Internet of Things (IoT) Based Smart Water Tank Controller

A project Report Submitted for

partial Completion of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology

By
ADIL KHAN ( O105ME211004)

GROUP MEMBERS:-

MD HASNAIN ( O105ME211027)
ADIL KHAN ( O105ME211004)
JAISH ANZAR ( O105ME211024)
MOHAMMAD ARSHAD ( O105ME211029)

Under the supervision of

Prof. ABHILESH DUBEY

ORIENTAL INSTITUE OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this project work titled “Internet of Things (IoT) Based
Smart Water Tank Controller” is my original work and no part or it has been
submitted for any other degree purpose or published in any other form till date

Signature of students

……………………….
ADIL KHAN ( O105ME211004)
 CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the Dissertation Report titled ,” Internet of Things

(IoT) Based Smart Water Tank Controller” submitted by Md Hasnain,
Adil Khan, Jaish Anzar, Mohammad Arshad, Aadil Ahmad to OIST
Bhopal, is a record bonafide project work carried out by them under
my/our supervision and guidance and is worthy of consideration for
the award of the award of the degree of bachelor of Technology in
Mechanical Engineering.

……………………
Project Mentor
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A successful project is a fruitful culmination of the efforts of many

people. Some are directly involved and others have quite encouraged
and extended their invaluable support throughout the process. We
would like to convey our heartful thanks to our Management for
providing the good infrastructure, laboratory facility, and qualified and
inspiring staff whose guidance was of great help in the successful
completion of the project. We would like to express a warm thanks to
Prof. Girish Kumar Khare, Head of Department (HOD) of Mechanical
Engineering Branch, for providing the necessary facilities to
successfully carry out this project. We are profoundly indebted to Prof.
Abhilesh Dubey, Project Mentor, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, for their guidance throughout the project by giving timely
advice and encouragement.

