While leaders, administrators, and reformers may possess diverse attitudes, skills, and traits, they all

exhibit a common set of values that they steadfastly adhere to, even in the face of adversity. Serving the
people, uplifting the marginalized, demonstrating impartiality and integrity, and showing benevolence
and compassion have become defining features of their personality and character. The subsequent
section provides a comprehensive explanation of these shared values.

Human Values- Lessons from the Lives of Great Leaders

Throughout history, numerous exceptional leaders have emerged across the globe, including figures like
Mahatma Gandhi, Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, Vaclav Havel, Aung San Suu
Kyi, and Mother Teresa. These individuals have not only lived but have also dedicated their lives to
embodying and upholding fundamental human values. From their remarkable actions and experiences, a
range of essential human values have emerged, which include:

Commitment to justice

Respect for the dignity of all human beings

Displaying love and care towards others

Acts of selflessness

Valuing the dignity and worth of every individual

Advocacy for peaceful means (non-violence)

Demonstrating benevolence

Exhibiting compassion
These values, embodied in the lives and works of these exceptional leaders, serve as an inspiration and
guide for others striving to make a positive impact on the world.

IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS

Most of us would agree that it is ethics in practice that makes sense; just having it carefully drafted
and redrafted in books may not serve the purpose. Of course all of us want businesses to be fair, clean
and beneficial to the society. For that to happen, organizations need to abide by ethics or rule of law,
engage themselves in fair practices and competition; all of which will benefit the consumer, the
society and organization.

Primarily it is the individual, the consumer, the employee or the human social unit of the society who
benefits from ethics.

In addition ethics is important because of the following:

Satisfying Basic Human Needs: Being fair, honest and ethical is one the basic human needs. Every
employee desires to be such himself and to work for an organization that is fair and ethical in its
practices.

Creating Credibility: An organization that is believed to be driven by moral values is respected in the
society even by those who may have no information about the working and the businesses or an
organization.

Infosys, for example is perceived as an organization for good corporate governance and social
responsibility initiatives. This perception is held far and wide even by those who do not even know
what business the organization is into.

Uniting People and Leadership: An organization driven by values is revered by its employees also. They
are the common thread that brings the employees and the decision makers on a common platform.
This goes a long way in aligning behaviors within the organization towards achievement of one
common goal or mission.

Improving Decision Making: A man’s destiny is the sum total of all the decisions that he/she takes in
course of his life. The same holds true for organizations. Decisions are driven by values.

For example an organization that does not value competition will be fierce in its operations aiming to
wipe out its competitors and establish a monopoly in the market.
Long Term Gains: Organizations guided by ethics and values are profitable in the long run, though in
the short run they may seem to lose money.

Tata group, one of the largest business conglomerates in India was seen on the verge of decline at the
beginning of 1990’s, which soon turned out to be otherwise. The same company’s Tata NANO car was
predicted as a failure, and failed to do well but the same is picking up fast now.

Securing the Society: Often ethics succeeds law in safeguarding the society. The law machinery is often
found acting as a mute spectator, unable to save the society and the environment.

Technology, for example is growing at such a fast pace that the by the time law comes up with a
regulation we have a newer technology with new threats replacing the older one. Lawyers and public
interest litigations may not help a great deal but ethics can.
[ INSTA Ethics ] : Human values- lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and
administrators- Part 1

insightsonindia.com/2022/07/12/insta-ethics-human-values-lessons-from-the-lives-and-teachings-of-
great-leaders reformers-and-administrators-part-1/

InsightsIAS July 12, 2022 What are values?

According to Radhakamal Mukherjee, “Values may be defined as socially approved desires and goals that
are internalized through the process of conditioning, learning or socialization.”

According to Allport, “Value is a belief upon which a man acts by preferences.” According to Hill, Values
are individual beliefs to which people attach significant worth and by which they organize their life.

Features of Values

Value is an emotional attitude in the sense that it motivates a person directly or indirectly to act in the
most desirable way preferred by him.

Values are at the core of personality and are a powerful force affecting behaviour. Values give direction
and firmness to life and bring joy, satisfaction and peace to life. Values regulate and guide human
behaviour and action in our day to daily life. Values involve the processes of thinking, knowing and
understanding feelings and action.

