5.(a) A spring 60cm long is stretched by 2cm by the application of a
load of 200g.What will be the length when a load of 500g is applied?

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(b) Calculate the percentage increase in length of a wire of diameter 2.2mm

stretched by a load of 100kg. Young’s modulus of wire is 12.5 x 1010 N/m2.
( c) An aluminum cube of each side 4cm is subjected to a tangential force. The
top face of the cube is sheared 0.012cm with respect to the bottom. Find:-
(i) Shearing strain.
(ii) Shear stress and
(iii) Shearing force. Given that modulus of rigidity is 2.08 x 1010 N/m2
(d) A 40kg girl whose leg bones are 4cm2 in area and 50cm long falls
through a height of 2m without breaking his leg bones. If the bones can
stand a stress of 0.9x 108Nm-2 .Calculate the young’s modulus for the
material of the bone.
Qn6.(a) Define the following terms
(i) Longitudinal strain.
(ii) Compressibility.
(iii) Poisson’s ratio
(b) The rubber cord of catapult has a cross- section area of 1 x 10-6m2 and
total unstretched length of 0.1m. It is stretched to 0.12m and them released to
project a missile of mass 5 x 10-3Kg. If Young’s modulus of rubber is 5 x
108Nm-2. Calculate the value of velocity of projection.
(c) (i) Why iron is more elastic than rubber?
(ii) What is ultimate strength of a material?
(d) (i) Mention two factors that affecting angle of contacts.
(ii) There is a soap bubble of radius 2.4 x 10-4m in air of cylinder which is
originally at a pressure of 105Nm-2.The air in the cylinder is now compressed
isothermally until the radius of the bubble is halved. Calculate now the
pressure of air in the cylinder.
Qn.7(a) (i) All molecular motion ceases at 0K. Explain.
(ii) When does Charle’s law fail?
(b) (i) Calculate the root mean square speed of an air molecule of
temperature , if one mole of air has a mass of 29g.
(ii) What is ideal gas?
(e) Estimate the mean free path and collision frequency of nitrogen molecule in a
cylinder containing nitrogen of 2atm and temperature 17oC. Take the radius of a
nitrogen molecule to be roughly 1.0Å. Compare the collision time with the time
the molecule moves freely between successive collisions.
(f) (i) What is monatomic gas?
(ii) Calculate the total number of degree of freedom possessed by the
molecules of 1cm3 of H2 gas of at N.T.P.
Qn 8 (a) What do you understand by the following terms:-
(i) Elastic bodies.
(ii) Plastic bodies.
(iii) Elastic
energy. (iv)Elastic
hysteresis
(b) Explain the following.
(b) Why work is required to be done to stretch a wire? Where does the
energy stored?
(c) What will happen to the potential energy if a wire is:-
(i) Compressed? (ii) stretched?
PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY
NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(c) Estimate the mean free path and collision frequency of nitrogen
molecule in a cylinder containing nitrogen of 2atm and temperature 17oC. Take
the radius of a nitrogen molecule to be roughly 1.0Å. Compare the collision
time with the time the molecule moves freely between successive collisions.
(d) (i) What is monatomic gas?
(iii) Calculate the total number of degree of freedom possessed by the
molecules of 1cm3 of H2 gas of at N.T.P.
Qn 8 (a) What do you understand by the following terms:-
(i) Elastic bodies.
(ii) Plastic bodies.
(iii) Elastic
energy. (iv)Elastic
hysteresis
(b) Explain the following.
(i) Why work is required to be done to stretch a wire? Where does
the energy stored?
(ii) What will happen to the potential energy if a wire is:-
• Compressed?
• Stretched?
(iii)Two identical solid balls, one of ivory and the other of wet-clay,
are dropped from the same height on the floor. Which will rise to
a greater height after striking the floor and why?
(c ) What is the density of water at a depth where pressure is 80atm, given
that its density at the surface is 1.03 x 103 Kgm-3.
(d) A rigid bar of mass 15 Kg is supported symmetrically by three
wires each of 2.0cm long. Those at each end are of copper and the middle
one is of iron.
Determine the ratios of their diameters if each is to have the same tension.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

7. HEAT

Qn1. (a) Two thermometers are based on different properties but they are calibrated
by using the same fixed points. To what extent are the thermometers likely to
agree when used to measure temperature.
(i) Near one of the fixed points?
(ii) Mid – way of the two fixed points?
(b) (i) Explain why a thermometer registers its own temperature?
(ii) A faulty thermometer has 98.5oC and – 0.5oC marked as upper and
lower fixed points. What is the correct temperature if this faulty
thermometer reads 23oC?
(c) A thermocouple is constructed of gold and iron whose thermoelectric powers are
25.8+0.01 θ and 117.5 – 0.048θ microvolt’s per oC. Find
(i) Neutral temperature.
(ii) The maximum e.m.f obtained with this thermocouple.
Qn2. (a) (i) What is a reversible adiabatic change?
(ii) State the condition for an adiabatic change to take place.
(b) Show that for an ideal gas the curves relating pressure and volume
for an adiabatic change have a greater slope than those for an isothermal
change at the same pressure.
(c) Is it possible for the temperature of a substance to rise without heat
flowing into it? Does the temperature of a substance necessary have to change
because heat flows into or out of it ? In each case give your reasoning and use
the example of an ideal gas.
Qn3. (a) (i) Brief explain how a temperature scale can be realized.
(ii) Explain why the same temperature measured on two different scales
need not have the same value.
(iii) The following readings were obtained with a constant –
volume air thermometer

Calculate the room temperature.

