GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Government Engineering College, Bhavnagar
Report On
Gas Leakage detection system using Arduino
Under the subject of
Summer Internship (3181101)
B.E. Semester–VIII
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Submitted by:
Akshay Sharma (210210111067)
Under the supervision of
Prof. Pratik Gohel
(Internal and External in case of Internship)
Faculty guide:
Dr. Janak Trivedi
Head of the Department
Prof. (Dr.) N B Gohil
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department Academic year
(2024-25)
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Table of content
1. Introduction to project
1.1 Project overview
1.2 Purpose
1.3 Functionality aspect
1.4 Scope
1.5 Components
1.6 Time evaluation
1.7 Cost evaluation
2. Project Description
2.1 Overview
2.2 Components description
2.3 Circuit diagram
2.4 Methodology
2.5 Working
2.6 Results
3. Conclusion
4. References
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Project Name: Gas Leakage detection system using Arduino
1. Introduction to project
Gas leakage is a serious concern in industrial, domestic, and commercial
environments. Early detection of gas leaks can prevent accidents and save lives.
This report presents a gas leakage detection system using Arduino, which
utilizes a gas sensor to detect the presence of harmful gases and alerts the user
through an alarm and LED indicator.
1.1 Project Overview
The Gas Leakage Detection System using Arduino is designed to provide an
efficient and costeffective solution for detecting harmful gases in various
environments. This system utilizes the Arduino Uno microcontroller and an
MQ-2 gas sensor, capable of detecting LPG, methane, propane, and other
gases. When the sensor detects gas concentrations above a specified
threshold, the Arduino activates a buzzer and LED to alert users of the potential
danger. The system is designed for continuous monitoring, ensuring real-time
detection and prompt response to gas leaks. Its straightforward design and
implementation make it suitable for industrial, domestic, and commercial
applications, enhancing safety and preventing accidents caused by gas leaks.
Future enhancements could include wireless alerts and data logging for
improved functionality and user experience.
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of the Gas Leakage Detection System using Arduino is to provide
an efficient, reliable, and cost-effective solution for early detection of gas leaks
in various environments, including industrial, domestic, and commercial
settings. Gas leaks can pose significant risks, including fire hazards, explosions,
and health dangers due to inhalation of toxic gases. By utilizing the MQ-2 gas
sensor and Arduino microcontroller, the system continuously monitors the air
for harmful gases and alerts users through audible and visual alarms when
dangerous gas levels are detected. This early warning mechanism helps prevent
accidents, ensuring the safety and well-being of individuals and property.
1.3 Functionality aspect
The gas leakage detection system using Arduino operates through continuous
monitoring, alerting, and prevention mechanisms. At its core, the MQ-2 gas
sensor detects the presence of gases like LPG, methane, and smoke in the
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environment. This sensor outputs an analog signal proportional to the
concentration of gas detected. The Arduino microcontroller reads this analog
signal and compares it against a predefined threshold. When the gas
concentration exceeds this threshold, the Arduino activates both a buzzer and
an LED. The buzzer provides an audible alarm, while the LED offers a visual
indicator, ensuring that the presence of a gas leak is immediately noticeable.
This dual alert system enhances safety by ensuring that users are promptly and
clearly informed of potential gas hazards, allowing for quick action to mitigate
any risk. The system's simplicity, combined with its real-time monitoring
capabilities, makes it an effective solution for detecting gas leaks in various
settings, from homes to industrial sites.
1.4 Scope
The scope of the Gas Leakage Detection System using Arduino encompasses
several critical areas to ensure safety and effectiveness in detecting gas leaks.
This system is designed for use in a variety of environments, including
residential homes, commercial spaces, and industrial settings where gas
leakage poses significant risks. The primary objective is to provide an early
warning system that can detect harmful gases such as LPG, methane, propane,
and other combustible gases, thereby preventing potential hazards such as
explosions, fires, and health issues.
The system employs the MQ-2 gas sensor, which is sensitive to a range of gases,
offering a broad detection capability. The integration with Arduino allows for
real-time monitoring and processing of sensor data, enabling immediate
response through visual (LED) and auditory (buzzer) alerts. This ensures that
users are promptly informed of any gas leaks, allowing for swift action to
mitigate risks.