Values are essential constituents of civilization. Our values indicate our character and determine our
moral and ethical choices.

Values shape the behaviour of both individuals as well as of organizations. The behaviour of individuals
affects the behaviour of the organization if the individual is a part of an organization.

Acquisition of values begins at birth. Primarily values are learned at home but in due course, they will
change according to their experiences.

Values changes over time within the same society which are influenced by the changing needs and
present situations of the society.

Many values are relatively stable and enduring and one’s behaviour can be predicted by upheld values.

Sources of values

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Family– Family is the prime and most important source of obtaining values. Every child learns some
values from his family since his childhood and retains those values in his mind throughout his life. The
ways the parents nurture, educate and raise their child shape his personality and inculcate values in
him.

Society– After family, society also plays a major role in developing the value system of an individual.
Every child learns basic manners and discipline from school. Besides schools and colleges, other groups
of society such as religious groups, and economic and political groups to which an individual belongs also
affect the value system of an individual.
Personal factors– Personal characteristics like intelligence, ability, appearance and education level of a
person determine his value system very strongly. For example, an intelligent and educated person will
understand and learn social and work-related values relatively faster than an uneducated person.

Culture– Cultural factors which influence the value system of an individual include norms, beliefs and
other behaviour patterns which are preferred and acceptable by society. These values are often carried
in rituals, customs or narratives that are often repeated and highly resistant to change because they are
seen as absolute. Religion– Religion is comprised of a set of values and traditions which guide the
routine behaviour and decision-making of an individual. Religious values help people determine what is
good or what is bad.

Life experiences– Man learns most from his own experiences and sometimes from the experiences of
others too. The values which an individual learns from their own experiences of life are relatively long-
lasting and difficult to change.

Role demands– Role demand refers to the behaviour which is associated with the particular position or
role profile in an organisation. Every individual play multiple roles in his life. The problem occurs when
there is a role conflict. In such cases, individuals quickly learn the value system prevailing in the
organisation so that they may survive and progress in the same organisation.

Constitution– Almost, all the existing constitutions of various countries highlight the values of
democracy, equality and world peace. The values enshrined in the Constitution of India have stated in its
Preamble are Justice, Liberty, Equality of status and opportunity and Fraternity. Herein, justice occupies
the first place, followed by liberty, and equality.

Types of values

Classifying values has always been a complicated task since there is no hard and fast rule to classify
values as they are closely interlinked. Some of the important values are as follows.

Personal Values– It is personal to an individual both in terms of their possession and their use. It is a
desire and cherished by the individual irrespective of his social relationship. These values make a person
good for himself. Examples are ambition, cleanliness, discipline etc.

2/4

Family Values– Family as a social institution is based on a certain universally defined value system which
is nurtured and cultivated within a family system. Mainly, these values come from the lead of the family
mostly the father who transfer these values to their children, who further impart these values to the
future generation. Social Values– It refers to certain behaviours and beliefs that are shared within
specific cultures and social groups. These values are good for society and form the basis of the
relationship of an individual with other people in society. Examples are courtesy, charity, civic duty etc.

Moral Values– These values constitute attitudes and behaviour that society considers essential for co-
existence, order and general well-being. It enables an individual in making a distinction between right
and wrong and good and bad etc. Examples are fairness, justice, human dignity etc.

Ethical Values– Ethical values are a set of moral principles that apply to a specific group of people,
professional field or form of human conduct. These values presuppose moral courage and the power to
act according to one’s moral convictions even at the risk of financial, emotional or social security. These
relate to our behaviour with our fellow beings. All moral values are also covered under ethical values.
Spiritual Values– refers to the process of reflecting on non-material dimensions of life and acquiring
insights into personal experiences. They affect the individual in his relations with himself and are
concerned with the realization of the ‘Self’ and being one with ‘Divinity’. Examples are truth, beauty,
goodness etc.

Cultural Values– Cultural values are the standards of what is acceptable or unacceptable, important or
unimportant, right or wrong in society. It gives importance to preserving cultural practices, ceremonies,
traditions etc. which might be threatened by the materialistic culture of modern times. Examples are
hospitality, social order, tolerance etc.

