ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS FOR REVISION

CLASS XII : MATHEMATICS

TOPICS: VECTOR ALGEBRA AND THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

PREPARED BY
M SRINIVASAN, PGT(MATHS), KVS
1. The direction cosines of the vector 𝑩𝑨, where coordinates of A and B are
(𝟏 , 𝟐, −𝟏) and 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟎 respectively are
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
a) −𝟐, −𝟐, −𝟏 b) − , − , − c) 𝟐, 𝟐, 𝟏 d) , ,
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
Given coordinates of A and B as A(𝟏 , 𝟐, −𝟏) and B 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟎
෡ 𝑶𝑩 = 𝟑𝒊Ƹ + 𝟒𝒋Ƹ + 𝟎𝒌
𝑶𝑨 = 𝒊Ƹ + 𝟐𝒋Ƹ − 𝒌 ෡
෡ − 𝟑𝒊Ƹ + 𝟒𝒋Ƹ + 𝟎𝒌
𝑩𝑨 = 𝑶𝑨 − 𝑶𝑩 = 𝒊Ƹ + 𝟐𝒋Ƹ − 𝒌 ෡
෡
𝑩𝑨 = −𝟐𝒊Ƹ − 𝟐𝒋Ƹ − 𝒌 𝑩𝑨 = 𝟒 + 𝟒 + 𝟏 = 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
The direction cosines are − ,− ,− = − ,− ,−
𝑩𝑨 𝑩𝑨 𝑩𝑨 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
b) − , − , −
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
 ෡ and 2𝒊Ƹ − 𝟒𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌
2. The value of  for which the vectors 3𝒊Ƹ − 𝟔𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌 ෡ are
parallel is
𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟐
a) b) c) d)
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟓
෡ and 𝒃 = 2𝒊Ƹ − 𝟒𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌
Given 𝒂 = 3𝒊Ƹ − 𝟔𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌 ෡
𝒂 and 𝒃 are parallel if 𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝟎
𝒊Ƹ ෡
𝒋Ƹ 𝒌
𝟑 −𝟔 𝟏 = 𝟎𝒊Ƹ + 𝟎 𝒋Ƹ + 𝟎𝒌෡
𝟐 −𝟒 𝝀

−𝟔 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 ෡ 𝟑 −𝟔 ෡
𝒊Ƹ × − 𝒋Ƹ × +𝒌× = 𝟎𝒊Ƹ + 𝟎𝒋Ƹ + 𝟎𝒌
−𝟒 𝝀 𝟐 𝝀 𝟐 −𝟒
 −𝟔 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 ෡ 𝟑 −𝟔 ෡
𝒊Ƹ × − 𝒋Ƹ × +𝒌× = 𝟎𝒊Ƹ + 𝟎𝒋Ƹ + 𝟎𝒌
−𝟒 𝝀 𝟐 𝝀 𝟐 −𝟒
෡ × −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎𝒊Ƹ + 𝟎𝒋Ƹ + 𝟎𝒌
𝒊Ƹ × −𝟔𝝀 + 𝟒 − 𝒋Ƹ × 𝟑𝝀 − 𝟐 + 𝒌 ෡

−𝟔𝝀 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 𝟑𝝀 − 𝟐 = 𝟎

𝟐
𝝀=
𝟑
𝟐
a)
𝟑
3. If 𝒂 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝒃 = 𝟐 and 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟐, find 𝒂 × 𝒃 is
a) 5 b) 10 c) 14 d)16

𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟐 ⟹ 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟑 𝟗 𝟒
𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 = 𝟏𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 𝟏− =
𝟐𝟓 𝟓
𝟓