(iii)One face of a sheet of cork, 3mm thick, is placed in contact with
one face of a sheet of glass 5mm thick, both sheets being 20cm
square. The outer faces of this square composite sheet are
maintained at 100oC and 20oC , the glass being at a higher mean
temperature. Find:
• The temperature of the glass – cork interface.
• The rate at which heat is conducted across the sheet,
neglecting edge effects.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(b) The first law of thermodynamic can be written ∆Q =∆ U + ∆W .Where

∆Q is the heat supplied to a substance, ∆U is the increase in its internal energy,
and ∆W is the external work done by the substance.
(i) What information does the law provide about the energy involved
in a given process?
(ii) What situation or process is described by
writing? (1) ∆Q =O. (2) ∆U =O .
(3) ∆W =O .
Qn4. (a) Briefly explain why:-
(i) The tile floor feels colder than the wooden floor, even though both
floor materials are at the same temperature.
(ii) The good absorber of radiant energy appear black.
(b) An aluminum foil of relative emittance is 0.2 placed between two
concentric spheres at temperatures of 200K and 100K respectively.
Calculate the:-
(i) Temperature of the foil at steady state condition.
(ii) Rate of heat transfer between one of the spheres and the foil.
(c) (i) How does triple point differ from critical temperature?
(ii) Two absolute scales A and B have triple points of water defined to
be150A and 250B. What is the relation between TA and TB?
Qn5. (a) What is meant by the following terms as used in thermodynamics:-
(i) Isolated system.
(ii) Closed system.
(b) (i) Briefly explain the idea on which the first law of thermodynamics is based.
(ii) 1.og of water becomes 1254cm3 of steam at a pressure of 1.013 x 105Pa. If
the latent heat of vaporization at this pressure is 1857 Jg-1. Calculate the
external work and increase in internal energy.
(c) (i) Give two examples of irreversible process.
(ii) A motor car tyre has a pressure of four atmospheres at a room
temperature of 27oC . If the tyre suddenly busts, calculate the temperature of
escaping air.
Qn6.(a) Define the following terms:-
(i) Temperature.
(ii) Thermometric property.
(iii) Thermometer.
(iv)Inversion
temperature.
(b) (i) What is the difference between a boiling point and the triple point.
(ii) State two advantages of using platinum resistance

thermometer. (c.) In a certain thermocouple, the thermo e.m.f is

given by:-

Where θis the temperature of the hot junction; the cold

junction be at 0oC. If a=10 μV oC-1 andβ=−1 μV oC-2. Find:-
20
(i) The neutral temperature.
(ii) The temperature of inversion.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

Qn7.(a) (i) Differentiate between heat and temperature.

(ii) Give a brief account of the principles underlying the
establishment of temperature scale.
(b) (i) Define the terms perfect black body and emissivity
(ii) State Kirchhoff’s law of heat radiation
(iii) A composite bar is made of a bar copper 10cm long and iron 8cm long,
both of the same Cross section area and are in series. If the free end of copper
is maintained at 100oC and the free end of iron bar at 0oC.Determine the
temperature of the junction.
Qn8. (a) (i) Define thermometric property of a material.
(ii) What qualities make a particular property suitable for use in a
practical thermometer?
(b) (i) State two conditions for an e.m.f to appear between the junction
of the thermocouple.
(ii) The e.m.f ,E (mV) of a certain thermocouple is found to vary
with temperature, t , according to the relation:

Where t is the temperature of the hot junction, the cold junction

kept at 0oC.What is the neutral temperature of the thermocouple?
(c) The value of the property X of a certain substance is given by:

Where θ is the temperature in degree Celsius. What would be the Celsius

temperature defined by the property X which corresponds to a
temperature of 50oC on this gas thermometer scale?
Qn9.(a) (i) Describe how mercury in glass thermometer could be made sensitive.
(ii) A sensitive thermometer can be used to investigate the
difference in temperature between the top and bottom of the
waterfall. Calculate the temperature difference of the water fall 50m
high.
(b) (i) The resistance and gas thermometers may show different values in
measuring the temperature of the surrounding. Explain the reason behind.
(ii) Give two (2) advantages and disadvantages of the electrical
resistance thermometer.
(c) The electrical resistance in ohms of a certain thermometer varies with the
temperature according to the approximate law. RT =R 0[ 1+ 0.0005(T −T 0)]
.The resistance is 101.6Ω at the triple point of water and 165.5Ω at the
normal point of lead (600.5K).By graphical method determine the
temperature when the resistance is 123.4Ω. Given triple point of water as
273.16K.
Qn10. (a) How is a centigrade temperature defined on:-
(I) the scale of constant – volume gas thermometer?
(I) the scale of platinum resistance thermometer?

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(b) A constant mass of gas maintained at constant pressure has a volume of

200.0cm3 at the temperature of melting ice, 273.2cm3 at the temperature of
water boiling under standard pressure, and 525.1cm3 at normal boiling point
of sulphur. A platinum wire has resistance of 2.000Ω, 2.778Ω, and 5.280 Ωat
the same temperatures. Calculate the values of the boiling point of sulphur
given by the two sets of observations and comments on the results
(c )Explain the observations that, a piece of metal when heated it first appears
red then white.
Qn11. (a) (i) Brief explain how a temperature scale can be realized.
(ii) Explain why the same temperature measured on two different
scales need not have the same value.
(iii) The following readings were obtained with a constant –
volume air thermometer.

Calculate the room temperature.