Trans-cultural values– Values that are similar in practice among different cultures throughout the whole
world. These can be categorized as universal values since these values are followed across cultures.

Intrinsic Values– They are the ends in themselves, not the means for achieving some other end. In the
hierarchy of human values, these values stand at the highest place and are superior to all other values of
life. Examples are goodness, beauty, happiness, bliss etc.

Instrumental Values– These are such values that are useful in deriving some other benefit through them
such as economic gain or an increase in status. A subject is said to have instrumental value when it is
pursued, not for its own sake but for some ends beyond itself. Examples are education for success in life,
political power to do public service etc.

Aesthetic Values– It seeks to emulate the beauty of the Divine through the arts. Things and activities
which give joys of beauty are aesthetic values. Examples are beauty, taste, architecture etc.

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Democratic Values– These values are characterized by respect for individuality, equal treatment to all,
ensuring equal social, political and religious rights to all, impartiality and social justice and respect for
the democratic institutions.

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Introduction to Human Values

INTRODUCTION

It is rightly to state that ‘Human being without values is none other than an animal’. But when values
enter in the character of human beings then it is turned as ‘value-based education’ which not only gives
moral education but also develops an overall-personality of a human being. Besides value-education,
self-exploration is also an essential medium to analyze oneself on vivid aspects like ‘Individual’s,
weaknesses, goals and purpose of life’. Every human being with to be prosperous and happy throughout
their life tenure, but how it can be attained and assessed is revealed by various examples in this unit.

1.1-Defining Human Values- ‘value’, it came from a Latin word ‘valere’, which means ‘precious ‘or worthy
fullness. Value can be evaluated in two ways. Extrinsic values and intrinsic values. By example we can
understand this. Suppose, if I need 2 kg. of sugar to buy, for that I have to go for shopkeeper .After
paying the value of sugar, than only I can receive the material. In our life what we pay to buy material
things that all are related to extrinsic values. Apart from this there are intrinsic values,
suppose,Love,care,share,gratitude,,reverence,loyalty,responsibility which we cannot pay. I can’t say I
need 2k.g. of love or 2 meter of affection. This is absolutely impossible. Intrinsic values are so special or
precious to acquire in one’s life. Apart from this there are positive values and negative values. Positive
values always make a good impact for the society as well as individual .But the negative values always
make a bad impact for society and the mass. Because it increases anti-social, activities and anti-social
behavior. Which is not required. As ethics teach the lesson what is good for us and what is bad. So it is
depend on human being only which value they are going to practice .So it is evident that values are
some principle of human behavior .Value means importance and Education implies for right knowledge.
Therefore value education implies for importance of knowledge in any kind of source.

There are five stem values and many sub-values, or virtues which together forms the character of an
individual. They contain all that makes a human being noble, gentle and kind. These are:-

(a) Truth: -

It is a foundational value, no one can refute this. We all desire to know what truth is. Suppose, who am
I? How can I know myself? And what is the purpose of my life? Speak Truth is too important to build up
a strong character whereas untruth always leads to increase anti-social behavior. Self-respect, equability,
concentration, non- violence, gentleness are the example of truth. Truth is such kind of value, which
does not depend upon the will or the wish of individual. It is independent of desires and their related
interest and opinion. Truth consists both individual and communal aspects. Just as individual
truthfulness is the basis of secure a society, the common efforts towards truth about life and the cosmos
is represented, for example, by the sciences, by jurisprudence and philosophy. Is truth which enable us
to compare and distinguish true from false. In so far truth is inherent value in the human psyche is found
that no one likes to be called a liar, not even most liars. Because it is too hard to maintain a lie than
truth.

(b) Love and Caring: -

It leads us for unselfish mind, because it all comes from within our heart. Love is not an emotion, but a
spontaneous energy, purification of heart. It is unconditional positive and have well for other. It’s turned
away one’s mind from selfishness.Love is essential, if children are to grow up healthy in mind and body.

Love seeks many and various channel of realizations. Its essence can be characterize by the words ‘love
is unselfish care and concern for the well-being of others and the world at large’. It singing a child may
experience the sweetness of love. In wide sense love can be taken as a sense of care and concern. It’s a
kind of value which generates respect also. Love as care does not only refer to an emotion or a state of
mind which relates sympathy with all beings, creation and of divinity. It is also understood by sharing,
kindness, concern, helping and forgiveness.