We would also like to thank all other teaching staff and non- teaching
staff for allowing us to carry out the project work. Last. but not least,
we would like to thank our friends and family for the support and
encouragement they have given us during the course of our work.
 Internet of Things (IoT) Based Smart Water Tank Controller
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Abstract - The water tank level monitoring and motor prone to errors. In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT)
pump control system is a critical aspect of ensuring an technology has gained significant attention due to its
adequate supply of water. Due to an excessive supply of water, potential in various applications, including water tank level
the majority of residents in residential areas experience water monitoring and motor pump control system. IoT allows for
shortages and water tank overflows. Users find it challenging the integration of sensors, microcontrollers, and web as well
to gauge the amount of water in water tanks, which increases as android applications, providing real-time monitoring of
the risk that they will run out of water when they need it most. water levels. Most of the authors [14-17], used IoT to their
Users won't notice when the water tank is filled even when the works on water level monitoring.
motor pump is active, which could lead to an overflow. To Water tanks are a popular way of storing water in many
resolve problems with water tanks, a water tank level parts of the world, especially in areas where water supply is
monitoring and motor pump control system is used. It is also unreliable. However, monitoring water tank levels can be a
feasible to employ a sensor to monitor the water level of the challenging task, as it requires constant attention to ensure
tank so that anytime the water falls below a predetermined adequate water supply. Due to an excessive supply of water,
threshold user can turn on the motor pump and monitor the the majority of individuals experience water shortages and
water level using an Android application. Also, when a water water tank overflow issues [1], [8]. Hence, there is a
tank overflows, a sensor is used to monitor the water level. If requirement of water tank level monitoring and motor pump
the water level rises above a certain threshold, the motor control system, which will check the water level from the
pump can be turned off by the user. Water waste is prevented water tank and users can take necessary actions
by this system. immediately to save water from wastage. Water tank level
monitoring and motor pump control system can be
Key Words: Internet of Things (IoT), Node MCU, Arduino employed in various applications like food grains storage
UNO, Water Tank, Ultrasonic Sensor, Water Level Depth units, industrial locations, commercial and residential areas.
Detection Sensor, Relay Module, LCD Display, LED,
Submersible Motor Pump, Blynk. This work aims to design and develop an Internet of
Things (IoT) based water tank level monitoring and motor
1. INTRODUCTION pump control system that analyses the level of water and to
takes necessary steps to prevent water waste from water
Water is the main element used in daily living, whether for tank. It also intimates the user about the water level of tanks,
home or commercial purposes. Overuse of water is now a if it reaches beyond the maximum level.
significant problem that is harming our environment. Lack of
water may result from excessive wasting, which can also 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
cause other environmental issues like climate change,
droughts, rising pollution, and rising human demand. As An automatic water tank level and pump control system was
there is a limited supply of fresh water, it is crucial to use created by Premi et al. [1]. The system's sensor devices
and manage it properly. Monitoring water waste in different monitor and regulate the water level in the pump as well as
sectors, such as residential, commercial, or industrial the overhead tank. The sensor detects the level of the
locations, is urgently necessary [1]. overhead tank and transmits various signals to the Arduino,
Depending on the various fields [2], it may be for survival which are used to turn the motor pump on and off. The
or economical or other different field’s water has its own circuit has a buzzer that will sound when the water level in
level of importance. Therefore, saving water is one of the the overhead tank reaches a certain level.
challenging aspects for the survival of human race.
Monitoring the water level in tanks is crucial to ensure that Kulkarni et al. [2] proposed a system that can be
the water supply is sufficient. Traditional methods of implemented in domestic areas, residential areas, storage
monitoring water levels are manual, time-consuming, and
rooms, and work places with only few components, with most existing systems that use SS sensors, which
providing accurate readings of water level and alerts the corrode when in contact with water-based chemicals.
user through phone calls. Without internet or Wi-Fi
connections, alerts are sent to the user via regular phone Shah et al. [8] proposed a system for monitoring the water in
calls using the GSM Module. By alerting maintenance tanks that makes use of IoT and an android application. The
engineers to leaks and taking the necessary action, future microcontroller used in this system is the ESP 8266. The
improvement can be accomplished. maximum and minimum water levels are obtained from the
Firebase cloud using ESP. When the water level is halfway
Malche et al. [3] proposed a system that can be used to between the maximum and minimum levels, the user can
obtain real-time information about a water source's water control the status. The shortcomings of conventional tanks,
level from any location using any Internet-connected device. which are unable to both monitor and control the water level
It can be used to monitor and analyze water use as well as in the tank, are overcome by this system.
environmental data, including location data, water quality,
temperature, and other variables. It can also be used to Santra et al. [9] introduced a system that gauges the
remotely collect, analyze, and forecast real-time data about a water level using ultrasonic sensors. The system makes use
specific water source's usage and other factors at a specific of a microcontroller, water level sensor and indicator, and
location. water level pump controlling system. In this system,
Arduino Uno R3 is supplied by DC SMPS. The system receives
A capacitive-type sensor is presented by Loizou et al. [4]. power supply from SMPS. When an ultrasonic sensor detects
It is intended to be immersed in a water tank and its a change in water level, it sends a signal to the
capacitance varies with the level of the water. A city-scale microcontroller and begins to echo pulses. The primary
water distribution network's 4 m water storage tank has drawbacks of this project are the costs associated with the
been used to assess the sensor's performance. devices that are used.