(b) One face of a sheet of cork, 3mm thick, is placed in contact with one
face of a sheet of glass 5mm thick, both sheets being 20cm square. The outer
faces of this square composite sheet are maintained at 100oC and 20oc,the glass
being at a higher mean temperature. Find:-
(i) The temperature of the glass – cork interface.
(ii) The rate at which heat is conducted across the sheet,
neglecting edge effects.
(c) The temperature of 5.0 moles of oxygen is increased from 290 K to 310
K at a constant pressure of 6.0 x 105 Pa. Take the molar special capacity for
oxygen as 39 Jmol-1K-1 and calculate:-
(i) The heat supplied.
(ii) The volume change.
(iii) The work done by the gas in expanding.
Qn12.(a) Explain how a centigrade temperature scales is defined, illustrating your
answer by reference to a platinum resistance thermometer.
(b) The resistance Rt of platinum wire at temperature toC, measured on gas
scale, is given by Rt =Ro (1+ at + b t2), where a=3.800x 10-3 and b=-5.7 x 10-7.
What temperature will the platinum thermometer indicate when the temperature
on the gas scale is 200oC?
(c) (i)Define the thermal conductivity of a material.
(ii) A copper kettle has a circular base of radius 10cm and thickness
3.0mm. The upper surface of the base is covered by a uniform layer of scale
1.0mm thick.
The kettle contains water which is brought to the boil over an electric heater.
In the steady state condition, 5.0g of steam is produced each minute.
Determine the temperature of the lower surface of the base assuming the
conduction of heat along the surface of the kettle can be neglected .Thermal
conductivities of copper and scale are 382Wm-1 K-1 and
1.34Wm-1K-1respectively.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

temperature will the platinum thermometer indicate when the temperature on

the gas scale is 200oC?
(d) (i)Define the thermal conductivity of a material.
(iii) A copper kettle has a circular base of radius 10cm and thickness
3.0mm. The upper surface of the base is covered by a uniform layer of scale
1.0mm thick.
The kettle contains water which is brought to the boil over an electric heater.
In the steady state condition, 5.0g of steam is produced each minute.
Determine the temperature of the lower surface of the base assuming the
conduction of heat along the surface of the kettle can be neglected .Thermal
conductivities of copper and scale are 382Wm-1 K-1 and
1.34Wm-1K-1respectively.
Qn13.(a) Explain briefly why:-
(i) The tile floor feels colder than the wooden floor, even though both
floor materials are at the same temperature?
(ii) You can hold your fingers beside the candle without harm but
not above the flame?
(b) (i) State three (3) laws of a black body radiations.
(ii) The roof which measures 20m by 50m is blackened. Find the solar
energy incident onto the roof per minute if the temperature of the sun’s
surface is about 6000K, given that half of the energy is absorbed while
passing through the atmosphere, the roof being normal to the sun’s rays.
Qn14. (a) (i) State the first law of thermodynamics, defining all the terms involved.
(ii) An ideal gas is kept in the thermal contact with a very large body of
constant temperature T and undergoes an isothermal expansion in which its
volume changes from V1 to V2. Derive an equation for the work done by the
gas.
(b) (i) Assuming that the human body has the total surface area of 1.18m2 and
surface temperature of 300C. Find the total rate of radiation energy from the
body if emissive power of the body is 30%.
(ii) A metal sphere with a black surface and radius 40mm is cooled to -77oC
and placed inside an enclosure at a temperature of 23oC. Calculate the initial
rate of temperature rise of the sphere, assuming that the sphere is a black
body.
Qn15.(a) (i) State Stefan’s law.
(ii) The sun’s rays are focused by a concave mirror of diameter 12cm fixed
with its axis towards the sun onto a copper calorimeter, where they are
absorbed. If the thermal capacity of the calorimeter and its contents is 247.8
Joule per degree centigrade and the temperature rises by8oC in 2 minutes.
Calculate the heat received in 1minute by a square metre of the earth’s
surface when their rays are incident normally.
(b) (i) State two limitation of Newton‟s law of Cooling
(ii) A body cools from 80oC to 70oC in 10minutes. What will be the
temperature of the body in 15minutes If surrounding is kept at 28oC.
Qn16.(a) Define the following process:-
(i) Isobaric.
(ii) Isochoric.
(b)What amount of heat is to be transferred to nitrogen gas in an isobaric
heating so that the gas may perform 2J of work?

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(b) (i) Absolute zero is not the temperature of zero energy. Explain
(ii) What is the specific heat in an isotherm change?
Qn17. Explain what is meant by a scale of temperature and how a temperature is
defined in terms of a specified property?
Qn18. When a particular temperature is measured on scales based on different
properties it has a different numerical value on each scale except at certain
points. Explain why this is so and state:-
a) At what points the values agrees and
b) What scale of temperature is used as a standard?
Qn19. Explain the principles of two different types of thermometer one of which is
suitable for measuring a rapidly varying temperature and the other for
measuring a steady temperature whose value is required to a high degree of
accuracy. Give reasons for your choice of thermometer in each case.
Experimental details are not required.
Qn20.(a) What is the value of the temperature θ in 0C on the scale of a
platinum resistance thermometer if R 0=2.000 ohms , R 100=2.760
ohms and Rθ=2.480 o hms? (ans. 63.16oC)
(b) The resistance of a wire at a temperature θ0C measured on a standard
scale is given by:- Rθ=R 0 (1+ Aθ +10−3 Aθ2) where A is a constant. When the
thermometer is at a temperature of 50.00C on a standard scale, what will be the
temperature indicated on the resistance scale? (ans. 47.7oC)
Qn21. A particular resistance thermometer has a resistance of 30.00ῼ at the ice
point, 41.58ῼ at the steam point and 34.59ῼ when immersed in a boiling
liquid. A constant-volume gas thermometer gives readings of 1.333 x105Pa,
1.821 x 105Pa and 1.528 x 105Pa at the same three temperatures. Calculate
the temperature at which the liquid is boiling:
a) On the scale of the gas thermometer.(ans 39.960C)
b) On the scale of the resistance thermometer.(ans. 39.640C)
Qn22.The resistance Rθ of a particular resistance thermometer at a Celsius
temperature θ as measured by a constant-volume gas thermometer is given by:-
Rθ=50.00+ 0.1700θ+ 3.00 x 10−4 θ2. Calculate the temperature as measured
on the scale of the resistance thermometer which corresponds to a temperature
of 60oC on the gas thermometer. (ans. 56.400C)
Qn23. A bath of oil is maintained at a steady temperature of about 180oC, which is
measured both with a platinum resistance thermometer and a mercury-in-glass
thermometer. Explain why you would expect the temperatures indicated by the
two thermometers to be different. At what temperatures would the two
thermometers show the same value?
Qn24.(a) Explain why two thermometers using different thermometric properties
and calibrated at two fixed points, would not necessarily show the same
temperature except at the fixed points.
(b) Why is the constant volume gas thermometer chosen as a standard?
(c ) What type of thermometer is recommended accurately to measure a
temperature of :-
(i) About 15K and
(ii) 2000K.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