(c) Peacefulness in a person’s life in society and in other terms is a product of all positive values working
together. Without truth caring concern or love and justice conflicts arise and peace is endangered.
Where there is peace in the family there will be peace in society. It is better to give than receive. If we
give hatred, will receive hatred and sorrow. If we give love and happiness, will receive respect and love.
It is simple in idea but difficult to achieve. Truth and love is the highest value to achieve it. To know ones
peace of mind a self-verification and self-administration are needed.

(d) Responsibility is the inherently sensed value. It is a core value of all human being. Human actions are
physical events brought about through physical behavior. There is no specific code of behavior which
can be prescribed for all the times and places independently, socially or in any kind of situations or
conditions. Responsibility is such an inherent value that one can acquire in his or her life. Suppose it is
the responsibility of students that they should concern about their studies. It is the responsibility of the
citizens to obey the constitutions of their respective country. It is responsibility of parents to look after
their children. But responsibility itself can’t formulated as explicit norms, laws or any kind of rules or
regulations. In today’s scenario we can see many kind of unethical practices in the society. But
responsibility enable us to take a prompt action to remove all those practices.If knowledge is true and
whatever the good inside us that provoke us to do right things in well efficient manners. Therefore
responsibility we can say a platform for a Right Act of Right Action.

(e) Justice,as one of the utmost human values, because jurisprudence is founded upon the broadest
possible consideration. Just means right and fair as deserved. Therefore justice means just behavior or
fair treatment. The quality of being fair and reasonable should be in our behavior towards others. If I
treated fairly in a decent manner so, I would be behave with others in a similar manner. It is a
recognition of equality and fairness in relationship. These contain right or wrong, good or ill, blame or
guiltlessness etc. It is established on fairness, where the equality of every individual before the track in
fundamental. As such it is a social value, in that it aims to resolve and reduce conflict,

guided by principles of care and non-violence. The aim to attain social justice for the perceived common
good in all human societies.

When one value is truly understood and practical then, the other values will also be understood, for
they are interlinked and flow from the common source, the spirit within. On the words of Clifford sharp,
“Human values are the ‘habits of thought’ each of us acquires as we mature so that we can assess and
deal with ‘ethical’ problems”
For this reason, more than one value it has been said nothing exists for itself only. The axe is useful so
long as it cuts, the tree so long as it bears fruit, the Cow so long as it gives milk. This rule applies to
everything in the natural would for all it is interrelated. It also applicable to human beings. Practice
make a man perfect. We are useful so far as we practice over the values. When we fail to do this, we are
just trackless over the danger. We found ourselves mismanaged.

Reference Books:

1. Srivastava,Smriti; Human Values and Professional Ethics; S.K.Kataria & Son Books, New Delhi;2010-11

2. Gupta,Y.K.; A foundational course in Human Values and Professional Ethics;Shubham Publications,

New Delhi; 2010
------------------------------------=====================================

-Defining Human Values- ‘value’, it came from a Latin word ‘valere’, which means ‘precious ‘or worthy
fullness. Value can be evaluated in two ways. Extrinsic values and intrinsic values. By example we can
understand this. Suppose, if I need 2 kg. of sugar to buy, for that I have to go for shopkeeper .After
paying the value of sugar, than only I can receive the material. In our life what we pay to buy material
things that all are related to extrinsic values. Apart from this there are intrinsic values,
suppose,Love,care,share,gratitude,,reverence,loyalty,responsibility which we cannot pay. I can’t say I
need 2k.g. of love or 2 meter of affection. This is absolutely impossible. Intrinsic values are so special or
precious to acquire in one’s life. Apart from this there are positive values and negative values. Positive
values always make a good impact for the society as well as individual .But the negative values always
make a bad impact for society and the mass. Because it increases anti-social, activities and anti-social
behavior. Which is not required. As ethics teach the lesson what is good for us and what is bad. So it is
depend on human being only which value they are going to practice .So it is evident that values are some
principle of human behavior .Value means importance and Education implies for right knowledge.
Therefore value education implies for importance of knowledge in any kind of source.

