Answers
AB 00
00!1x
o11
Y= + ABO + ABD + ABD
Demux
De mux:
Demultiplexer is a combi national circuit.
1 inpus
&. I+ has h outputs and 1
relahon beween oudput and
S: The
Select Lines îs m=n: and m is no.oF
Where n is n0, oF olp
decode ngn2 produe
Disadvantageg:
8. +is more
AppliccdionS:
CoTrfuation syshem
3. computer remory
3 Telepnore retnork
G.hift regitter.
3Ccc BD paraliel adder:
9A rgle fA ferforms the addiion nly
Carry but în prachce ve necd o add
nos ihch are nuc Lager in
áze 1e ubt3-bit .l6 bt Long To add
n6t tirar ro3 we will negd n-parde
adder.
The ful! ad der conneted in cascade
The CalTY op of prewiousful adder
(¡nneded to cary p of fer* fulladoe
classmste
Ao Bo
Ant Bn A B
co A Co A
Ten
S1 So
Sn
Norking:
(OAs houwn: în the Figure, irs ty the fA
EA, adds A and Bi along with the
Ci) to gener aBe the sum (S1) and
Carry
the Carry 2) which is cnneted to
the next ad der in chn.
Q Next the FA2 Usestis carTY. bit,-Ca to
add with the nput bt Az cnd a, to
gorerote the gumSa) and the carry C3
uheoh is again connetedto the next adoer
In choyn and so n,
(3) The process cominues tfll the last ful adder
EAn usey the carny bit Cn) to add wYth
i5 nput bit An and Bn to generate aum(n
4-Btt Pull Adder:
-Ag-B9 42-B4 Ao Bo
EA Co PA
cin
S
classat
Date
Pana
deneralized. Dicgram:
Cin
* Let the two 4-bit word that are to be
added be A 4B where A s A3A2A,Ao
and B is B Ba BBo
Ao and Be represents the Ls hence PAO)
s the Lowest stage .Hence îts Cin has been
c¡n nected permeuhty to Rero. The reyt
OF COnne cions are exchty same as done
în the n-bit parallel adder.
Truth Table:
S So
ooloooo ooooloó
oooo
1
1
4 1
ojoo
o 1
6 1
O1 11
1 O 1
1
ooH
1
(3 1
1 1 1
LS1 1
k-Map.
o
ol
1
l11
carg
cirtdaqrami
Adder 1
Adder a
Pags
> (AB,C. D)= m( o, 1, 2,7,9, l , l4, is)
o--ooo Si So
oooo oA C
-oo-o-
Ya
ooooO
1
1
1
o---
1
Do Di Da Da Dy Dr D6 D7
4 OO4)
A 1 A 1
pVce
D
D2
Du
D5
8:1
Mux
D
So
O ray códe:
It isa modi Pied bfnary cocde în which a
deimal number is repre sented in b>nary
form în such a way that each ray- cod
number ditFeu from the preceding and
the succeeding by asingle bit.
The Gray code fs a non-weighted Code ie
there are mo specific weighs assigned to
the bit.poitions. tis also known as
re Plected Code.
g2) g3) g4) g5)
gray
1 1 Í binary
b0) be) b() b(u) B()
6’ Excess 3 to BCD C¡n verter:
ExcoSs 3 f a ron waghted cie usog,
express decirnal nurnber.
I4 ft derivcd from 2421 2CD Code by
ddding (3)o or (oo)3 to each ord
BCD Excess 2
Dedmal
O000
1000
6
lo00
9. .lool
Excess BCD
E3 ta EEo Be Ba B Bp
3 O oooo
50
tlassMat.
Paye
AEXceSS-3 begins at 3 and extends upto 1R,
bence ts state o to 2 ond 13 to Ir will be
dom'+ ca re.
# wrte the F-map and orite Smplitied eqn,
XX
ol Bg= E3Ea + E3E Eo
X
pot oll
xx
1 Bas E2t +Eati Eo+ te
x
O0 X |X xx
ol Bi: Eot Ei to
X
1 1
Bo Eo
1|| X
1
tlassnate
Dote
Poce
Bo
D» Lsubtractór:
The Full subtractor aa Combinationa) cirait
which is used to perFotm subtraction of 3-bis
TH has three inputs, A .B and Bin and 2 o/p
D(dIfFerence) and 8(8orrow)
ABB?h D B
oOolo
1 1
11
1
1 1
11
11 I 1. 1.|
cassate
Duts
BBin 00) ol
1 De ABBin + Bin
1 1 + ABBin t ABBin
BBin oo ol ol
A B= 4Bin + &Bin
1 + AB
A o Bin
Borro)
( a-bÉt comparaBor:
Block. Dagram
A
omparaor >A=B
>AB
00 o j1 o
AA
ol 11
+ AAe.
A=8: Ä, B( ALB. +A.B.) + A8,(A. Bet Ap 8)
=(A1B t 4,81) ( AB. + Ae B.)
(AO B) (As e B.)
A,
elassate
Dete
Puck
9 Don't care comditon.:
Sometimes _a sityatin arises in ohic.
Some ilp variable combinaions are mot allou
For ex. here are 6 invalid StaBes in "BCO
IOl0, l0|, |l00, |01, |10,
&ince these unallowed staBes wtll never
Ocur in for that parHcular appli cahiom,they
can be treated as don't care condition.
The'dont care terms can be used to our
acv àntage on the k-map to further implify
the Boolean expresion
e For each don't care term an'x' is pla ced
in the cell.
F(aiB,c.D)=m(4.5,6,7, 9, 12) +d(t4,3,9,",)
00
AB X X X
o1 1
X
1o| 1 X- x
+ AD
(0) BCD 40 7- seqment Decoder :
Inpu
B Output
Lines Lines
D
I+ is a crauit used to convert input BCD
into a form suitable for the display
It has four in put Lines (A B.C.D) and 7
output Lines (a. b.c,die,fig).
There are two types pF 7-seg ment decoder.
@Common' cathode type:
6) Common anode types :
positive
* Tn commn cathode al| the cathod es Of
7-LED are connected together to form
Conmom terminal
lasate
Dels
Puge
It shoud be connected to groUnd durirg
operatiom.to aluminaBe any LED Ot the
dsplay we need to supply Logic 1 to it
Corresponding Pnput terminals.
* In common anddes all the anodey
7- LEDS re con nected together to Fom
Common anode terminaJ which fs
Connected to Vcc during operatiom. For
LED to glow that partiaular cegment
conn ectecd to ground (Logc o).
7- segment dsplay: gb
Truth Tabl
Decimal I<p Lines output Lnes Diplay
digYt B B2 Bi Boa b Cd eP Pattern.
Oo
o13o
3
4
||OoloO
O-ol
K-map for à: k-map for b:
BLBo
BBa 1 1 1
9o 1
o| 1 1 1
Q= B+ B,8o +Ba b= B + BBo + B,Bo
K-map for K-map for de
BB
B3 Bg& 1 11
1 1
C= B1 + Bo+ Ba = 8g + BBo + B, B)
+ Ba Bo t BB, Bo
k-nap for e: K-map for f:
Bo BB
1
X 1 o 1 X
|X X
e= B,Bo + Ba Bo f= Bg + B, Bo + B2ß
kmap forg:
1
1 B¡ + Ba B+B.E
)xx Xx + BBa
lol|1 1 X
82 B Bo