Qn.25.(a) Explain how a temperature scale is defined.

(b) Discuss the relative merits of:-
(i) a mercury-in-glass thermometer.
(ii) a platinum resistance thermometer.
(iii)a thermocouple , for measuring the temperature of an oven which
is maintained at about 300oC.
Qn.26

Using the above data, which refer to the observations of a particular room
temperature using two types of thermometer, calculate the room temperature on
the scale of the resistance thermometer and on the scale of the constant volume
gas thermometer. Why do these values differ slightly? (ans 16.6oC , 17.00C)
Qn27.The value of the property X of a certain substance is given by:-
Xt =X 0+ 0.50t +( 2.0 x 10−4) t2,
Where t is the temperature in degrees Celsius measured on a gas
thermometer scale. What would be the Celsius temperature defined by the
property X which corresponds to a temperature of 500C on this gas
thermometer scale? (ans, 49.04oC)
Qn28. A particular physical property X of a substance changes in magnitude on
heating. Explain how you might use the property to obtain a Celsius
temperature scale. The relation connecting the magnitude of X and the
absolute temperature T is given by:-

Where T is greater than 223K and ,a is a constant . Derive an expression for the
Celsius temperature t based on this scale and establish the relation between t
and T. What is the value of t corresponding to T= 423K? (ans 112.5oC)
X
Qn29.A temperature T can be defined by T =T ( ), where T is the assigned

f f
f
temperature of a fixed point and X and X f are the values of a thermometric
property of a substance at T and T f respectively. On the ideal-gas scale , the
fixed point is the triple point of water and T f =273.16 K .

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

a) List four thermometric properties which are used in

thermometry. Explain why certain thermometric properties of
a gas are taken as standard.
b) Explain what is meant by a fixed point and by the triple point of water.
c) Sketch and label the simple form of constant-volume gas
thermometer found in school laboratories, and describe how it is
used to determine the boiling point of a liquid on the ideal-gas
scale.
d) For a thermometer which is not based on the properties of
gases, explain how you would calibrate it in terms of the
ideal-gas scale.
e) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the constant-volume
gas thermometer with those of any two other types of
thermometers.
f) The pressures recorded in a certain constant-volume gas
thermometer at the triple point of water and at the boiling point of a
liquid were 600mm of Hg and 800mm of Hg respectively. What is
the apparent temperature of the boiling point? However, it was
found that the volume of the thermometer increases by 1% between
the two temperatures. Obtain a more accurate value of the boiling
point.(Ans. 364.21K ; 367.86K)
Qn30. Mercury in a faulty centigrade thermometer stands at 5o mark when
placed in melting ice and at 95o mark when in steam at normal pressure.
What will be its reading when it is placed in contact with a body at 40oC?
(Ans 41oC)
Qn31 .A thermometer has wrong calibration. It reads the melting point of ice as
-10oC.It reads 60oC in place of 50oC.What is the temperature of boiling point of
water on this scale? (Ans 130oC)
Qn32 .(a) If two temperatures differ by 25 degree on Celsius scale, what is the
difference on Fahrenheit scale? (Ans. 45oF)
(b) The triple point of neon and carbon dioxide are 24.57K and
216.55K respectively. Express these temperatures on the Celsius and
Fahrenheit scales. (Ans.On Celsius scale -248.58oC, -56.6oC) and On
Fahrenheit -415.44oF,
-69.88oF)
(c ) Two absolute scales A and B have triple points of water defined to be 200A
and 350B. What is the relation between TA and TB?
Qn33.(a)What is meant by a thermometric property? What qualities make a
particular property suitable for use in a practical thermometer? .A Celsius
temperature scale may be defined in terms of a thermometric property X by
the following:-

Where X 0 is the value of the property at the ice point, X 100 at the steam point,
and X at some intermediate temperature. If X is plotted against θ a straight line
always results no matter what thermometric property is chosen. Explain this.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(b )The ideal gas scale of temperature is one based on the properties of an ideal
gas. What is the particular virtue of this scale? Describe very briefly how
readings on such a scale can be obtained using a thermometer containing a real
gas.
Qn34.(a) How is centigrade temperature defined
(i) On the scale of a constant-pressure gas thermometer.
(ii) On the scale of a platinum thermometer?
(b)A constant mass of gas maintained at constant pressure has a volume of
200.0cm3 at the temperature of melting ice, 273.2cm3 at the temperature of
water boiling under standard pressure, and 525.1cm3 at the normal
boiling-point of sulphur. A platinum wire has resistances of 2.000Ω, 2.778Ω
and 5.280ῼ at the same temperatures. Calculate the values of the boiling-point
of sulphur given by the two sets of observations, and comment on the results.
(Ans. 444.1oC and 421.6oC )
Qn35. (a) How is a scale of temperature defined? What is meant by a temperature of
15oC? On what evidence do you accept the statement that there is an absolute
zero of temperature at about -273oC.

