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1 Four students P, Q, R and S each attempt to measure the time period (the time for one complete
oscillation) of a pendulum. The arrows in the diagram show the movements of the pendulum that
each student times.
State the student who has chosen the correct movement for one period of a pendulum.
student .....................................
[1]
[Total: 1]
2 A battery provides energy to an electric car.
2
The electric car has an acceleration of 2.9 m / s when it moves from rest. The combined mass of
the car and its driver is 1600 kg.
Calculate the time taken to reach a speed of 28 m / s.
time = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
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3 An aeroplane lands with a speed of 62m / s, on a horizontal runway at time t = 0. The aeroplane
decelerates uniformly as it travels along the runway in a straight line until it reaches a speed of
6.0 m / s at t = 35 s.
At t = 35 s, the aeroplane stops decelerating and moves along the runway at a constant speed of
6.0 m / s for a further 15 s.
On the diagram, sketch the shape of the graph for the distance travelled by the aeroplane along
the runway between t = 0 and t = 50 s. You are not required to calculate distance values.
[3]
[Total: 3]
4 A student suspends a spring from a clamp stand and measures the length l0 of the spring.
The diagram shows the apparatus.
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l0
(not to scale)
The student then suspends loads of different weights from the spring and measures the length of
the spring for each load. He then plots a graph of the length of the spring against weight.
This is the graph that the student plots.
0.80
length / m
0.60
0.40
0.20
0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
weight / N
(a) Using the graph, determine the initial length l0 of the spring.
l0 = ................................................. [1]
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(b) State what is meant by the limit of proportionality and, using the graph, determine the weight
of the load that causes this spring just to reach the limit of proportionality.
limit of proportionality ........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
weight = ............................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) Using the graph, determine the spring constant of this spring.
spring constant = ......................................... [3]
[Total: 6]
5 The diagram shows a uniform metre rule PQ in equilibrium.
The distance PQ is 100 cm. The mass of the metre rule is 0.12 kg and its weight is W.
(a) On the diagram, draw and label:
1. an arrow to show the force W acting on PQ at the centre of mass
2. an arrow to show the force R acting on PQ at the pivot.
[2]
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(b) By taking moments about the pivot, calculate F.
F = .............................................. [4]
(c) Calculate R.
R = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 8]
6 The diagram shows water stored in a reservoir behind a hydroelectric dam.
reservoir
150 m
generator
turbine
(not to scale)
The turbine is 150 m below the level of the water in the reservoir.
5 3
Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 10 Pa. The density of water is 1000 kg / m .
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(a) Calculate the total pressure in the water at the turbine.
pressure = .............................................. [3]
2
(b) The turbine has a cross-sectional area of 3.5 m .
Calculate the force exerted on the turbine by the water.
force = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 5]
7 A footballer and a referee are discussing a puddle of water that has formed on the pitch. The
footballer wears a white shirt whilst the referee wears a black shirt which, apart from its colour, is
identical.
The diagram shows the two men looking at the puddle.
The weather is bright and sunny.
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(a) State and explain how the temperature of the white shirt differs from the temperature of the
black shirt.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The volume of water in the puddle is slowly decreasing.
(i) Describe how two changes in the water conditions could affect the rate at which the
puddle dries.
change 1 ...............................................................................................................
effect .....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
change 2 ...............................................................................................................
effect .....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Explain, in terms of the water molecules, what happens as the puddle dries.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 6]
8 The diagram shows a plastic cup. The cup contains sand, an electric heater and a thermometer.
The power of the heater is 50 W. The mass of the sand in the cup is 550 g. The initial temperature
of the sand is 20 °C. The heater is switched on for 2.0 minutes. The temperature is recorded until
the temperature stops increasing. The highest temperature recorded by the thermometer is 33 °C.
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(a) Calculate the energy supplied by the heater.
energy = .............................................. [2]
(b) Calculate a value for the specific heat capacity of the sand, using your answer to (a) and the
data in the question.
specific heat capacity = .............................................. [3]
(c) Explain why the specific heat capacity of sand may be different from the value calculated in
(b).
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]
9 Red light travelling in air strikes the curves surface of a semi-circular glass block at P.
The diagram shows the ray of light.
The light travels in a straight line from O to Q.
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(a) Explain why the light does not change direction as it enters the glass block at P.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The light travels in the glass to Q where it strikes the edge of the block at 30° to the normal.
The light then emerges into the air.
(i) The refractive index of the glass is 1.5.
Calculate the angle between the normal and the ray in the air after the light emerges
from the block at Q.
angle = ............................................ [3]
(ii) On the diagram, sketch the path of the light in the air after it emerges at Q. [1]
(c) The direction of the light striking the curved surface of the glass block is changed. The angle
between the ray and the normal at Q gradually increases from 30° to 90°.
Describe what happens to the light that strikes the block at Q as this angle increases.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 8]
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10 A car of mass m is travelling along a straight, horizontal road at a constant speed v.
At time t = 0, the driver of the car sees an obstruction in the road ahead of the car and applies the
brakes.
The car does not begin to decelerate at t = 0.
Suggest one reason why the car does not begin to decelerate at t = 0.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
11 The diagram is a distance-time graph for a man walking from home to a café. At the café the man
stops for a drink. On the return journey from the café, the man stops to rest.
Describe, in words, how the graph shows that the man travelled at a slower speed on the return
journey after resting.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
12 A free-fall parachutist jumps from a helium balloon, but does not open his parachute for some time.
The figure shows the speed-time graph for his fall. Point B indicates when he opens his parachute.
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speed
A B
C D
0
0 time
(a) State the value of the gradient of the graph immediately after time t = 0.
gradient = ....................................................... [1]
(b) Explain why the gradient has this value.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 2]
13 A battery provides energy to an electric car.
Under ideal conditions, the car can travel a maximum distance of 390 km when the battery is fully
charged.
Suggest why, in normal use, the car needs to be recharged after travelling less than 390 km.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
14 A metal block A, travelling in a straight line at 4.0 m / s on a smooth surface, collides with a second
metal block B which is at rest. The diagram shows the two metal blocks A and B before and after
the collision.
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(a) The mass of A is 3.2 kg. The mass of B is 1.6 kg.
After the collision, the velocity of A is 1.5 m / s.
Calculate
(i) the momentum of A before the collision,
momentum = .......................................... [2]
(ii) the velocity v of B after the collision.
v = .......................................... [3]
(b) In the collision that occurred in (a), block A and block B are in contact for 0.050 s.
Calculate the average force that is exerted on B during the collision.
average force = ........................................... [2]
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(c) After the collision in (a), the total kinetic energy of the two blocks is less than the kinetic energy
of block A before the collision.
Suggest one reason for this.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]
15 A metal container is used to cook food. The metal container has thick walls.
The metal container is spherical. The spherical container has a smaller surface area than a long,
thin container of the same volume.
Explain the advantage of using a spherical container.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
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