MAS 109 Introduction to Linear Algebra

Final Exam June 12, 2024 (Wednesday) 4:00 PM ∼ 6:45 PM

Spring 2024 MAS 109
Full Name :

Student Number:

Do not write in this box.

Instruction

• No items other than scratch papers (given by TA), pen, pencil, eraser and your id are allowed.
You must leave all of your belongings that are not allowed at the designated area in the front of
the classroom.

• Before you start, fill out the identification section on the title page with an inerasable pen.

• Show your work for full credit, unless noted otherwise. Write the final answer to each problem
in the box provided.

• The exam is for two hours and 45 minutes. Ask permission by raising your hand if you have
any question or need to go to toilet. You are not allowed to go to toilet for the first 30 minutes
and the last 15 minutes.

• Any attempt to cheat or a failure to follow this instruction leads to serious disciplinary actions
not limited to failing the exam or the course.

Do not write in this table.

Problem Score Problem Score Problem Score Problem Score
1 / 10 5 / 10 9 / 25 13 / 20

2 / 10 6 / 10 10 / 20 14 / 20

3 / 20 7 / 20 11 / 20

4 / 20 8 / 20 12 / 25 Total / 250

–1–
MAS 109 2024 Spring

1. (10 points) Let

v1 = (1, 1, −1), v2 = (2, 2, −2), v3 = (2, 2, 2), v4 = (2, 2, −6), v5 = (3, 3, 5), v6 = (3, 4, 2).

Find all i among i = 2, 3, . . . , 6 such that vi can be expressed as linear combinations of v1 , · · · , vi−1 ,
justifying your answer.

Ans:

–2–
MAS 109 2024 Spring

2. (10 points) For a 2 × 2 matrix A whose characteristic polynomial is p(x) = x2 − x + 1,

compute tr(A109 + (A−1 )109 ).

Ans:

–3–
MAS 109 2024 Spring

3. Let  
1 2 3
A = 1 2 4 .
3 6 1

(a) (10 points) Find a basis for the column space of A.

(b) (10 points) Write A as c1 r1 + c2 r2 + · · · + ck rk , where k is the rank of A, ci is a column vector
of A, and ri is a vector of size 1 × 3 for each i.

Ans:

–4–
MAS 109 2024 Spring

4. Let    
0 1 0 1
A = 1 0 0 , b = 1 .
0 1 1 1

(a) (10 points) Find a QR-decomposition of A.

(b) (10 points) Find the least squares solution of Ax = b.

Ans:

–5–
MAS 109 2024 Spring

5. (10 points) Let W be the subspace in R4 spanned by {(1, −1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1, −1)}, and let
 
1
0
b=0 .


Find a vector ŵ in W such that ∥b − ŵ∥ ≤ ∥b − w∥ for any w in W .

Ans:

–6–
MAS 109 2024 Spring

6. (10 points) Find the least squares line of best fit to four points (0, −1), (−1, −1), (1, 1) and (2, 2).

Ans:

–7–
MAS 109 2024 Spring

7. (20 points) Find a singular value decomposition of the following matrix:

 
1 −2 0
A=
0 −2 1

Ans:

–8–
MAS 109 2024 Spring

           
 1 1 0   0 −1 2 
8. Let B1 = 0 , 0 , 1
     and B2 =  1 ,
  3 , −3 be ordered bases for R3 .
 
0 −1 1 1 2 −2
   

Suppose B3 is an ordered basis for R3 such that

 
1 1 0
PB2 →B3 = 0 −1 0 .
2 0 1

(a) (10 points) Find PB3 →B1 .

Ans:

–9–
MAS 109 2024 Spring

(b) (10 points) Let T : R4 → R3 be the transformation defined by T ((a, b, c, d)) = (a+b, c−a, b+d).
Find [T ]B1 ,E where E is the standard basis for R4 .

Ans:

– 10 –
MAS 109 2024 Spring

9. Let  
1 0 y
A = 0 1 y .
2 2 y−3

(a) (5 points) Show that 1 is one of the eigenvalues of A for any real number y.
(b) (10 points) Find all possible y such that A is not diagonalizable, justifying your answer.
(c) (10 points) Find all possible y such that A is orthogonally diagonalizable, justifying your
answer. In each of those cases, orthogonally diagonalize A.

Ans:

– 11 –
MAS 109 2024 Spring

(Use this page for Problem 9, if necessary)

– 12 –
MAS 109 2024 Spring

10. (20 points) Suppose B is a 4 × 4 matrix such that

   
1 2 −1 2 2 −1 1 1
3 6 −2 5 3 2 −1 1 
AB =  0 0 0 0 , where A=
 .
−1 3 2 −1
0 0 0 0 1 −1 3 2

Find a basis for each of the row space of B and the null space of B T .
(You may use the fact that det(A) = 45.)

Ans:

– 13 –
MAS 109 2024 Spring

11. (20 points) For the matrix A below, find matrices D and S such that A = SD, where the row
vectors of D form an independent subset of the row vectors of A, and S T is a matrix in reduced
row echelon form,  
3 4 5 −2
6 8 10 −4
A= 1 0 2 2  .


2 4 3 −4

Ans:

– 14 –
MAS 109 2024 Spring

12. Let P be an n × n matrix such that P 2 = P . Indicate whether each of the following statements is
true(T) or false(F). Justify your answer by proving or giving a counterexample.

(a) (10 points) P is diagonalizable.

(b) (7 points) tr(P ) = rank(P ).
(c) (8 points) If P is symmetric, then P is the standard matrix for an orthogonal projection of Rn
to the column space of P .

Ans:

– 15 –
MAS 109 2024 Spring

13. Let A be an m × n matrix and B be an n × k matrix whose reduced row echelon forms are R and
S, respectively. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true(T) or false(F). Justify
your answer by proving or giving a counterexample.

(a) (10 points) rank(AB) = rank(RB).

(b) (10 points) rank(AB) = rank(AS).

Ans:

– 16 –
MAS 109 2024 Spring

14. (20 points) For a 4 × 5 matrix A, and two vectors v1 ∈ R5 and v2 ∈ R4 , if there exists a linearly
independent subset {x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 } of four vectors in R4 such that

Av1 = x1 , AAT v2 = x2 , AT x3 = 0, and AAT x4 = 0,

then compute the rank of A, justifying your answer.

Ans:

– 17 –
MAS 109 2024 Spring

– 18 –