(b) In a special type of thermometer a fixed mass of gas has a volume of

100.0cm3 and a pressure of 81.6cm of mercury at ice point, and volume
124.0cm3 with pressure 90.0 cm of mercury at steam point. What is the
temperature when its volume is 120.0cm3 and pressure 85.0 cm of mercury and
what value does the scale of this thermometer give for absolute zero? Explain
the principle of your calculation. (ans,68oC , -272oC)
c ) (i) On the kinetic theory model of a gas what is the interpretation
of temperature?
(ii) How does this theory explain:-
• the rise in pressure when the temperature of a gas is
increased at constant volume and
• the rise in temperature which occurs when a gas is
compressed quickly?
Qn36.(a) How may a scale of temperature be defined?
(b) Draw a clearly labeled diagram of a simple constant volume gas
thermometer which could be used to calibrate a thermocouple on the constant
gas scale of temperature. Describe the procedure you would adopt to measure a
temperature on the constant volume gas scale.
(c ) Describe a simple form of thermocouple suitable for use at about
room temperature.
Qn37.(a).Explain what is meant by a change in temperature of 1oC on the scale
of a platinum resistance thermometer?
(b)Draw and label a diagram of a platinum resistance thermometer together
with a circuit in which it is used.
(c )(i) Give two advantages of this thermometer and explain why, in its
normal form, it is unsuited for measurement of varying temperatures.
(ii) The resistance Rt of platinum varies with the temperate toC as
measured by a constant volume gas thermometer according to the equation.
Rt =R 0(1+8000 αt – α t2). Where α is constant. Calculate the temperature on
the platinum scale corresponding to 400oC on this gas scale.(ans. 3850C )
Qn38. Describe briefly how temperature is measured on each of the following
types of meter.
(i) Resistance thermometer.
PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY
NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

.
(Ii)Thermocouple, and
(III) Optical pyrometer.
Details of structure and circuitry are not required. State the reasons, the use
for which each of the three above types of thermometer is particularly
suitable.
Qn39. A liquid-in-glass thermometer uses liquid of which the volume varies
with temperature according to the relationship Vθ=V 0 (1+ aθ+bθ2)
Where Vθ and V 0 are the volumes at θoC and 0oC on the gas scale respectively and
a and b are constants. If a= b x 103, what temperature will be indicated on
the liquid-in - glass scale when that on the gas thermometer is 60oC? (ans.
57.8oC)
Qn40.(a) Give a brief account of the principles underlying the establishment of a
scale of temperature and explain precisely what is meant by the statements that
the temperature of a certain body is:-
(i) t oC on the constant volume air scale.
(ii) t poC on the platinum resistant scale, and
(iii) t T oC on the Cu-Fe
thermocouple scale. Why are these three
temperatures usually different?.
(b)Describe an optical pyrometer and explain how it is used to measure
the temperature of a furnace.
Qn41.(a) Tabulate various physical properties used for measuring temperature.
Indicate the temperature range for which each is suitable.
(b) Discuss the fact that the numerical value of a temperature expressed on
the scale of the platinum resistance thermometer is not the same as its value on
the gas scale except at the fixed points.
(c ) If the resistance of a platinum thermometer is 1.500 ohms at 0oC, 2.060
ohms at 100oC and 1.788 ohms at 50oC on the gas scale, What is the difference
between the numerical values of the latter temperature on the two scales? (Ans
1.43oC)
Qn42. The electrical resistance in ohms of a certain thermometer varies with
temperature according to the approximate law; R=R 0{1+ α ( T – T 0)}. The
resistance is 101.6 Ω at the triple-point of water 273.16K and 165.5Ω at the
normal melting point of lead (600.5K). What is the temperature when the
resistance is 123.4Ω? (Ans. T2 = 384.8K)
Qn43. (a)Answer the following:-
(i) The triple-point of water is a standard fixed point in modern
thermometry. Why? What is wrong in taking the melting
point of ice and the boiling point of water as standard fixed
points (as was originally done in the Celsius scale?
(ii) There were two fixed points in the original Celsius scale as
mentioned above which were assigned the number 0oC and
100oC
respectively. On absolute scale, one of the fixed points is the
triple- point of water, which on the kelvin absolute scale is
assigned the number 273.16K What is the other fixed point on
this (Kelvin) scale)

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(b) The absolute temperature (Kelvin scale) T is related to the temperature

tcon the Celsius scale by, tc =[ T −273.15].Why do we have 273.15 in this
relation and not 273.16?

(c) What is the temperature of the triple–point of water on an absolute

scale whose unit interval size is equal to that of the Fahrenheit scale?
(Ans.491.69oF).

Qn44. Two ideal gas thermometers A and B use oxygen and hydrogen respectively.
The following observations are made:-

(i) What is the absolute temperature of normal melting point of

sulphur as read by thermometers A and B? (Ans. 392.69K and
391.98K)
(ii) What do you think is the reason behind the slight
difference in answers of thermometers A and B? (The
thermometers are not faulty).What further procedure is
needed in the experiment to reduce the discrepancy
between the two readings?

Qn45.(a) Calculate the quantity of heat conducted through 2m2 of brick-wall 12cm
thick in 1hour if the temperature on one side is 8oC and the other side is 28oC.
Given that thermal conductivity of brick = 0.13Wm-1K-1 (Ans.156, 000J).