Gama-Moreno et al. [5] proposed The Interface for Ahmed et al. [10] suggested using fuzzy logic for water
Monitoring Water Tanks (IRMA) as a system that would level monitoring and control. The water level controllers can
allow users to control and manage their water tank facilities be designed in a variety of ways. For level control, the
and keep track of how irrigation is carried out. It can be used proportional integral derivative controllers have become
in a variety of scenarios and is constructed with electronic renowned. Proportional-Integral-Derivative controllers are
and software components. The main features of IRMA are unable to properly maintain liquid level during low power
the ability to start and stop watering at anytime and operations. Therefore, it is essential that the performance of
anywhere using a smartphone or mobile device with SMS the current liquid level regulators be improved.
functionality. You can also control and monitor the watering
facilities online using any mobile device. Perumal et al. [11] proposed an IoT-based protocol for
the purpose of real-time water level monitoring in disaster
A system created by Getu et al. [6] checks the level of the prone areas, the working theory behind this prototype was
tank's water using a level detector, and then it adjusts the based on the water level, a crucial parameter for controlling
water pump's status based on the information it collects. the system's flow, particularly in areas that are prone to
This design makes use of a motor pump and a seven- flooding. The water level was assessed using ultrasonic
segment display. The suggested system consists of a digital sensors, and the information gathered from the sensors was
logic processor circuit and a water level sensor. The shown on an LCD and stored on a server. On the host, this
suggested technology eliminates the need for manually managed water monitoring system is installed. Results were
controlling water needs in urban and rural areas. displayed on a remote dashboard and social media platforms
like Twitter handles once the water level exceeded.
Shrenika et al. [7] created a non-contact water level
monitoring system using LabVIEW and Arduino. The water For the purpose of warning users about problems like
depth in the tank is calculated by an ultrasonic sensor. The water contamination, tank breakage, and other common
program will collect data from the sensor and transmit it to leakages, as well as the consumption rate with respect to
the Arduino board, which will then use the data to either these environments, De Paula et al. [12] focused on usable
turn on or off the pump. This idea gets around the problems scenarios like building apartments or smart buildings and
related working environments. It not only identifies risky
situations, but also aids in preventing and limiting the messages sent from smartphones is 5.414 seconds. The
damages that may result from these uncertain device, which will be built using a microcontroller and an
circumstances, keeping the damage rate to a minimum. The Android smartphone as a flood early warning system, will be
suggested solution is adaptable enough to allow for actions designed for further research.
to be taken depending on the circumstances, such as turning
on and off the water supply to prevent further water waste. Kumar et al. [19] proposed a simulation model using
The middleware displays and serves as a storage medium for Blynk tool for remote monitoring and controlling of water
data coming from the sensors. The middleware serves as a tank level. It uses a virtual water tank in Proteus with the
storage medium for data coming from the sensors, displays help of logic gates whose water level in indicated. The data is
the data as needed, and then resumes the flow of the data to sent to the arduino as well as transferred to the blynk cloud,
other IoT devices as necessary. allowing users to control and monitor the water level from
their mobiles. Their paper mainly focuses on saving water,
Min-Allah et al. [13] developed a prototype which uses energy and time.
the concept of the IoT in android application for observing
water levels of tanks in KSA. The proposed system is Dhillon et al. [20] introduced an IoT based SMS enabled
system that monitors the water level and switches motor
composed of three layers: presentation, service, and
automatically when water goes above or below a certain
physical. The android application is utilized at the level. With the help of this system user can know the
presentation layer to provide information to the user. The information about the pH level of water. The user receives all
physical layer is made up of an ultrasonic sensor that of the stated information via SMS.
measures the water level. This data is provided to the service
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
layer, which stores it on a cloud server.
The proposed system is named as Internet of Things (IoT)
An IoT tool that can be assist in monitoring and based smart water tank level monitoring and motor pump
controlling water use suggested by Wadekar et al. [16]. The control system. The components that are being used in
data on the water level is updated continuously through development of the proposed system model are NodeMCU
[8], Arduino UNO [2], [7], Relay module [1], [8], Water depth
sensors that are positioned inside the tank. This data is
level sensor [2], [14], Ultrasonic sensor[8], [15], [20], which
loaded on the cloud. A person can use an Android application calculate the water level accurately, LCD display [20], LED
to visualize the data related to water levels. The operation of indicator, submersible motor pump[2], [9], to flow the water
the water pump is automated and controlled according to from water storage tank to water tank and Blynk tool [19]
the tank's water level. If there is insufficient water in the for control, and monitoring real time data of water level from
tank, the water pump activates and turns off as the tank is the tank.
about to be filled. 3.1 Block diagram of the proposed system
Gupta et al. [17] suggested a smart strategy to use IoT to
determine the water level and purity. The suggested method
measures the purity and level of the water, respectively,
using turbidity sensors and ultrasonic sensors. The sensor-
read data is uploaded to the cloud. Using a mobile app, the
motor can be remotely connected to and turned on or off
depending on the water level using the Wi-Fi module built
into the Raspberry Pi controller.