Furthermore, the system is designed to be cost-effective and user-friendly,
making it accessible for widespread use. The use of readily available
components like the Arduino Uno, MQ-2 sensor, LED, and buzzer ensures that
the system can be easily assembled and maintained. The flexibility of the
Arduino platform also allows for future enhancements, such as integrating
wireless communication modules for remote alerts or adding data logging
capabilities for tracking gas concentration trends over time.
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1.5 Components
• Arduino UNO
• MQ-2 Gas Sensor
• Buzzer
• LED (Light Emitting Diode)
• Resistors
• MOSFET
• Wires
• Breadboard
• Servo motor
• CPU Fan
1.6 Time evaluation
• Planning and Design: Time Estimate: 1-2 days
Description: Quickly define project requirements, select components, and
outline the system architecture. Develop a high-level project plan with key
milestones and deliverables.
• Hardware Assembly and Prototyping:
Time Estimate: 3-4 days
Description: Swiftly assemble hardware components (Arduino Uno, servo
motor , LED , buzzer, etc.) and wire them together.
• Software Development: Time Estimate: 5-7 days
Description: Rapidly develop software components, focusing on essential
functionalities.
Program the Arduino to interface with the servo motor, CPU fan and buzzer
• Integration and Testing: Time Estimate: 2-3 days
Description: Integrate hardware and software components quickly to ensure
basic functionality. Conduct basic testing, including unit testing and initial
system testing, to identify and address major issues.
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• Deployment and User Testing:
Time Estimate: 1-2 days
Description: Deploy the prototype for limited user testing and feedback.
Gather initial user input to identify critical improvements and usability issues.
• Documentation and Finalization: Time Estimate: 1 day
Description: Document essential project details, including system architecture,
hardware assembly instructions, and basic software documentation. Finalize
project deliverables and prepare for presentation or demonstration.
• Total Estimated Time: Approximately 13-19 days (allowing a buffer
for unexpected issues or refinements)
• This accelerated schedule focuses on rapid prototyping, minimal
viable product (MVP) development, and basic functionality testing.
It emphasizes quick iterations and prioritizes essential features to
meet the project deadline of 15 days. Regular communication and
prioritization of tasks are crucial to ensure efficient progress and
successful completion within the specified timeframe.
1.7 Cost Evaluation
1. Arduino UNO Board: ₹500 - ₹700
Description: The main microcontroller board that controls the entire system.
2. MQ-2 Gas Sensor: ₹150 - ₹300
Description: A versatile sensor capable of detecting various gases like LPG,
methane, and smoke. It changes its conductivity based on the gas concentration
in the air.
3. Buzzer: ₹50 - ₹100
Description: Emits a loud sound to alert users when a gas leak is detected.
4. LEDs (Red and Green): ₹20 - ₹50
Description: Indicates the status of the system. The red LED lights up when a gas
leak is detected, and the green LED indicates normal conditions.
5. Breadboard and Jumper Wires: ₹100 - ₹200
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Description: Used for prototyping and connecting the components without
soldering.
6. Power Supply (USB Cable): ₹50 - ₹100
Description: Provides power to the Arduino board.
Total Estimated Cost: ₹870 - ₹1,450
2. Project Description
2.1 Overview
• The Gas Leakage Detection System using Arduino is designed to
provide an efficient and costeffective solution for detecting harmful
gases in various environments. This system utilizes the Arduino Uno
microcontroller and an MQ-2 gas sensor, capable of detecting LPG,
methane, propane, and other gases. When the sensor detects gas
concentrations above a specified threshold, the Arduino activates a
buzzer and LED to alert users of the potential danger. The system is
designed for continuous monitoring, ensuring real-time detection
and prompt response to gas leaks. Its straightforward design and
implementation make it suitable for industrial, domestic, and
commercial applications, enhancing safety and preventing
accidents caused by gas leaks. Future enhancements could include
wireless alerts and data logging for improved functionality and user
experience.
2.2 Components Description
• Arduino Board (e.g., Arduino Uno)
• Description: The main microcontroller that processes the input from the
gas sensor and controls the output components.
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• Gas Sensor (MQ-2)
• Description: Detects the presence of gas (e.g., LPG, methane, alcohol,
hydrogen, etc.) in the air and outputs an analog signal.
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• LEDs (Red and Green)
• Description: Red LED lights up to indicate a gas leak, and Green LED
lights up to indicate normal conditions.
