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Visvesvaraya Technological University,

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi – 590 018

KLS Vishwanathrao Deshpande Institute of Technology,

Haliyal – 581 329
(Accredited by NAAC with “A” Grade)

I Semester MINI PROJECT REPORT

GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION SENSOR USING ARDIUNO

For the Academic Year 2024-25

Submitted by:

Adityasing Kattimani 2VD24CI004

Kiran C Sindogi 2VD24CI018
Kiran K N 2VD24C1019
Manisha S K 2VD24CI021
Raghuveer R Kulkarni 2VD24CI033
Sneha N Joshi 2VD24CI049

Under the guidance of

Santosh Savannur
Department of CSE-AIML Engineering
CERTIFICATE
It is Certified that the Mini project work entitled "GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION SENSOR
USING ARDIUNO" carried out by <<adityasing kattimani - 2VD24CI004, Kiran C S
2VD24CI018 , Kiran K N - 2VD24CI019, Manisha S K - 2VD24CI021, Raghuveer R K -
2VD24CI033,Sneha N Joshi - 2VD24CI049 >>, Bonafide students of KLS Vishwanathrac
Deshpande Institute of Technology, Haliyal during the year 2024-2025,

Santosh Savannur DR.M.S. SANNAIKAR DR. POORNIMA RAIKAR

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Introduction:
Introduction

Gas leakage incidents pose significant threats to safety, property, and the environment,
making early detection and alert mechanisms a critical necessity. This project, titled "Gas
Leakage Detection Using Arduino," aims to address these concerns by designing and
implementing an efficient and cost-effective gas detection system. Utilizing an Arduino
microcontroller, combined with gas sensors and alarm modules, this project provides a
reliable solution for detecting hazardous gases in real-time. The system is designed to
promptly alert users through visual and auditory signals, ensuring timely action to prevent
accidents. This report delves into the project's objectives, methodology, implementation, and
results, highlighting its potential as a practical safety enhancement tool for residential,
industrial, and commercial applications.

Concept
Theory:

Gas leakage detection systems are essential for ensuring safety in various environments
where hazardous gases may pose risks to health, property, and life. This project leverages
Arduino, an open-source microcontroller platform, to create a cost-effective and efficient
solution. The theory behind the project is based on the principles of gas sensing,
microcontroller-based processing, and real-time alert generation.

The core component of the system is the gas sensor, which is designed to detect specific
gases like LPG, methane, or carbon monoxide. Sensors like MQ series sensors are commonly
used due to their sensitivity and reliability. These sensors operate on the principle of variable
resistance; their resistance changes in the presence of target gases, altering the output signal.
This signal is processed by the Arduino microcontroller, which acts as the brain of the
system.

The Arduino microcontroller is programmed to interpret the input signal from the gas sensor,
compare it with predefined threshold values, and trigger appropriate outputs. When the gas
concentration exceeds the threshold, the system activates visual (LED) and auditory (buzzer)
alarms to alert users of the potential hazard. The flexibility of Arduino allows for easy
integration of additional features such as GSM modules for remote notifications or LCD
displays for real-time gas concentration readings.

The project demonstrates the integration of sensor technology, embedded systems, and safety
mechanisms to develop a practical and user-friendly solution. The underlying theory
emphasizes the importance of early detection and proactive measures in mitigating risks
associated with gas leaks.
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Procedure:

• Components Selection and Procurement Gather all necessary components, including an

Arduino board, gas sensor (e.g., MQ-2 or MQ-6), buzzer, LEDs, jumper wires, resistors,
breadboard, and a power source.

• Circuit Design Design the circuit by connecting the gas sensor, buzzer, and LEDs to the
Arduino board. Ensure:

• The gas sensor's output pin is connected to an analog input pin on the Arduino.
• The buzzer and LEDs are connected to digital output pins.
• Proper resistors are used to avoid overloading components.

• Arduino Programming Write the Arduino code to:

• Read the analog signals from the gas sensor.

• Compare the sensor's values against predefined threshold levels.
• Activate the LED and buzzer if the gas concentration exceeds the threshold.

Use Arduino IDE to compile and upload the code to the Arduino board.

• Circuit Assembly Assemble the components on a breadboard following the designed

circuit. Verify all connections are secure and match the circuit diagram.

• Testing the System Test the system in a controlled environment by exposing the gas
sensor to small amounts of the target gas (e.g., LPG or methane). Observe whether the system
activates the alarms as expected.

• Calibration Calibrate the sensor to improve accuracy. Adjust the threshold values in the
Arduino code based on testing results to minimize false alarms or missed detections.