Values form the basis for all our thoughts, behaviors and actions. Once we know what is valuable to us,
these values becomes the basis, the anchor for our actions. We also need to understand the universality
of various human values, because only then we can have a definite and common program for value
education. Then only we can be assured of a happy and harmonious human society.

A value is defined as a principle that promotes well-being or prevents harm.” Another definition is:
Values are our guidelines for our success—our paradigm about what is acceptable.” Evolution of Human
Values: The human values evolve because of the following factors:

1. The impact of norms of the society on the fulfillment of the individual’s needs or desires.

2. Developed or modified by one’s own awareness, choice, and judgment in fulfilling the needs.

3. by the teachings and practice of Preceptors (Gurus) or Saviors or religious leaders.

4. Fostered or modified by social leaders, rulers of kingdom, and by law (government)

Human values are the virtues that guide us to take into account the human element when we interact
with other human beings. Human values are, for example, respect, acceptance, consideration,
appreciation, listening, openness, affection, empathy and love towards other human beings.

Human values are the core values that make up our personality and define how we act in life. These
values are very important as they make up who we are and are what guide us through life. The values
that we hold determine who we want to be as well as how we live our lives and the decisions that we
make on an everyday basis. Without these values, our lives would become chaotic and there would be
no meaning behind any of the things that we do or say.

All humans have these values in some way or another, and it is up to us to choose which values we hold
most dear. The 20th century philosopher Martha Nussbaum puts forth a list of ten innate human values:
truth, beauty, justice, courage, temperance, wisdom, love, equality, modesty and hope. These are values
that all humans should try to uphold as they go through their day-to-day lives. It is also important for
society at large to recognize these values and make them explicit in social systems, institutions and
organizations so that people will always know what they stand for.

Importance of Human Values:

The importance of human values is that it provides an understanding of what people find to be
important in their lives. There are many different aspects of human values. For example, integrity,
morality, and benevolence are all aspects of human values. The value system is not static and can change
depending on context or social situation. This means that some people have a certain set of values for
one context but may have completely different values in another context. One specific aspect of values is
the idea of self-esteem. Self-esteem has two forms: internal and external self-esteem. External self-
esteem deals with how others perceive you while internal self-esteem deals with how you perceive
yourself. If someone has high external esteem, they want to make sure other people think highly of them
as well whereas if someone has high internal esteem, they only want other people to like them because
they do themselves

Types of Human Values:

The 6 types of human values are autonomy, community, creativity, justice, power and self-direction.
These values are the things that motivate us to do what we do and make decisions based on these
values.

 Autonomy is the ability to be self-directed and take charge of our own actions. When someone
has autonomy they have the freedom to choose their own path in life and they can pursue a
career or lifestyle they want without feeling like they are being pushed into something that isn’t
for them.

 Community is the sense of belonging and connection to other people. People who value
community tend to feel like everyone needs each other to survive and succeed.

 Creativity is all about having fun with new ideas and thinking outside the box. It’s important
because it helps us solve problems in creative ways so we don’t have to rely on old methods that
might not work anymore.

 Justice means fairness for everyone and taking care of those who need it most, even if it costs
more than usual.

 Power is the ability to act on one’s desires without interference from others.

 Self-direction refers to making choices and living according to one’s beliefs instead of letting
others tell you how to live your life.

Individuals who value this type of human value enjoy exploring opportunities and trying new
experiences. These individuals are often drawn to careers that allow them to explore different fields or at
least allow them to change careers throughout their lives. Creative individuals may find themselves
drawn to professions such as inventors, musicians, architects and filmmakers. Those who value justice
usually end up in careers where they serve others such as doctors, lawyers, teachers and social workers.
Those who value power will likely go into law enforcement or government positions where they have
authority over what happens in society.

What are the main Human Values?