(b) Estimate the rate at which ice melts in a wooden box 2cm thick and inside
measurements 60cm x 60cm x 60cm.Assume that external temperature is 27oC
and the coefficient of thermal conductivity of wood= 0.1674 Wm-1K-1.Specific
latent heat of fusion of ice = 336 x 103 JKg-1 (Ans. 1.45 x 10-3 kgs-1)

(c ) A composite bar is made of a bar of copper 10cm long , a bar of iron 8cm
long and a bar of aluminum 12cm long all having the same cross-sectional
area.If the extreme ends of the bars are maintained at 100oC and 10oC
respectively. Find the temperature at the two junction. Given that thermal
conductivity of copper, iron and aluminum are 400, 40, and 20 Wm-1K-1
respectively.

(d) Calculate the theoretical percentage change in heat loss by conduction

achieved by replacing a single glass window consisting of two sheets of glass
separated by 10mm of air. In each case the glass is 2mm thick. (The ratio of
thermal conductivities of glass to air is 3:1)(Ans.94℅).

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

8. VIBRATION AND WAVES

Qn1. (a) (i) Define the term phase difference.

(ii) What is the working principle of musical instrument?

(b) (i) The equation of a progressive wave traveling in positive x - direction is given
by:- y= A sin (wt −kx ). = 2 πa
Show that the .
maximum velocity,V T

(ii) For a string stretched between two supports, two successive standing
waves with the frequencies 525Hz and 630Hz. If the speed of transverse
wave on the string is 384m/s, what is the length of the string? Assume that
the mass of the wire is small enough for its effect on the tension in the wire
to be neglected.
(c) The sun rotates with a period of 24.7 days and has a radius of 7.00 x
108 m. For a terrestrial observer, calculate the resultant Doppler shift of light of
wavelength 500nm which is emitted from the solar equation at which side of
the disc.
(d) (i) Why do clouds appear white?
(ii) If there were no atmosphere, what would be the colour of the sky?
Qn2.(a) (i) What is polarization?
(ii) The refractive index of diamond for sodium light is 2.417. Find the
angle of incidence for which the light reflected from diamond is completely
plane polarized.
(b) (i) What is diffraction grating?
(ii) A source emits speed lines of wavelength 589 nm and 615nm. This
light is incident normally on the diffraction grating of 600 lines per mm.
Calculate the angular separation between the 1st orders diffracted waves.
(c) (i) What is monochromatic source?
(ii) A two slits young’s experiments is done with a monochromatic light of
wavelength 6000Å. The slits are 2 mm apart and the fringes are observed on a
screen placed 10 cm away from the slits and it is found that the interference
pattern shifts by 5mm when a transparent of thickness 0.5mm is introduced in
the path of one of the slits. What is the refractive index of the transparent
plate?
(d) Newton’s rings apparatus is to be used to determine the radius of
curvature of a lens. The radii of the nth and (n+20)th bright rings are measured
and found to be 0.162cm and 0.368cm respectively in light of wavelength
546nm. Calculate the radius of curvature of the lower surface of the lens.
Qn3.(a)(i) Give two characteristics of wave motion
(ii) Distinguish between longitudinal and transverse waves. Give at least four
(4) points.

(b) (i) What factors determine the velocity of a wave in the medium
(ii) Explain and show how the Newton’s formulae for the velocity of sound
wave in air is incorrect. How is corrected?

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(c )(i) State the principle of superposition

(ii) A tube of a certain diameter and of length 48cm is open at both ends.
Its fundamental frequency of resonance is found to be 320HZ. The velocity
of sound in air is 320ms-1.Estimate the diameter of the tube. One end of the
tube is now closed, Calculate the lowest frequency of resonance for the tube.
(d)(i) Prove that when the source approaches the stationary listener with a
particular velocity, the apparent frequency is higher than that, if the
listener approaches a stationary source with the same velocity.
(ii)What do you understand by Doppler broadening?. The Doppler
broadening of a line in the spectrum of light emitted by a gaseous source is
due to the motion of the atoms emitting the light.
• State two factors on which the speed of the atoms in the
source depends.
• Determine which gaseous source would have less
Doppler broadening, a mercury lamp at 200oC or a
krypton at 0oC.
Qn4 (a)(i) State the Huygens principle.
(ii) Name four (4) important conditions required for suitable interference of
light wave to take place.
(iii) List and explain with examples, the methods of achieving coherence.

(b)(i) Two coherent source of intensity ratio K: 1 interface. Prove that in

the interference on the screen formed on a distant screen:-

(ii) In young’s experiment, the wavelength of red light is 780nm, and that of
blue light is 520nm. Find the value of n for which the (n + 1)th blue band
coincides with the nth red band.
(c ) (i) Explain how Newton rings can be used to test the accuracy of grinding of
the face of a lens.
(ii)The face of a lens has a radius of curvature of 50cm.It is placed in
contact with a flat face and Newton’s rings are observed normally with
reflected light of wavelength 5 x 10-7m. Calculate the radii of the fifth and
tenth bright ring?.
(d) (i) List down two (2) uses of Polaroids
(ii) State Brewster’s law. The polarized angle of a transparent medium is
60o. Determine the refractive index of the medium and the refracting angle.
Assume that light is incident in air.

Qn5. (a) (i) What are three characteristics of stationary wave?

(ii) Given; y=0.8 sin 16 π {t + x / 40 } metre . Identify the equation is it
stationary or progressive? Calculate the wavelength and the velocity of the
wave represented by this equation.