ෝ ⟹ 𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝒂 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝒂 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒏
𝟒
𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟐 ×
𝟓
d) 𝟏𝟔
4. If a line makes angles 𝜶, 𝜷, 𝜸 with the coordinate axes then
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜶 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜷 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜸 is equal to
a) −𝟐 b) −𝟏 c) 1 d) 2
Line makes angles 𝜶, 𝜷, 𝜸 with the coordinate axes
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜶 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜷 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜸 = 𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜶 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜷 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜸 =
= 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜶 − 𝟏 + 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜷 − 𝟏 + 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜸 − 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
= 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜸 − 𝟑
=𝟐 𝟏 −𝟑
b) −𝟏
5. P is a point on the line segment joining the points 𝟑, 𝟐, −𝟏 and 𝟔, 𝟐, −𝟐 . If
𝒙 − coordinate of P is 5, then the 𝒚 −coordinate is
a) 2 b) 1 c) −𝟏 d) −𝟐
Let P divides the line segment joining the points 𝟑, 𝟐, −𝟏 and
 1
𝟔, 𝟐, −𝟐 in the ratio 𝒌 ∶ 𝟏 • • •
𝟑, 𝟐, −𝟏 𝑷 𝟔, 𝟐, −𝟐
𝟔𝒌+𝟑 𝟐𝒌+𝟐 −𝟐𝒌−𝟏
Coordinates of P are , ,
𝒌+𝟏 𝒌+𝟏 𝒌+𝟏
𝟔𝒌 + 𝟑
𝒙 − coordinate of P is 5 ⟹
𝒌+𝟏
= 𝟓 ⟹ 𝟔𝒌 + 𝟑 = 𝟓𝒌 + 𝟓

𝟐 𝟐 +𝟐
𝒌=𝟐 𝒚 − coordinate of P= =𝟐
𝟐+𝟏
a) 𝟐
 𝝅
6. Assertion : If 𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝟏 and 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 = 𝟑, the angle between 𝒂 and 𝒃 is
𝟔

Reason : 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 = 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 and 𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝒂 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽

Assertion 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 = 𝟑 ⟹ 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 = 𝟑
𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝟏 ⟹ 𝒂 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 𝟏

𝒂×𝒃 𝒂 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝟏
= =
𝒂∙𝒃 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝟑
𝟏 𝝅 𝝅
⟹ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 = 𝜽= Angle between 𝒂 and 𝒃 is
𝟑 𝟔 𝟔

Assertion is True
Reason

𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 = 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 and 𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝒂 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽

Reason is True and is used to prove the Assertion

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A
7. Assertion : A line through the points A(4, 7, 8) and B(2, 3, 4) is parallel to a line
through the points P(-1, -2, 1) and Q(1, 2, 5)
Reason : Lines 𝒓 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝝀𝒃𝟏 and 𝒓 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝝀𝒃𝟐 are parallel if 𝒃𝟏 ∙ 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟎

Assertion
Direction Ratios of line through = 𝟐 − 𝟒 ∶ 𝟑 − 𝟕: 𝟒 − 𝟖
the points A(4, 7, 8) and B(2, 3, 4) = −𝟐 ∶ −𝟒: −𝟒
Direction Ratios of line through = 𝟏 − (−𝟏) ∶ 𝟐 − (−𝟐): 𝟓 −1
the points P(-1,-2,1) and B(1, 2, 5) = 𝟐 ∶ 𝟒 ∶ 𝟒

The direction ratios of proportional

The line through AB is parallel to line through PQ
Assertion is True
Reason Lines 𝒓 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝝀𝒃𝟏 and 𝒓 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝝀𝒃𝟐 are parallel if 𝒃𝟏 ∙ 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟎

Two Lines 𝒓 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝝀𝒃𝟏 and 𝒓 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝝀𝒃𝟐 are

parallel only if 𝒃𝟏 × 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟎

Reaon is False

c) A is true but R is false

 ෡ and 𝒃 = 𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝟔𝒋Ƹ + 𝟑𝒌
8. Find ‘’ if projection of 𝒂 = 𝝀𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ + 𝟒𝒌 ෡ is 4 units