• Resistors (220Ω for LEDs, 10kΩ for pull-down)
• Description: Used to limit the current flowing through the LEDs and pull-
down the sensor output to ground.
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• Breadboard and Jumper Wires
• Description: For connecting the components together without soldering.
2.3 Circuit Diagram
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2.4 Methodology
Creating a gas leakage detection system using Arduino involves several steps,
from setting up the hardware to writing the software and testing the system.
Here’s a step-by-step methodology to build and deploy the system:
Step 1: Gather Components
Ensure you have all the necessary components:
• Arduino Uno
• MQ-2 gas sensor
• Buzzer
• Red and Green LEDs
• 220Ω and 10kΩ resistors
• Breadboard
• Jumper wires
Step 2: Connect the Hardware
1. Set Up the Gas Sensor (MQ-2) : Connect the VCC pin of the
MQ-2 sensor to the 5V pin on the Arduino. o Connect the GND
pin of the MQ-2 sensor to the GND pin on the Arduino. o
Connect the analog output (A0) pin of the MQ-2 sensor to the
A0 analog input pin on the Arduino.
2. Connect the Buzzer: Connect the positive leg of the buzzer to
digital pin 8 on the Arduino. o Connect the negative leg of the
buzzer to the GND pin on the Arduino.
3. Connect the LEDs: Connect the anode (longer leg) of the red
LED to digital pin 12 on the Arduino through a 220Ω resistor.
o Connect the anode (longer leg) of the green LED to digital pin 11
on the Arduino through a 220Ω resistor.
o Connect the cathodes (shorter legs) of both LEDs to the GND pin
on the Arduino.
4. Add Pull-Down Resistor: Connect one end of a 10kΩ resistor
to the analog input pin A0. o Connect the other end of the
resistor to the GND pin on the Arduino.
Step 3: Write the Arduino Code
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Write the code to read the gas sensor values, trigger the buzzer, and control the
LEDs.
Step 4: Upload the Code to the Arduino
• Connect your Arduino board to your computer using a USB cable.
• Open the Arduino IDE.
• Copy the code into the IDE.
• Select the appropriate board and port from the Tools menu.
• Click the upload button to transfer the code to the Arduino.
Step 5: Test the System
• Power the Arduino board using the USB cable or an external
power source.
• Observe the behavior of the LEDs and the buzzer in a safe
environment with no gas leaks.
• Simulate a gas leak by exposing the MQ-2 sensor to a small
amount of gas (e.g., from a lighter or a small gas canister, ensuring
safety precautions).
• Verify that the red LED lights up and the buzzer sounds when the
gas concentration exceeds the threshold.
• Verify that the green LED lights up and the buzzer remains silent
when there is no gas leak.
Step 6: Calibration and Adjustment
• Adjust the gas concentration threshold in the code based on your
environment and the specific gas you are detecting.
• Fine-tune the system for better accuracy and reliability.
• Ensure the system resets and reverts to a safe state when the gas
concentration drops below the threshold.
Step 7: Deployment
• Enclose the system in a suitable housing, ensuring that the gas
sensor is exposed to the environment for accurate detection.
• Install the system in the desired location, ensuring good
ventilation and accessibility for maintenance.
• Power the system using a reliable power source.
• Regularly test the system to ensure it is functioning correctly and
maintaining its sensitivity.
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By following this methodology, you can successfully build and deploy a gas
leakage detection system using Arduino, enhancing safety in your environment.
2.5 Working
1. Gas Sensor Operation:
The MQ-2 gas sensor, which is a key component, can detect
o
various gases. It has an internal heating element that heats up to a
certain temperature, allowing it to sense gases in the
environment.
o When gas molecules come into contact with the sensor, it
produces a change in resistance. This change in resistance is
converted into an analog voltage signal, which varies according to
the concentration of the gas.
2. Reading Sensor Values:
o The Arduino reads the analog voltage output from the MQ-2
sensor using one of its analog input pins (A0 in this case). This
voltage is proportional to the concentration of the gas detected.
o The analog Read() function in Arduino is used to read the
sensor value, which ranges from 0 to 1023 (10-bit ADC).
3. Threshold Comparison:
o The Arduino continuously compares the sensor value against a
predefined threshold value. This threshold value represents the
concentration of gas above which an alert should be triggered.
o If the sensor value exceeds the threshold, it indicates a gas leak.