(b) (i) What happens to velocity of sound produced by vibrating

sonometer wire if its tension multiplied by four?
(ii) A 50 cm long wire is unison with a tuning fork of frequency 256Hz
when stretched by a load of density 9gcm-3 hanging vertically. The load is

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

 NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

then immersed in water. By how much the length of the wire should be
reduced to bring it again in unison with the same tuning fork?
(c) A resonance tube resonates with a tuning fork of frequency 256Hz. If the
lengths of the resonates air column are 32cm and 100cm. what is the value of
the end correction?
(d) A car moving at 72km/h with its horn blowing is chasing another car
moving at 54 km/h. Calculate the apparent frequency of the horn as heard by
the driver being chased. Given that frequency of a horn is 1200Hz.
γP
Qn6. (a) Use the formulae V = , to explain why the speed of sound in air

ρ
(i) Is independent of pressure.
(ii) Increases with temperature.
(iii) Increases with humidity.
(b) A stone dropped from the top of a tower of height 300m high splashes
into the water of a pond near the base of the tower. When is the splash heard
at the top?
(c)A transverse harmonic wave on a string is described by:-
Y ( x , t )=3.0 sin(36 t +0.018 x+ π / 4)
Where x and y are in cm and t in seconds. The positive direction of x is
from left to right.
(i) Is this a travelling wave or stationary wave?
(ii) What are its amplitude, frequency, wavelength and speed?
(iii) What is the initial phase at the origin?
(iv)What is the least distance between two successive crests in the wave?
(d)(i) Obtain the formula for the Doppler Effect when the source is moving
with respect to a stationary observer.
(ii) A whistle giving out 500Hz moves away from a stationary observer in a
direction towards and perpendicular to a flat wall with a velocity of 1.5ms-1
.How many beats per second will be heard by the observer?

Qn7. (a) Why can’t interference fringes be observed if oil film is thick?
(b) In Young’s double slit experiment, the slits are 2mm apart and are
illuminated with a mixture of two wavelengths 750nm and 900nm.The
distance from the common central bright fringe on a screen is 2.0m from the
plate of the slits .
(i) Find the distance of the fourth bright fringe on the screen from
the central maxima for the wavelength of 900nm.
(ii) At what minimum distance from the common central fringe on
the screen will a bright fringe from one interference pattern
coincide with the bright fringe from the other?
(c )(i) Identify three ways in which Young’s experiment can be improved.
(ii) In a thin wedge experiment using light source of wavelength 600nm a
paper of thickness 0.02mm is placed 11cm from the point of contact of
slides. Calculate the fringe separation and the angle between slides.
(d) (i) What is a plane polarized light?
(ii) Unpolarized light is incident on a material of refractive index 1.5. At
what angle of incident will the reflected and refracted ray form an angle
of 90o with each other?

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

Qn8.(a)(i) Name two properties which are common to all types of mechanical waves.
(ii) Why a stationary wave is so named?
(iii) An observer places his ear at the end of a long steel pipe. He can
hear two sounds, when a workman hammers the other end of the pipe.
Why?
(b) The displacement of the medium in a sound wave is given by the equation:-
Y = Acos (ax +bt ) ,Where A, a and b are positive constants. The wave is
reflected by an obstacle situated wave is 0.64 times that of the incident wave.
(i) What are the wavelength and frequency of the incident wave?
(ii) Write the equation of the reflected wave.
(iii)In the resultant wave formed after reflection, find the maximum
and minimum values of the particles speeds in the medium.
(c )Describe the dust tube experiment. How may it be used to compare the
velocities of sound in different gases? The fundamental frequency of
longitudinal vibration of a rod clamped at its centre is 1500Hz. If the mass of
the rod is 396.0g, find the increase in its total length produced by a tension due
to a load of mass 71kg.
(d)(i) Why Doppler Effect in light is symmetrical?
(ii) The wavelength of yellow sodium line (5896Å) emitted by a star is red
shifted to 6010Å. What is the component of the of sight?.

Qn 9.(a) (i) Explain what is meant by the term path difference with reference to
the interference of two wave motions?
(ii) Why is it not possible to see interference where the light beams from the
head lamps of a car overlap?
(b) In young’s experiment, the wavelength of red light is 9780nm, and that
the blue light is 7828nm. Find the value of n for which the (n + 1)th blue band
coincides with the nth red band.
(c) (i) What are the Newton rings and under what conditions can they be observed?
(ii) The face of a lens has a radius of curvature of 70cm. It is placed in
contact with a flat phase and Newton’s rings are observed normally with
reflected light of wavelength 5x 10-7m. Calculate the radii of the fifth and
tenth bright rings?
(d) (i) State Malus law.
(ii) A beam of unpolarised light is sent through three ideal Polaroid sheets.
The orientation of the line along which the second sheet no oscillating
electric field is rotated in a certain sense by an angle of 20o with respect to
the orientation of that line in the first sheet. The orientation of that line in the
third sheet is rotated in the same sense with respect to the orientation in the
first sheet by 800 . What fraction of the light intensity incident on the system
passes through it?

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

9. ELECTROSTATICS

Qn1. (a) (i) State the coulomb’s law

(ii) Derive the expression for Coulomb’s law from Gauss’s law.
(iii) Four charges +5 μC,+5 μC ,−5 μC and −5 μC are placed at the corners
A, B, C and D at a square of side 1m. Calculate the electric field intensity at
the center of the square.
(b) Briefly explain the following:-
(i) Does coulomb’s law of electric force obey Newton’s third
law of motion?
(ii) Given two point charges q1 and q2 such that q1.q2¿0. What
is the nature of the force between them?
(c) In the circuit below the resistance R is 10KΩ, C is the capacitance of
1000μF and the resistance of the battery and the milliameter are negligible.

Calculate the milliameter reading expected:-

(i) Immediately after the switch is S1 is closed.
(ii) 15 seconds later.
(iii) After several minutes.
(d) The following circuit is set up with both switches open. Assume that the
internal résistance of the 15V cell is negligible.
(i) Calculate the charges stored on the capacitors C1, C2 and C3.
(ii) With S1 closed but S2 left open.
(iii) With both switches closed.