The main Human Values are honesty, fairness, respect, responsibility, caring and citizenship. These values
are the core of any human society and they should be applied in every area of life. Honesty is not just
telling the truth, but also includes telling people how you feel about them when necessary to maintain
their trust. Fairness is not only making sure that everybody has an equal opportunity to play sports or
succeed academically, but also means making sure that people are treated equitably within a team or
group. Respect goes beyond basic politeness and good manners; it involves recognizing other people’s
achievements as well as their differences from ourselves. Responsibility requires us to care for others,
but also to do what we say we’re going to do. Caring is not simply providing emotional support for
someone who needs it, but acting with concern for their needs even if there is nothing in it for us
personally. Citizenship means being loyal citizens of our country, but also promoting justice and peace
around the world.

What are Human Values in Ethics?

Human Values in Ethics are concepts that govern how people should act. For example, some Human
Values are justice, honesty and kindness. These values can provide a framework for ethical decision-
making. One could imagine an individual who is faced with a moral dilemma such as whether to save
their family from drowning or rescue one of their friends. In this situation, different human values might
dictate which option is preferable. Some may be more interested in selflessness than others and might
choose to save the family even though they know they will die while saving them. Others may place
great value on loyalty to friends and choose to save their friends even if it means sacrificing their own
life.

How do Human Values Influence Daily Life?

Human Values are aspects of life that are important to individuals in their daily lives. These values can be
both abstract and concrete, and they can include: love, joy, truth, peace, justice, beauty, and freedom.
Human Values influence daily life by directing our attention to what is most important to us as human
beings. In turn, these values influence the way we live our everyday lives by helping to determine how
we spend our time and energy. For example, if a person’s value is true, then they may want to pursue
knowledge or challenge false beliefs with their friends or family members. If a person’s value is justice,
then they may want to help someone who has been wronged in some way. Ultimately, these individual
Human Values make up an individual’s life philosophy which guides them throughout their journey in
this world.

Characteristics of Human Values:

Human values are the things that a person feels are most important in life. For example, family is a
human value for some people, while success is a human value for others. The characteristics of human
values are what they mean to different people and how they can be applied to real-life situations. People
may hold one or more human values as their core values. It is not necessary to have only one set of
human values because these can change over time or because one might not have thought about them
before.
Nature of Human Values:

Human Values are a topic that is still not completely understood. There are many definitions of Human
Values, but the most commonly accepted definition is that Human Values are perspectives or priorities
that people use to give meaning to their actions and experiences. The nature of Human Values can be
seen as complex and abstract because it deals with how humans experience the world. In this sense, it
has an anthropological perspective. People’s experiences shape the way they view things and in turn,
these views help define human values. These values are then passed down through socialization. It
should be noted that these values may have different meanings for each individual person based on who
they interact with and what they see.

Conclusion:

The term human values is a difficult one to define, but they are essentially moral values that apply to all
humans. Different cultures will have different sets of human values, but some can be found in every
culture. These are things such as equality, freedom, and justice. It may be easier to think of human
values as principles or guiding beliefs instead of an organized list. Some people may use a religion’s
commandments as their set of human values while others find their values within themselves. Either
way, individuals need to know what their own set of human values is because these provide guidelines
on how they should behave with other people, at home and at work.

Define Human Values?

Human Values is a sociological term referring to aspects of behavior that we, as humans, agree are
beneficial for society. They can be broken down into three areas: social integration, self-development,
and the welfare of society. These values may conflict with one another when they cannot all be satisfied
simultaneously; in this case, it becomes necessary to decide which value will have priority in specific
circumstances. For example, if your family’s survival is at stake and you have food but no water, you
would probably give priority to your family’s survival over societal welfare or development.

Why Is it Important To Follow our Values?

Throughout our life, our beliefs are shaped by many things including media messages, family, friends,
school and work. People have a tendency to change their beliefs when they come into contact with new
information that is inconsistent with their previous beliefs. It’s natural for people to be protective of
what they believe in and don’t want it to change.
However, if people make changes in order to fit in or be accepted by others; this might lead them to
make choices that would not otherwise be their own.

3 Tips to Develop an Exceptional Human Value:

We all want to live in a world that embodies justice, integrity, and accountability. To do this, we must
always be aware of human rights issues as well as find ways to work together to reduce divisiveness.
Here are three key things you can do

1. Involve others. It’s important to include your team, co-workers, friends, family, customers – anyone
who will be affected by your decisions. This will ensure that you are making the right choices for everyone
involved and it will help you create a team that shares one mission.
2. Offer food or other incentives when needed. If someone is doing something good, make sure they
know they’re appreciated with gifts, time off from work, or free items.