Sulistyowati et al. [18] developed a river water level

monitoring system using a microcontroller-based Android
smartphone and ultrasonic sensors. The microcontroller
evaluates the information the sensor system continuously
transmits regarding the river's water level before
disseminating the findings to the general public. According
to test results, ultrasonic sensors have an average error rate Fig.1: Block diagram of Internet of Things (IoT) based
of 1.121% and a 1 cm error rate for the rate at which the Smart Water Tank Level Monitoring and Motor Pump
water level changes. The average delivery time for SMS Control System
In the block diagram shown in Fig.1, NodeMCU [8] is certain level where the LCD display will show the level high,
connected with Ultrasonic sensor [15], Relay Module [1] and the pump will be OFF.
LCD Display [20]. Ultrasonic sensor will monitor the water
level of the water tank and send it to the LCD display through 4. METHODOLOGY
NodeMCU and LCD display will show the real time data of 4.1 Component connection of Water Tank
water level. On the other hand, Relay module is connected
with submersible motor pump. Submersible motor pump,
Water level sensor and LED is connected with Arduino UNO
[2], [7]. Water level depth detection sensor [2], will sense the
water level of water storage tank and depending on the water
level of water storage tank the LED bulb will blink in the
three different color indicators which is Red for Low level,
Yellow for Medium level and Blue for High level.

3.2 Flowchart of the proposed system

Fig.2: Flowchart of Internet of Things (IoT) based Smart

Water Tank Level Monitoring and Motor Pump Control
System

Fig.2 shows, the Flowchart of the project which is Internet

of Things (IoT) based smart water tank level monitoring and
motor control system. Ultrasonic sensor which is adjusted
with the water tank, sense the water level. Than depending
on the water level ultrasonic sensor will send the data to the
LCD display. LCD display will show the real time data of Fig.3: Water tank component connection
water level as high, medium and low. If the water level will
low, the pump will be ON until its show the water level high In Fig.3, the connection and setup of NodeMCU, Ultrasonic
into the display and when the water level will reach to the Sensor, Relay Module, LCD display for water tank is fully
complete.
4.2 Component connection of Water Storage Tank The full setup of the proposed system which is IoT based
smart water tank level monitoring and motor pump control
system shows in the Fig.5.

4.4 Advantages of the proposed system:

Internet of Things (IoT) based smart water tank level
monitoring and motor pump control system has several
advantages, including:
I. Real-time monitoring of water levels: The system
provides real-time monitoring of water levels, which helps in
efficient management and prevent the wastage of water.
II. Low-cost: The system is low-cost, making it affordable
for various applications.
III. Easy to install: The system is easy to install and
requires minimal maintenance.
IV. User-friendly application: The Blynk application used
in the system for control as well as monitoring real time data
is a user-friendly dashboard that displays the water level in
real-time.

5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Fig.4: Water Storage Tank component setup

Fig.4 shows, the component connection of water storage

tank, where the connection and setup of Arduino UNO, water
level depth detection sensor, submersible motor pump and
LED indicators are done.
4.3 Complete setup of the proposed system

Fig.6: Water level status Low in LCD Display

Fig.5: Complete setup of System Prototype Fig.7: Water level status Medium in LCD Display
Fig.6 shows the water level status of water tank. When user
uses the Blynk application and turned ON the motor, the
ultrasonic sensor will monitor the water level and user can
show the status in LCD display. So, in Fig.6 it shows the
water level is Low. In Fig.7, the water level status is Medium
and the motor is ON. So, the water is flowing from water
storage tank to water tank. Fig.8 indicates the Full status of
water level of water tank into the LCD display. By monitoring
the LCD display user can easily turned OFF the motor pump
using Blynk application so that water wastage can be
prevented and user can monitor the water level of water
tank accurately.

