CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER-3
METALS AND NON METALS
Difference between Metals and Non metals:
S.No Property Metals Non-Metals
Metals are solid at room Non-metals generally
1 Physical State temperature. Except mercury exist as solids and gases, except
and gallium. Bromine.
Metals generally have Non-metals have low
Melting and boiling
2 high m.pt and b.pt except m.pt and b.pt except diamond
points
gallium and cesium. and graphite.
3 Density Generally high. Generally low.
Malleability and Neither malleable nor
4 Malleable and ductile.
Ductility ductile.
Generally poor
Electrical and thermal Good conductors of heat
5 conductors of heat and
conductivity and electricity.
electricity except graphite.
Do not have luster
6 Luster Poses shining luster.
except iodine.
Give sonorous sound Does not give
7 Sonorous sound
when struck. sonorous sound.
Generally hard except Solid non-metals are
8 Hardness
Na, K generally soft except diamond.
Chemical properties of Metals and Non-metals:
Metal + Oxygen→Metal oxide
Non-metal + Oxygen →Non-metal oxide
4Na(s) + O2(g) →2Na2O(s)
C + O2 →CO2
4Al(s) + 3O2(g) →2Al2O3
S + O2 →SO2
Metals form basic oxides
Non-metals form acidic oxides
Reaction Zn and Al form amphoteric oxides (they
CO and H2O are neutral oxides(they are
1 with show the properties of both acidic and
neither acidic nor basic in nature)
Oxygen basic oxides)
Most of the metal oxides are insoluble in
Non- metal oxides are soluble in water
water Some of them dissolve to form
They dissolve in water to form acids
Alkali
SO2 + H2O →H2SO3
Na2O(s) + H2O(l) →2NaOH(aq)
Metals react with water to
form metal oxides or metal hydroxide Non-metals do not react with water, steam
Reaction
and H2 gas is released. to evolve hydrogen gas. Because Non-
2 with
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) →2NaOH + metals cannot give electrons to hydrogen in
water
H2(g) + heat water so that it can be released as H2 gas.
Metal + Acid →Metal salt + Hydrogen
Non-metals do not react with acids to
HCl release H2 gas
Reaction
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)→ MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) Reason- Non-metals cannot loose electrons
with
3 H2SO4 and give it to Hydrogen ions of acids so
dilute
2Na(s) + H2SO4→ Na2SO4(aq) +H2(g) that the gas is released.
Acids
HNO3 Mn + 2HNO3→ Mn(NO3)2 + H2
Metal + HNO3→ H2 gas is not displaced. H2 gas from HNO3
Reason- HNO3 is strong oxidizing agent.
When metals react with salt When non-metals react
Reaction solution, more reactive metal will with salt solution, more reactive non-metal
4 with salt displace a less reactive metal from its salt will displace a less reactive non-metal from
solutions solution. its salt solution.
CuSO4(aq) + n(s)→ ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s) 2NaBr(aq) + Cl2(g)→ 2NaCl(aq) + Br2(aq)
Non-metal + Chlorine→Non-metal
Chloride
Metal + Chlorine→ Metal Chloride
Reaction
ionic bond is formed. Therefore Ionic covalent bond is formed. Therefore
5 with
compound is obtained. 2Na+ Cl2 → covalent compound is obtained. H2(g) + Cl2
Chlorine
2NaCl → 2HCl
Metals react with hydrogen
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form
Reaction to form metal hydride This reaction takes
hydrides
6 with place only for most reactive metals.
Hydrogen
H2(g) + S(l) → H2S(g)
2Na(s)+ H2(g) → 2NaH(s)
Aqua regia: Aqua regia is a freshly prepared mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and
concentrated nitric acid in the ratio of 3:1.
Displacement reactions:
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound in aqueous solution.
Such a reaction is known as displacement reaction.
For example: When iron nail put in copper sulphate solution then colour of solution changes
from blue to light green and a reddish brown coating of copper is seen on iron nail.
Fe + CuSO4 ---> FeSO4 + Cu
Iron Sulphate + copper ------- No reaction
Because copper is less reactive than iron so cannot displace it.
CHEMICAL BONDING
Types of bonds-
• IONIC BOND (or electrovalent)
• COVALENT BOND – sharing of electrons.
IONIC BOND
• Bond formed by transfer of electrons from one atoms to another.
• It is formed when one atom donate electron & other accept electrons to achieve stable
configuration.
• NOTE: It is always formed between a metal and a non-metal
Properties of ionic compounds
solid and hard due to strong force of attraction. (generally
1. Physical nature :
brittle)
Melting point and have high M.P and B.P, as large amount of heat energy is
2. :
boiling point required to break strong ionic attraction.
3. Solubility : soluble in water and insoluble in kerosene and petrol.
Conduction of
4. : ionic compounds in solid state-----does not conduct electricity.
electricity