෡ and 𝒃 = 𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝟔𝒋Ƹ + 𝟑𝒌

Projection of 𝒂 = 𝝀𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ + 𝟒𝒌 ෡=4
𝒂∙𝒃
⟹ =𝟒
𝒃
𝟐𝝀 + 𝟔 + 𝟏𝟐
⟹ =𝟒
𝟒 + 𝟑𝟔 + 𝟗
𝟐𝝀 + 𝟏𝟖
⟹ = 𝟒 ⟹ 𝟐𝝀 + 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟐𝟖
𝟕
⟹ 𝟐𝝀 = 𝟏𝟎 𝜆=5
 ෡ are mutually perpendicular. Find
9. The vectors 𝒂 = 𝟑𝒊Ƹ + 𝒙𝒋Ƹ and 𝒃 = 𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ + 𝒚𝒌

the value of y, if 𝒂 = 𝒃
The vectors 𝒂 = 𝟑𝒊Ƹ + 𝒙𝒋Ƹ + 𝟎𝒌 ෡ and 𝒃 = 𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ + 𝒚𝒌
෡ are
mutually perpendicular if 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 = 𝟎
𝟐(𝟑) + 𝒙 𝟏 + 𝟎 𝒚 = 𝟎
𝟔 + 𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒙 = −𝟔
෡
𝒂 = 𝟑𝒊Ƹ − 𝟔𝒋Ƹ + 𝟎𝒌 ෡
𝒃 = 𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ + 𝒚𝒌

𝒂 = 𝟗 + 𝟑𝟔 + 𝟎 𝒃 = 𝟒+𝟏+ 𝒚𝟐
 𝒂 = 𝟒𝟓 𝒃 = 𝟓 + 𝒚𝟐

Given 𝒂 = 𝒃
𝟒𝟓 = 𝟓 + 𝒚𝟐
𝟐
𝟒𝟓 = 𝟓 + 𝒚
𝟐
𝒚 = 𝟓𝟎

𝒚 = ±𝟐 𝟏𝟎
10. Find the area of the parallelogram whose one of the sides is
෡ and diagonal is 4𝒊Ƹ + 𝟓𝒌
𝒊Ƹ − 𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌 ෡
෡ (one side of parallelogram)
Let 𝒂 = 𝒊Ƹ − 𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌
Let 𝒃 =Adjacent side of parallelogram
෡ Diagonal of parallelogram
Let 𝒅 = 4𝒊Ƹ + 𝟎𝒋Ƹ + 𝟓𝒌
By addition law, 𝒅 = 𝒂 + 𝒃
෡ = 𝒊Ƹ − 𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌
4𝒊Ƹ + 𝟎𝒋Ƹ + 𝟓𝒌 ෡ +𝒃
෡ − 𝒊Ƹ − 𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌
𝒃 = 4𝒊Ƹ + 𝟎𝒋Ƹ + 𝟓𝒌 ෡
෡
𝒃 = 3𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ + 𝟒𝒌
 ෡
𝒂 = 𝒊Ƹ − 𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌 ෡
𝒃 = 3𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ + 𝟒𝒌
Area of Parallelogram = 𝒂 × 𝒃
𝒊Ƹ 𝒋Ƹ ෡
𝒌
𝒂 × 𝒃= 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 ෡ 𝟏 −𝟏
−𝟏 𝟏 = 𝒊Ƹ − 𝒋Ƹ +𝒌
𝟏 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟏
𝟑 𝟏 𝟒
෡ 𝟏+𝟑
= 𝒊Ƹ −𝟒 − 𝟏 − 𝒋Ƹ 𝟒 − 𝟑 + 𝒌
෡
= −𝟓𝒊Ƹ − 𝒋Ƹ + 𝟒𝒌
𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟒𝟐

Area of Parallelogram = 𝟒𝟐 square units

11. Find the direction ratios and direction cosines of the line whose equation is
𝟔𝒙 – 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟗 = 𝟐𝒛 – 𝟐
The given line is 𝟔𝒙 – 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟗 = 𝟐𝒛 – 𝟐
𝒙 −𝟔 𝒚+𝟐 𝒛−𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
⟹
𝟏/𝟔
=
𝟏/𝟑
=
𝟏/𝟐
The direction ratios are : ∶ ∶
𝟔 𝟑 𝟐
The direction ratios of the given lines are : 𝟏 ∶ 𝟐 ∶ 𝟑
The direction cosines of the given lines are :
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
, ,
𝟏+𝟒+𝟗 𝟏+𝟒+𝟗 𝟏+𝟒+𝟗
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
, ,
𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟒
 𝒙−𝟏 𝒚 −𝟐 𝒛 −𝟑
12. Find the point of intersection of the lines = = and
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
𝒙 −𝟒 𝒚 −𝟏
= = 𝒛.
𝟓 𝟐