Fig.8: Water level status Full in LCD Display

Fig.10: Real time water level monitoring in Blynk

application and motor pump controlling

Fig.9 and Fig.10 shows the interface of the application and

accurate water level monitoring data and submersible motor
pump control using Blynk tool.

Table-1: Status of water level in water tank based on

motor pump condition using Blynk

Motor
Sl. Controlling Status of Water
Pump
No. Blynk level in Blynk
Condition

Starts increasing
1 ON ON
water level

Stops increasing
2 OFF OFF
water level

Whenever user taps ON to the Blynk application the Motor

will be ON and water level in water tank starts increasing.
Similarly, when motor is in OFF state that mean, Blynk
Fig.9: Interface of water level monitoring and motor application is OFF by the user, water level stops increasing.
pump control in Blynk application This can be illustrated from the Table-1.
Table-2: Monitoring Water level of water tank using Blynk application based on motor pump condition, ultrasonic sensor
and LCD Display
Sl. Controlling Motor Pump Status of Ultrasonic Status of LCD
Water level in Blynk
No. Blynk Control sensor Display
1 ON ON Starts increasing Detecting the water level Water level: LOW
2 ON ON Starts increasing Detecting the water level Water level: Medium
3 OFF OFF Stops increasing Detecting the water level Water level: Full

Table-2 shows that, when user click to the ON

button through Blynk application motor will ON, water level
starts increasing, ultrasonic sensor detecting the water level
and water level is low will be displayed in the LCD display.
Similarly, when the button is ON in Blynk application that
means the motor is also in ON state, ultrasonic sensor
detects the water level and water level medium is showing in
the LCD display. Finally, when user turns OFF the motor
from Blynk application and ultrasonic sensor detects the
water level High, the LCD display will show the water level is
Full.

Fig.13: LED indication Low

Table-3: Status of LED and water level of water storage

Fig.11: LED indication High
tank using Blynk application and water depth level sensor
Water
level
Motor status
Sl. Controlling Status
Pump using
No. Blynk of LED
Condition water
depth level
sensor
Glows
1 ON ON High
in Blue
Glows
2 ON ON Medium in
Yellow
Glows
Fig.12: LED indication Medium 3 ON/OFF ON/OFF Low
in Red

LED indication of water storage tank shows in the Fig.11, Table-3 shows the controlling of Blynk, motor pump
Fig.12 and, Fig.13. When water is full the Blue color LED will condition ON or OFF, water level status, and status of LED
blink which indicates High that means the storage tank is full indication which is for water storage tank. When LED glows
in water. Yellow color LED is for medium and Red color LED in Blue that means water level is High. Similarly, when LED
is for the indication of low level of water in the water storage blinks in Yellow it means water level is medium and Red
tank. means low water level.
 Fig.14: Internet of Things (IoT) based Smart Water Tank Level Monitoring and Motor Pump Control System

The complete proposed system which is Internet of Things Water Level Monitoring System Using IoT." In 2020 IEEE
(IoT) Based Smart Water Tank Level Monitoring and Motor International Symposium on Sustainable Energy, Signal
Pump Control System is showed in the Fig.14. Processing and Cyber Security (iSSSC), pp. 1-5. IEEE,
2020.
5. CONCLUSIONS
[3] Malche, Timothy, and Priti Maheshwary. "Internet of
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devices, and cloud-based platforms. Through the integration [4] Loizou, Konstantinos, Eftichios Koutroulis, Dimitrios
of IoT technology, the water tank level monitoring and motor Zalikas, and Georgios Liontas. "A low-cost capacitive
pump control system can provide real-time data on the water sensor for water level monitoring in large-scale storage
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motor pump control systems can bring significant benefits in [5] Gama-Moreno, L. A., A. Corralejo, A. Ramirez-Molina, J. A.
terms of prevent water waste, efficient water management, Torres-Rangel, C. Martinez-Hernandez, and M. A. Juarez.
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