3. Have fun while you’re working on these challenges. People enjoy their jobs more when they’re able to
make an impact on the company’s culture and environment

Define Socialization?

Socialization is all about how we learn, through interaction with our environment, to develop ourselves
into fully functioning adults. It is how we learn who we are in relation to others. It is when you take that
first step onto a new campus and start meeting people. Or it’s when you go out for your first job
interview.

Benefits to Socialization:

Socializing is an important aspect of human development because it helps young people learn how to
get along with other people. It helps them build self-esteem and a sense of belonging, as well as develop
social skills, communication skills, and decision-making skills. Not only does socializing foster growth in
these areas but it also gives teens another opportunity to learn from adults in their lives.

In what ways Human values are Different from Socialization?

Human values are subjective and are developed by culture or personal experiences. Socialization, on the
other hand, is learned behavior that is a characteristic of being human. It is something we all do as we
interact with others. If you notice how a child is socialized, you’ll see that children are expected to
behave in certain ways depending on the situation and their surroundings.

For example, if a child is at home with his parents, he may be encouraged to play quietly so that he
doesn’t disturb them while they’re trying to work. However, if the same child was at school surrounded
by other children, it would be okay for him to be loud and rowdy because he’s not bothering anyone else
but himself. When adults teach these norms to children through modeling behaviors and providing
appropriate consequences for non-compliance (or rewards for compliance), this process becomes known
as socialization.

Impacts of individuals on Societal Development:

We are all creators of society. Society is not merely a group of people who reside together in an area; it is
something that has to be built and recreated each day by individuals. As such, there are four broad
impacts of individual contributions to society: (1) Intellectual, (2) Moral, (3) Cultural, and (4) Practical

Advantages and Disadvantages of Socializing:

Socializing is a normal part of growing up. It provides children with opportunities to develop their verbal,
social, emotional, and physical skills. One big advantage of socializing is that it teaches kids how to take
turns, be fair, cooperate with others and solve problems without resorting to aggression.

A disadvantage of socializing is that it can expose your child to a variety of germs or bugs they may not
have been exposed to before such as head lice or influenza. Another disadvantage could be that in some
situations where there’s too much pressure from peers on your child, they might begin trying out
unhealthy habits such as smoking cigarettes or drinking alcohol which could cause damage later on in
life.

Socialize with Diverse People:

The human values are based on a variety of things. One of those things is socialization. If we know more
people with different backgrounds, then we can socialize with diverse people in order to get to know
them better. Knowing people well will help us learn different perspectives and understand other
cultures. So, when we socialize with others who have different values or even totally opposite ones, then
it will increase our understanding of why they think like that way.

Characteristics of Values:

1. Values are not feelings, but they are concepts.

2. Values are express feelings but they are more than feelings.

3. Values exist in the mind, and, are independent of Public affirmation.

4. Values are absolute but they are dimensional. That is, values are a criteria for judging the degree of
goodness of badness, Tightness or wrongness.

5. Values are concepts heavily weighted with emotions and influence the child’s selection from variable
modes, means and ends of action.

6. Values are primarily, ethical, social and subjective. Therefore, they are strong dispositions of human
behaviour than concepts with less heavy emotional weightage.

7. Values are based on respect for human dignity. They assume that personal integrity is the nucleus
around which ethical community and global stewardship resolve.

8. Values are the very essence of human life.

9. Values are essential for a fair and equitable community which reflects our respect as well as
responsibility for the global environment.

10. Values are cross-cultural and are essential for the development of community and global citizenship.

11. Values are that in which people are interested.

12. Values are the things of worship.

13. Value is the product of feeling, set and action.

14. Values are the product of human spirit and not of intellect.

15. Values never change. It is only the perceptions of these that undergo changes as a result of ever-
evolving human consciousness.

16. Values act as forceful tools for the cultivation of social good.

17. Values are caught through literature.

18. Value is a motivating force behind the individual’s thought, emotion and action.
19. Values are integrated into personality and many times they act as barriers to the acceptance of new
change or innovations.

