Ques – Define Atom?
Atom is the smallest indivisible unit of an element which exhibits all the properties of that element
and may or may not have independent existence.
It is the building block of matter and neutral in character.
IT CONSISTS OF NUCLEUS AND THREE SUBATOMIC PARTICLES -
PROTON - Positive
ELECTRON - Negative
NEUTRON - Neutral
Proton Electron Neutron Nucleus
Symbol p e n
Location Inside Revolve around the Inside Nucleus Central Part of Atom
Nucleus nucleus in well defined
circular path
called shells or orbit
Charge Positive Negative Neutral / No Positive(made of
charge proton and neutron).
Proton and neutron
are collectively called
as nucleons.
Ques- Define Molecule?
A molecule is the smallest particle of an element or compound, capable of independent existence.
It consists of one or more than one atom of the same or different elements.
It is stable as compared to Atoms.
Ques - Why atoms are electrically neutral?
The atoms of only a few elements called noble gases (Such as helium, neon, argon and krypton, etc.) are
chemically unreactive and exist in the free state or independently.
Atoms of most of the elements are chemically very reactive and do not exist in the free state
or independently
Ques - Define Atomicity of a molecule of an element?
The number of atoms which constitute one molecule of an element is called its atomicity. Depending upon
the number of atoms in one molecule of an element, they are classified as:
Monoatomic molecule – Elements in which the atoms do not join to form a cluster of atoms or
molecules are said to be Monoatomic Molecules. Eg – Helium (He), Neon (Ne) etc. All metals are
monoatomic in nature.
Diatomic molecule - The molecules of elements which have two atoms are called diatomic
molecules. Eg – Nitrogen N2, Oxygen O2 etc.
Triatomic molecule – The molecules of elements which have three atoms are called triatomic
molecules. Eg – Ozone O3
Polyatomic molecule -The molecules of elements which have more than three atoms are called
polyatomic molecules. Eg Phosphorous P4, Sulphur S8 etc
Ques - Define Periodic Table?
Ans – A tabular chart in which elements are arranged in increasing order of their atomic number in
horizontal rows called periods and the elements have similar properties in the same vertical columns called
groups. It make the study of elements simpler.
The horizontal rows are called periods. There are total 7 periods. Elements have the same number
of electron shells.
The columns of the periodic table are called groups. There are total 18 groups. Elements have the
same number of valence electrons.
Ques – Define two types of Ions?
Anion - An anion may be defined as an atom or molecule that is negatively charged.
Cation - A cation may be defined as an atom or molecule that is positively charged.
They have an opposite electrical charge, therefore they get attracted to each other.
Ques – Define –
Formula of a Compound – The symbolic representation of one molecule of a compound , representing the
number of atoms of various elements.
Nucleus – A very small region located within the atom, containing protons and neutrons.
Nucleons – The particles found within the nucleus of an atom – Protons and Neutrons.
Protons – A positively charged particle within the nucleus of an atom having mass equal to 1 amu.
Neutrons – An electrically neutral particle found within the nucleus of an atom , such that its mass is equal
to 1 amu.
Electron – A negatively charged particle revolving around the nucleus such that its mass is 1/1837 the mass
of one hydrogen atom.
Valency – The number of electrons donated or accepted by an atom of an element so as to have 8 electrons
in its outermost shell.
Electropositive Valency - An element has electro positive valency if it donates electrons. It is always equal
to number of electrons donated.
Electronegative Valency - An element has electro positive valency if it accepts electrons. It is always equal
to number of electrons accepted.
Variable Valency – An element which exhibits more than one valency is said to have variable valency.
