1
1 Bromine is a red-brown liquid.
A drop of liquid bromine is placed in a gas jar.
After 20 minutes the red-brown colour has spread throughout the gas jar.
glass cover
air
gas jar
drop of
bromine
at the start after 20 minutes
Explain these observations using the kinetic particle model.
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.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
2 The table shows the melting points, boiling points and electrical conductivities of six substances
D, E, F, G, H and I.
melting point boiling point electrical conductivity electrical conductivity
substance
/ °C / °C when solid when liquid
D 1610 2230 non-conductor non-conductor
E 801 1413 non-conductor good conductor
F −119 43 non-conductor non-conductor
G 1535 2750 good conductor good conductor
H 114 184 non-conductor non-conductor
I −210 −196 non-conductor non-conductor
Choose substances from the table which match the following descriptions. Each substance may
be used once, more than once or not at all.
(a) Which substance is a liquid at 25 °C
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
2
(b) Which substance is a gas at 25 °C?
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Which three substances contain simple molecules?
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
(d) Which substance could be a metal? Give a reason for your answer.
substance .........................................................................................................................
reason ...............................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e) Which substance has a macromolecular structure? Give two reasons for your answer.
substance .........................................................................................................................
reason 1 ............................................................................................................................
reason 2 ............................................................................................................................ [3]
(f) Which substance is an ionic solid? Give one reason for your answer.
substance .........................................................................................................................
reason ...............................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 12]
3 Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement and charges of the ions in
sodium oxide.
....... .......
Na O
.......
Na
[3]
3
[Total: 3]
4 Potassium is a Group I element.
Name and describe the bonding in potassium.
name ........................................................................................................................................
description ................................................................................................................................
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.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
5 This question is about halogens.
The table shows some properties of four halogens.
density at room temperature
melting point boiling point
halogen and pressure
in °C in °C 3
in g / cm
chlorine −101 −35 0.003
bromine −7 59 3.12
iodine 114 184
astatine 302 6.35
(a) Complete the table by predicting:
• the density of iodine at room temperature and pressure
• the boiling point of astatine. [2]
(b) Predict the physical state of bromine at 20 °C.
Give a reason for your answer.
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........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 4]