20. Every value is reflected in a person’s reactions.

21. Values influence every aspect of educational process.

Today, every parent wants to give the best education to children, which is not just confined to the books
but it goes much beyond that. The parents look at the holistic development of their children as that is
essential to edge in the global scenario. That is why parents focus on extracurricular activities and value
education along with academics.

In today’s time, when there is a huge crisis of moral values in society, value-based education proves out
to be the solution. Through value-based education, we can develop the children into people with strong
character and values who know how to utilize their knowledge for the advantage of mankind.

Nelson Mandela rightly said: “Education is the most powerful weapon through which you can change the
world”. Here, he talked about both academic education as well as moral value education. And, value
education has the power to change the world.

Education is a lifelong process of development of one’s personality which starts from the school. It is a
school that builds the base for everything. That is why school plays a significant role in providing value-
based education or moral education.

Meaning of value based education

Value-based education aims at training the student to face the outer world with the right attitude and
values. It is a process of overall personality development of a student. It includes character development,
personality development, citizenship development, and spiritual development.

Some people think that personality is an inborn character of a child and it can never be developed or
homed. However, this is not true. Personality development sessions and a good school selection can a
radical change in the personality of a child.

The Importance Of Personality Development

Personality development is essential to mold the child into a winning personality. It can bring lots of
changes in the attitude, perception and behavior of a child. Some of its benefits are described below:

 The students become more responsible for their behavior with teachers and fellow students.

 The students become regular with their home works and class works.

 They learn to cooperate with the teachers and fellow students in every situation.

 They learn to handle every situation in class with maturity.

 The students become attentive in class.

 It helps students to take their own decision without any hesitation.

  It develops a positive mind and a good attitude.

 Value education creates a strong relationship between student and teachers.

Value-based education is essential to develop an individual and help him/her lifelong in many ways:

 It gives a positive direction to the students to shape their future and even helps them to know
the purpose of their life.

 It teaches them the best way to live that can be beneficial to individuals as well as the people
around them.

 Value education also helps the students to become more and more responsible and sensible.

 It helps them to understand the perspective of life in a better way and lead a successful life as a
responsible citizen.

 It also helps students to develop a strong relationship with family and friends.

 It develops the character and personality of the students.

 Value education develops a positive view of life in the student’s mind.

Primary and Secondary Values

b. Secondary Values

• These are obligatory values determined by society through long experience and practice which are
consistently necessary for the well-being of its members.

• These are the values held by the society which every members must keep.

• Children live by obligatory values set by their parents but as they grow and mature, they develop their
own set of values guided by the basic values structure transmitted by their parents through culture.

2. Moral Ethical Values

• Moral or ethical values are basic and urgent in the life of man.

• According to Fritz Von, moral value is a qualitatively determined value-in-itself which has a normative
obligatory character and presupposes the liberty of possible decision.

• Moral or ethical values are the “ought to be” that appeal to our freedom.

• It lifts the level of personal value to a degree higher than the economic, cultural, and aesthetic values.

• Moral values possess two characteristics: universality and singularity.

3. Religious Values
• These values refer to that inner achievement and a hopeful transition into a domain of suprasensible
forces which are more elevated in the hierarchy of values.

• It aim for the Absolute and Supreme Value, the Highest Good (Summum bonum).

• According to A.C. Ewing, religious values are those that refer to the attachment to the right attitudes
towards reality as a whole or to the worship of Good, and communion with God.

4. Cultural Values

• Cultural values include artistic inclination to poetry, music, painting, architecture, literature;
characteristics paradigm of community living; the desire to better human relationships and bring about
peace and order in society.

• They are means with respect to the ultimate end, although they may be ends in their own order. They
are something of noble and human value in their own right.

5. Social Values

• Social values is defined as that perfection assigned to an object or attitude in virtue of relationship
between means and ends in society.

• An institution or a policy is a social value if it contributes to the good of society or if it is related and
directed to society.

• Social values initiate the formation of any society.

5. Social Values

• Two types to be considered:

• A. Values which are constitutionally social;

• Ex. patriotism, nationalism, family ties, friendship, social consciousness, liberty, economic productivity
and initiative.

• B. Values related to what is social

• Ex. creative values and vivencial values