Qn2.(a) (i) What do you understand by specific charge?

(ii)An electron is liberated from the lower end of two large parallel metal
plates Separated by a distance h=20 mm.The upper plate has a potential of
+240V relative to the lower. How long does the electron take to reach it?
(b) (i) Define the terms capacitance and electric potential
(ii)The capacitance C of a capacitor is fully charged by a 200V battery. It is
then discharged through a small coil of resistance wire embedded in a thermal
isolated block of specific heat capacity 2.5 x 102 JKg-1K-1 and of mass 0.1 kg.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

If the temperature of the block rises by 0.4K, What is the value of C?

(c)(i) Calculate the value of two equal charges if they repel one another with a
force of 0.1N when situated 50cm apart in a vacuum.
(ii) What would be the size of the charges if they were situated in an
insulating liquid whose permittivity was ten times that of vacuum?
(d) An electron of charge 1.6 x 10-19C is situated in a uniform electric field
of intensity 120000Vm-1 .Find the force on it, its acceleration, and the time it
takes to travel 20mm from rest.
Qn3.(a) ABC is a right angled triangle where AB and BC are 25cm and 60cm
respectively. A metal sphere of 2cm radius charged to a P.D of 9.0 x 105V
is placed at B. Find the amount of work done in carrying a positive charge
of 1C from C to A.
(b) Electrostatic force partly resembles and partly differs Gravitation force. Explain.
(c) By using the coulomb’s law of electrostatics, derive an expression for the
electric field strength E, due to a point charge if the material is surrounded by a
material of permittivity ɛ and hence show how it relates with charge density δ.
(d) Describe the structure and the mode of action of a simplified version of
the Van de Graff generator.
Qn4. (a) (i) State Coulomb’s law and define the term „Relative permittivity‟
(ii) Two similar balls of mass, m are hang from silk thread of length „L‟ and
carries similar charge, q. Assume that angle is so small in such a way that tan
θ can be replaced by approximate equal to sin θ .To this approximate, Show
that:-

Where x is the separation between the balls. If L=120cm, mass m=10g and
x= 5cm what is q?
(b) (i) State the relationship between electric field intensity and potential gradient.
(ii) Draw the graph to show how potential V inside and outside the
hollow sphere varies with distance r.
(c ) An electric field is established between two parallel plates as shown below.

The plates are 50cm apart and a PD of 1000V is applied between them. A
point charge of value +1.0μC is held at point A, it is moved first to B then
to C and finally back to A. Find:-
(i) The force experienced by the charge at A.
(ii) The force experienced by the charge at B.

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(iii) The energy involved in moving the charge from

A to B. (iv)The energy involved in moving the charge
from C to A.
(iv)The net energy needed to move the charge along the route ABCA.
Qn5.(a) What is Van de Graf generator? And mention two uses of that generator
(b) (i) Briefly describe three factors affecting the capacitance of the capacitors
(ii) Calculate the capacitance of a parallel plate air capacitor of plate’s area
30m2, the plates being separated by a dielectric 2mm thick and of relative
permittivity 6. If the electric field strength between the plates is 500V/m,
calculate the charge on each plate.
(c) Derive an expression for energy stored in a charged capacitor of
capacitance C connected across the potential V.
(d) A 5μF capacitor (X) is charged by a 40V supply, and is then
connected across an uncharged 20μF capacitor Y. Calculate;
(i) The final p.d across each.
(ii) The final charge on each.
(iii) The initial and final energies stored by the capacitors.
(e) A 5μF capacitor is charged by a 12V supply and then discharged
through a 2.0MΩ resistor. What is the charge on the capacitor at the start of the
discharge and at 5seconds?
Qn6.(a)If you rub a strip polythene with a cloth the polythene will pick up small
piece of paper.
(i) What is happening when the polythene is being rubbed with cloth?
(ii) Explain how the polythene is able to pick up the piece of paper.
(b) Find the force between two point charges +6μC and +5μC situated 0.3m
apart in air. Is the force of attraction or repulsion?
(c) Two large horizontal, parallel metal plates are 2.0cm apart in vacuum
and the upper is maintained at a positive potential relative to the lower so
that the field strength between them is 2.5x 105V/m.
(i) What is the p.d .between the plates?
(ii) If an electron of charge 1.6 x 10-19C and mass 9.1 x 10-31Kg is
liberated from rest at the lower plate. What is its speed on
reaching the upper plate?
(d) (i) Give four similarities and four differences between gravitational and
electrostatic forces
(ii) Compare the electrical and gravitational forces between a proton of
charge +e and mass M =1.7 x 10-27 Kg at distance r from an electron of
charge –e and mass m=9.1 x 10-31 Kg. Given that electronic charge
e=1.6x10-19 C.
Qn7.(a) (i) State gauss’s law.
(ii) Use gauss’s law to Prove that the coulomb force as given by;

Where all symbol carry their usual measuring.

(b) (i) Mention three factors that affect capacitance of the capacitor.
(ii) A 600pF Capacitor is charged by a 200v supply. If is then discharged
from the supply and is connected to another unchanged 600pF capacitor. How
much electrostatic energy is lost in the process?

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY

 NEW syllabus
Tutorial Questions Advanced Level Physics Learn through Reflection

(iii) Two positive charges of 16 x 10-10C and 12 x 10-10C are placed 10cm
a part. Find the work done in bringing the two changes 4cm closer.

I WISH YOU ALL THE BEST

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

PREPARED BY : DR. ADAM .A. MZIRAY