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ExPERImEN T No1
AND,
OR, NONANO EX-OR, EX-NOR Gates
Realization o Boolean Expresslon using
Getes and minimaotion usig karnogh

Abþaratus Kequited :- Rreacl bsaxd, Tc-3400(NANO 6ATE)

Tc- 7402 (NORGATE) IC-3404NOT (GATE))
TC-740&(ANO GAZ) 2C- 7432(OR GATE),
1C - 7436 (Ex-oR GArE)Cnnective wire ett.

Theoryi be basics Gates an thebuidings

blocks omore comblo lagic cicuits hese
logic gates penlorm the Basi Boalean functions, ucb
as AN0 ,OR,NANO,NOR,Lnversfon, fxcusiue-OR,
Exclusive -NOR. Ei belcw shaw tbe cscui t symbel
Boolen funchon, and truth . Ii scen Jm the
that each qotc hos ohc or two binary inhut
Aond B and one binany autput.c The smgll
circle On the the cieít symbols
lagic cmplement.
the Tac ANO,
designata
ORNANp 2 NOR gates can be extended t
Can be
Mave mare than tuo inputs A qate
extended to bavemultple nputs af the binay
iscom mutotye ancl
ghesatlont xaprescnts
associa tive

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Nomenclatuwre of Digtal Tcs i

These basic lagie gatea ae uimple mentecl &mall -
seale integrated ireuit (SsIC's) or as. patt q
more
complex medlum Scale CmsI)
Scale CuLsz) integxated cireus. D'gorltal wery laxge
22 gates
are
classifiecd
Jemily to ohch
not only by thel lagle creu't
has its own they belong .Each
basics
logte famly
w hich more electronícs
crct yban
comple x diytal cicutts
are
develaped. The flaang iagi fomiies function
the nast
TIL: requently
Trensistor
used
- Iransistors loqic
ECL:
Emittey -coupled logie
Metal - OXLdesemicanductor
Cmos
Camblementory metal -axide semíconcuctor.
TIL and ECL are based ubon bipolar tronsítas ITL
has a well-establised pepular among logíc lomiies. ELi
used only in system xequ'ríng high-speed opraon
mOs and CmOs ae bauc on
fild elfect tonsis tor
Tacy axe
uidaly
aircuit becauae
usec Pn larqc scale
of their comborent density ancl
Soteqnated
selatively low bdweh concentr ations
Cmos consumes or less power thon Mas lagic
Tacse ae baous comm erclal nteqratec circut
chips avatloble. TILICS are usually dstinzuished
by umerials de signaton. as the 540O oncl
7400
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clasfed byi
QTe

IC 32 lbumbeh 4 logic qates an Lc

and îe Seriea Desipnatíon
snbel Tuth obk oR lGND
7u32-QvaD IN PUTORGATA Logic ymbala and Tzuth Table t
The OR Gate i
/+5u/
’ANDGanc 12 Ihe OR Gate
pxoduce a HI aH outhuts when
any or all of the inbut is HLGH The abbreviation or
this 9ate is OR. ohen bath
IC740! Tae standard Symbol inputs au low output is lo
or an oRs shown n
below whichwit the associatecl truth
|toble Tbe operoton unctin siqn tor the oRate ist
2 3 4

Sumbol suth fable ol

GNp lo w(-ve) of
The 4NO aate
2U08-9OA 2- INPUT AND GATR The AND Gate þxaduce o HIGH_ outbut wben

’NAND Gate
all of the nput ae HIGH, The
a bbx euiaton for thi
Higln gate Ís AN obseraton is cenoted by a clotl)
A

12 when any iabut Qhe lows outbut s loue

The standad Symbol for an AND qate is shown
ig belaw abng cth the assoclated tuth tbe
The NAN> Gate i
The NAND qate brodluces a cus sutbut
e r i n5
2 s when all af the inbuts
Symbol 2Tuth Tob The obbxclaton lay ths qate. s NANS and is AND
with NOT Whch any input aelow, the outhut
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GATE : s HIGH. he stardod