Tabulation:

Component Function Component

Processes sensor data and controls

Arduino UNO Arduino UNO
output devices

Detects gases like LPG, Methane,

MQ-2 Gas Sensor MQ-2 Gas Sensor
and CO

Emits an alarm sound when

Buzzer Buzzer
leakage is detected

Provides visual indication of gas

LED Indicators LED Indicators
leakage status
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IMPLEMENTATION
The Gas Leakage Detection System using Arduino was implemented in the following
phases:

1. Hardware Setup:

• The MQ-2 gas sensor was connected to the Arduino UNO to continuously monitor
gas concentrations.
• A buzzer and LED indicator were connected to signal an alert when a gas leak was
detected.
• The GSM module was integrated to send an SMS alert to predefined contacts in case
of a leakage.
• A relay module was used to cut off the gas supply automatically when leakage was
detected.

2. Software Development:

• The system was programmed using Arduino IDE, with necessary libraries included
for sensor readings and communication.
• Threshold gas levels were defined, ensuring precise detection and response.
• The GSM module was programmed to send alerts via AT commands.

3. Testing and Calibration:

• The system was tested using controlled gas release to verify detection accuracy.
• The sensor sensitivity was adjusted to minimize false alarms.
• The GSM module and relay function were validated under real-time conditions.

4. Deployment and Evaluation:

• The system was installed in a simulated home environment for real-time

monitoring.
• Performance analysis was conducted to check response time and reliability.
• Modifications were made to improve efficiency and reduce power consumption.
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Decision
The development of a gas leakage detection system is of paramount importance in mitigating
safety risks associated with hazardous gases. After evaluating the available technology,
components, and methodologies, the decision to implement the system using Arduino was
based on several critical factors. These factors include cost-effectiveness, ease of use,
flexibility, and the availability of reliable sensors and components. This detailed decision
process is outlined below.

1. Identifying the Problem Gas leakage incidents pose a significant threat to life,
property, and the environment. Early detection and effective alert mechanisms are
crucial for minimizing these risks. The project aims to address this safety concern by
designing a system that can monitor gas levels in real-time and trigger alerts when
hazardous concentrations are detected.
2. Assessing Available Technologies Various microcontroller platforms, such as
Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and NodeMCU, were considered for this project. Arduino
emerged as the most suitable choice due to its:
o Cost-effectiveness: Arduino boards are affordable, making them ideal for a
budget-conscious project.
o Accessibility: Arduino is widely used, with extensive documentation and a
supportive community.
o Simplicity: Arduino's programming environment is beginner-friendly,
enabling efficient development.
3. Selecting the Gas Sensor Gas sensors play a pivotal role in the detection system. The
MQ series sensors, such as MQ-2 and MQ-6, were chosen for their sensitivity to
gases like LPG, methane, and carbon monoxide. These sensors operate on the
principle of variable resistance, which changes based on the concentration of target
gases. Their compatibility with Arduino further reinforced this choice.
4. Choosing Alert Mechanisms Visual and auditory alarms were decided as the
primary alert mechanisms for the system. LEDs and buzzers were selected for their
simplicity, reliability, and ability to provide immediate notification of gas leaks.
Additional features, such as GSM modules for remote alerts, were considered for
future enhancements.
5. Designing the System Architecture The system's architecture was designed to
ensure efficient operation and user-friendliness. The key components include:
o The gas sensor for real-time monitoring.
o The Arduino microcontroller for processing sensor data.
o LEDs and buzzers for alerting users.
6. Programming the Arduino Writing the Arduino code was a critical step in the
decision-making process. The code was designed to:
o Read analog signals from the gas sensor.
o Compare these signals with predefined threshold values.
o Trigger the alert mechanisms when the threshold is exceeded.
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Conclusion
The "Gas Leakage Detection Using Arduino" project has been a comprehensive exploration
of technology-driven safety solutions aimed at addressing the critical issue of gas leakages.
This endeavor represents a proactive approach to improving safety in residential, commercial,
and industrial environments. Through systematic planning, diligent execution, and rigorous
testing, this project has successfully demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of an
Arduino-based gas leakage detection system. Below, the project's various facets are
thoroughly summarized to illustrate its success, impact, and potential for future
enhancements:

1. Revisiting the Problem Statement Gas leakage incidents can lead to catastrophic
consequences, including fire hazards, property damage, health issues, and loss of life.
Therefore, the need for an efficient, reliable, and affordable gas leakage detection
system is paramount. This project aimed to address this critical issue by developing a
solution that ensures timely detection of hazardous gases, thereby mitigating risks and
enhancing safety.
2. Technical Highlights The project was anchored on the Arduino platform due to its
versatility, affordability, and simplicity. By integrating an MQ-series gas sensor,
buzzer, and LEDs with the Arduino microcontroller, the system was designed to
monitor gas levels in real-time and provide immediate alerts when gas concentrations
exceeded safe limits. The decision to use a modular architecture allowed for
flexibility in design and potential scalability.
o Gas Sensor Technology: The MQ-series gas sensor, a cornerstone of the
system, offered reliable detection capabilities for gases such as LPG, methane,
and carbon monoxide. Its sensitivity and compatibility with the Arduino
platform made it an ideal choice.
o Arduino Microcontroller: As the system's brain, Arduino enabled efficient
processing and seamless integration of components. Its open-source nature
allowed for the development of a customized solution tailored to the project's
requirements.
o Alarm Mechanisms: Visual (LED) and auditory (buzzer) alarms provided
immediate, unmistakable notifications of gas leaks, ensuring prompt response
times.
3. System Design and Implementation The project's design emphasized user-
friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and reliability. Key steps in the implementation
process included:
o Designing the circuit and assembling components.
o Writing and uploading Arduino code to process sensor data and trigger alarms.
o Testing the system in controlled environments to verify functionality and
accuracy.
4. Achievements The project successfully met its objectives by delivering a fully
functional gas leakage detection system. The system's ability to detect hazardous
gases and alert users in real-time highlighted the effectiveness of Arduino-based
solutions for safety applications.
5. Challenges and Solutions Throughout the project, several challenges were
encountered, including sensor calibration, false alarms, and power management.
These challenges were addressed through iterative testing, code optimization, and
adjustments to system parameters, demonstrating the importance of a problem-solving
mindset in engineering projects.
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6. Impact and Applications The project's impact extends beyond technical

achievements to societal benefits. By providing an affordable and accessible safety
solution, this system has the potential to prevent accidents, save lives, and protect
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APPENDIX:
SNAPSHOTS/REFERENCES

In this project, we will build Gas Leak Detection & Alarm System using MQ2 Gas
Sensor and Arduino UNO Board. The MQ2 sensor is a versatile gas sensor capable of
detecting a wide range of gases as well as smoke.

This initiative is centered on creating a mock-up of a gas leak detection system

utilizing an Arduino Uno as the core controller. It employs an MQ2 gas sensor
alongside an RGB LED to monitor gas levels persistently. When the detected gas
levels exceed a certain preset limit, an alert is triggered via a buzzer, and the RGB LED
glows red to indicate danger. If the gas levels are within safe limits, below the set
threshold, the system keeps the alarm silent and the LED displays a green light,
signaling safety.

Multi-Gas Detection – The MQ-2 sensor is capable of detecting multiple gases, including LPG,
Methane, Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Alcohol vapors, making it highly versatile for
gas leakage applications.

Analog and Digital Output – It provides both analog and digital output signals, allowing it to
work efficiently with microcontrollers like Arduino for precise gas concentration measurement
and threshold-based alerts.

High Sensitivity and Fast Response – The MQ-2 sensor has a high sensitivity to combustible
gases and provides a fast response time, ensuring early detection of gas leaks and quick
activation of safety measures.

Adjustable Sensitivity – The sensor features a potentiometer for sensitivity adjustment,

enabling users to fine-tune the detection threshold based on environmental conditions and
specific application requirements
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• Buzzer Functionality:

• The buzzer is an output device that produces an audible alarm when gas leakage is
detected.
• It is activated by the Arduino UNO when the MQ-2 gas sensor detects gas beyond
the predefined threshold.

• Arduino Control:

• The Arduino UNO processes signals from the MQ-2 gas sensor and determines
whether to trigger the buzzer.
• A digital pin on the Arduino is used to control the buzzer, switching it ON or OFF
based on the sensor’s readings.

• Definition – A jump wire (or jumper wire) is an electrical wire with connectors (or
sometimes just exposed ends) that is used to establish temporary electrical connections
between components, often on breadboards or circuit boards.

• Types – Jumper wires come in different types based on connector ends: male-to-male,
male-to-female, and female-to-female, allowing easy connections between devices like
microcontrollers, sensors, and other electronic components.

• Usage – They are commonly used in prototyping and circuit testing, especially in
electronics projects involving microcontrollers like Arduino and Raspberry Pi.

• Insulation & Flexibility – Typically made of PVC-insulated stranded or solid core

wire, jumper wires are flexible and come in various colors to help distinguish connections in
a circuit.
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