4. Triggering Alarms:
o When the gas concentration exceeds the threshold:
o The Arduino activates the buzzer, causing it to sound an
alarm.
o The red LED is turned on to provide a visual indication of the
gas leak. ▪ The green LED is turned off. o If the gas
concentration is below the threshold:
o The buzzer is turned off.
o The red LED is turned off.
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o The green LED is turned on, indicating normal conditions.
System Operation Flow
1. Initialization:
When the system is powered on, the Arduino initializes the pins
o
connected to the sensor, buzzer, and LEDs.
o The serial monitor is started (if needed) to display the gas
concentration readings.
2. Continuous Monitoring:
o The Arduino continuously reads the gas sensor value in a loop.
o The sensor value is printed to the serial monitor for real-time
monitoring (optional).
3. Condition Checking:
o The Arduino compares the sensor value with the predefined
threshold. o Based on this comparison, the Arduino decides
whether to activate the alarm or keep the system in a normal
state.
4. Output Activation:
o If a gas leak is detected (sensor value > threshold):
▪ The buzzer is activated.
▪ The red LED is turned on.
▪ The green LED is turned off. o If no gas leak is
detected (sensor value <= threshold):
▪ The buzzer is deactivated.
▪ The red LED is turned off.
▪ The green LED is turned on. Testing and
Calibration
1. Initial Testing:
Test the system in a safe environment to ensure it correctly
o
detects the presence and absence of gas.
o Adjust the threshold value based on the specific environment and
type of gas being monitored.
2. Calibration:
o Fine-tune the threshold value to avoid false alarms and ensure the
system is sensitive enough to detect gas leaks accurately.
3. Deployment:
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o Once tested and calibrated, deploy the system in the intended
location, ensuring it is placed where gas leaks are most likely to
occur.
o Regularly check the system to ensure it continues to operate
correctly and maintain its sensitivity.
2.6 Results
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3. Conclusions
1. Effectiveness of Gas Sensors:
Gas sensors like MQ-2 or MQ-6 are effective in detecting gases such as LPG,
methane, and carbon monoxide. They provide real-time data on gas
concentration, which can be crucial for safety in residential and industrial
environments.
2. Arduino as a Versatile Platform:
Arduino boards, such as the Arduino Uno, offer a flexible and user-friendly
platform for integrating various sensors and actuators. They are well-suited for
rapid prototyping and educational projects.
3. Importance of Calibration:
Calibrating the gas sensor is critical for accurate detection. The threshold value
for triggering alerts should be set based on the specific environment and gas
concentration levels. This ensures the system is sensitive enough to detect
dangerous leaks without causing false alarms.
4. Role of Alerts:
Audible and visual alerts, such as buzzers and LEDs, are effective in immediately
notifying users of a gas leak. These alerts provide a quick and clear indication of
potential danger, prompting necessary action.
5. Real-Time Monitoring:
The system allows for real-time monitoring of gas levels, providing continuous
safety assurance.
This is particularly important in environments where gas leaks can occur
unexpectedly.
6. Scalability and Integration:
The basic gas leakage detection system can be expanded with additional
features, such as:
• Sending SMS or email alerts using GSM modules.
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• Integrating with home automation systems for automated ventilation or
emergency shutoff.
• Using more advanced sensors for detecting a wider range of gases.
7. Cost-Effectiveness:
Using Arduino and readily available components makes this system cost-effective
compared to commercial gas detection systems. It is accessible for hobbyists,
educators, and small businesses looking for affordable safety solutions.
8. Educational Value:
Building this project provides valuable hands-on experience in electronics,
programming, and sensor technology. It is an excellent educational project for
students and hobbyists to learn about embedded systems and IoT (Internet of
Things) applications.
9. Future Improvements:
Potential improvements to enhance the system's reliability and functionality
include:
• Implementing wireless communication for remote monitoring.
• Adding a display to show real-time gas concentration levels.
• Using a more sophisticated algorithm for detecting gas levels to reduce
false alarms.
In conclusion, creating a gas leakage detection system using Arduino
demonstrates the effectiveness of DIY electronics projects in addressing real-
world safety issues. It highlights the importance of proper sensor calibration,
real-time monitoring, and the potential for further enhancements and
integrations.
4. Reference:
https://youtu.be/E-5vazIDznc?si=7Qp5r6QttYyLpNur https://youtu.be/--gt-
wCcEiM?si=TtzowuJTDVV9yU-k
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