) NOR
shown in Symbol for VAND
gate
an

below alany with the associated

îC- 79O2
Dyuth tabl

The NOR Gate -

5 6
l&ND (- ve) lo The NoR Gate_produce o HIGH outhut
when all of the nput ic lew
ZU02- Qund- 2-INPUT Nor GArs when any or allits nbuts ae HIGH the outbut
s cOe.
ol? The stan dancl symbol for an NoR qate 2 shown
along wwith the as5oclated Truth
i4 13
below
tabll
The apexabon unc fhan sín fox the NGR Gute
8 + Lnsde

The Enclusive OR Gate

Thecncusiue CR Gate
ied 0R Gate tut procuceA a HiGH outbut when bry
Low
HIGH. when bothe iputs
one of the fnbut s
cutbut
HLGH wbe n bath rbuts ane 100. the
HIGH
|+52 LOw
13 2 I! 10 9 The stondland symhalor a n encesive CR qate
îs shoun belcw a.cng wirh the ouciated
truth toblu

The NOT Gate i

2 inventer OR NOT qate

can haye inbut oncl cne outtut
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terminal
tthen output
H is
defined whencve iaput i Highi
lowand the vCce-yersaOrwe can
Say thcat the oyente LS lag element
whose output state
input state olway tposte ef irs
Schematie Symbol s shown
Broce duei

connectons shown
Connect Pin No-7 to GND CGrouncl.
’ Connect inNo -/4 to Vcc

Result -

AND,NANO, Ex-OR Gatc) anL

weed
ConclysionPacaut'ant
All connetons shoulol be aceording to círait caran.
AlL connecb'ons shoulcd be rght and tight
Reading shauld be taken carcfully
the apininunt.
Resulti
Balean Expxession using venifed

Al Connce hon shouldl be accorcing h Ciwitblg

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SOP: Sum OF PeODUCT FoRm (soP)

A Tnputs Outputs
Ag A+ TheSUm o
pxocluet form ezpression contains tu
more ANS forms which
a OR toyeher,Each AND
2404
tesm (pxoduet term).consíts of on Or mnoxe oriubu
aheaing either n comblcmen tol or
uncombe mented

PRoDUCT OF Sum CPos)

The produet of sum. Jorm expressian cantins hee

POS - more oR term which AN togethe
Outbuts to toxm Pos exbessien foch oR term contelr L
Tnhats
3 more váriablu
abhaning e'hen in comjalemnta
in un-compumented foxn eg -(as0)Ate)
3y Proce dune '

>make the cOnnecton as shewn in agure

> Connect Pin No: 7 to GNoPo No 14 to Vee

Resulti
Badean Epessien usng Getc Vered
Pre cauton s i
Al Conncction shoulc be qacor ding to
ciscuit
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XPERIOENT No 2

veriiat fen of Truth

Hall, fulladcen
tobles of

Abþatus Required: Bread Boah d 2c- 7404 GNur GATE)

îc-7uo9 CAND), il- 749 lEr-oR,
canne chny wirescte
Theory i Ahall adden i dizital cirait tht acdely
two singl bi' binany aurmhers l pradluces
Tnputs Aand G au tuo iaaut texminel
Outbuts_Sis Bum Qut
hates an XOR Gate adon AND
9ate to penform addition
Punbose A hall addes is used to calculat the
aithmetc
numle binany
addihan of tue-singlbit
hall add es doesaE have an
input forcany out faom the
"he
canty igal eprescnt oexlbw into t e
ncat digt a mule- lait adeiten. he su i fe
the leat atifcont sitCLsa) cary e the
most agnihant bit Cmse)

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Paze o.

Make the connELhons

Connect Pio No-7 to
Pp
Coonct
GND

Resulti
obs eY vahon tebb efhull Adlen
kell edder
Pnecautonsi

oAL conn echon should be tz circuit diagom.

AIL connecbon sbould be acordint
ri ght 2 bight
Reaclingshould be tksn camfaly
Siteh ot fouen subply

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xPERIMENI NO-3
D6jectie i Desin ueif'cakan of tath tabl of duadn

ApparatuRequied: &xead Bsand AND (2vo8), NOIvo4)

Thxee input AND aate, Foun înput OR
aate, NÍT Gud, connechng ires
Theory i Be name "Decoder means t o trns late or
decodecodecd informabeon fren onu formd
iato anoth er So c biaany decaclun 'tsens
min' binany mbut aigrial Sato an

Decoden Bey anohen type of dgital

loqi deviees that has
46t coclis
more bits will be difnul an n-bet cocde Athe
RE wil be passibu ieprescnt possihl
valuy. hus dcoden gaunally chadu a
Inverter ? ntoa no
n birany. ne

A
deLoclen.
oY Balean numnben)t actts 6ni
<il outfout husd on that inbut
wfth atl
at athu
ethn suthitsduactiatd
euthuts
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e, fox cxamplu, an investen CNoT-Gate) con be classec wa

becus with an two cutbut

A ACnot a) dcoden
output Cod gerirally
noxmally he
ieinbut
anfput code and prac Mcal birany dhod
pinuits uncuole, 2to43to 4to lL n
CiRcuIT DIAGPAMS
wtth t trth'tahle
B
AND GATE
2tot Binany becoders
The sinb exomblu ahove fa 244 Lins birany
Dnverter decoden consists of an
A
The biacy nbut labulel 4 2Bai dho ed lote
o 4 sutputs hencc the descripticn
Decocld
binany
mn teYms tu banioble coch outbut
amintems)
The binany inputs AlB deter mine wbieh cutbut
"HIGH at laqic
Can be actue CHlG H) at any
time hefere whiche ver cutbut in s Hian'
iden hies the binary cacle þresent at the
fn othe, worod it the bincy înkut
de-cccles
domu binany dicacls hae an add'enal
ifet hin dalliel Fnable that centrals the outfbut
his ex
the device .ty a inpd cllews, hedecodey
"CN'
to be tennucl
f bmay heo du: ae
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Bloct bogrom manmoxt addxess decadens in micrapro cessox

memaiy pbl'cafons
Outhut

Tae becaden were ued n converson

dcocles
n
>uscd analey
n electranic corcltts to oAverE lostrchion
into CPU control
wsd ia eg'cal circuil ydatu bronshes
Decoden TC numben i
’2to4 decocle had -74HC139.
BCD to Decmal olucocler Ic

4 3349
’742S49 Bcs to I- Segment secoder
’74S43 BLS to ?- Seqmentbecocder
3 to o Saeolicodes.

Pocecluu?
2Make connechion aboen
Connect Pin No - to GN
PCoanet Pin Ne 4 to Vec

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ayetem. that a singl Li is regured to cay hwo

ene si
hat at a tore can be hlacecd
sa lewice that ofll allou s select, at
d'fet instonts the signals we wish to blace
tais common ln , Such a arult
Multiplxe
On

One outbut line Multplexer

the no
equie
tunrecuis the cast
4:1 meliisven tng logic Gat lis CaLlCa hich
Assum fhat we have
eto he

Block bjugorn i Tnput to selct wtlch tie Cinbuts i

Truth Tabu ! at th GtbutCallthse Slut linu Aach.

Dobut s |Outpds
Otbt
" bata zouting

C3 Switeh SeItnq conmþarator

Meltibxen as a fnckon gusater
Paall to zHial conue rtch
Cablu TV slqnal cletibution
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Desertpfon Output Telbho netwosk
LC Number
16 to I mu înyerted nbut Shasing printe frespwns
74150
z4151
tol mw Y
Canbbmentay
Tnverted fnput
outhut Procedwe i
7416 2 Somu as în put Make the
74153
Scm asinput connectian shownn
74157 Connet Pn No 2 to GNO
7415O Quod 2 tolmur Lnverted input Connct NoIy to Vcc.

Result

Teuth tohlu of dheodn K multplren

" Al onn echon shodd he to ciruil diagun

|sl eonechen should be lght ipht
dhould be tak en

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