𝒙−𝟏 𝒚 −𝟐 𝒛 −𝟑
The coordinate of any general point on the line 𝟐
=
𝟑
=
𝟒
= 𝝀 is
𝟐𝝀 + 𝟏 , 𝟑𝝀 + 𝟐 , 𝟒𝝀 + 𝟑
𝒙 −𝟒 𝒚 −𝟏
The coordinate of any general point on the line 𝟓 = = 𝒛 = 𝝁 is
𝟐
𝟓𝝁 + 𝟒 , 𝟐𝝁 + 𝟏 , 𝝁 − 𝟎

Let these general points be the point of intersection

𝟐𝝀 + 𝟏 , 𝟑𝝀 + 𝟐 , 𝟒𝝀 + 𝟑 = 𝟓𝝁 + 𝟒 , 𝟐𝝁 + 𝟏 , 𝝁 − 𝟎
 𝟐𝝀 + 𝟏 , 𝟑𝝀 + 𝟐 , 𝟒𝝀 + 𝟑 = 𝟓𝝁 + 𝟒 , 𝟐𝝁 + 𝟏 , 𝝁 − 𝟎
𝟐𝝀 + 𝟏 = 𝟓𝝁 + 𝟒 𝟑𝝀 + 𝟐 = 𝟐𝝁 + 𝟏 𝟒𝝀 + 𝟑 = 𝝁
𝟐𝝀 − 𝟓𝝁 = 𝟑 𝟑𝝀 − 𝟐𝝁 = −𝟏 𝟒𝝀 − 𝝁 = −𝟑
⟹ 𝟒𝝀 − 𝟏𝟎𝝁 = 𝟔 𝟑𝝀 − 𝟐 −𝟏 = −𝟏
𝟒𝝀 − 𝝁 = −𝟑
𝟑𝝀 + 𝟐 = −𝟏
−𝟗𝝁 = 𝟗 𝟑𝝀= −𝟑
𝝁 = −𝟏 𝝀= −𝟏
The point of intersection is 𝟐 −𝟏 + 𝟏 , 𝟑 −𝟏 + 𝟐 , 𝟒 −𝟏 + 𝟑
−𝟏 , −𝟏 , −𝟏
13. Find the vector equation of the line which is perpendicular to the lines with equations
𝒙+𝟐 𝒚−𝟑 𝒛+𝟑 𝒙−𝟏 𝒚+𝟏 𝒛 −𝟑
= = and = = and passes through the point (1, 1, 1). Also find
𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
the angle between the given lines

𝒙+𝟐 𝒚−𝟑 𝒛+𝟑 𝒙−𝟏 𝒚+𝟏 𝒛 −𝟑

The given line are = = and = =
𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒

The direction ratios of given lines are 1: 2: 4 and 2 : 3 : 4

Let the equation of the required line through (1 , 1 , 1) is

𝒙 −𝟏 𝒚 −𝟏 𝒛 −𝟏
= = whose direction ratios are a : b : c
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
 𝒙 −𝟏 𝒚 −𝟏 𝒛 −𝟏
The line = = is perpendicular to
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
𝒙+𝟐 𝒚−𝟑 𝒛+𝟑 𝒙−𝟏 𝒚+𝟏 𝒛 −𝟑
= = and = =
𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃 + 𝟒𝒄 = 𝟎
𝟐𝒂 + 𝟑𝒃 + 𝟒𝒄 = 𝟎
a b c
2 4 1 2
3 4 2 3
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
= =
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
𝟑 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
= =
𝟐 𝟒 𝟏
𝟒 𝟏 𝟐
𝟑 𝟒 𝟐
𝟒 𝟐 𝟑
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
= =
𝟖 − 𝟏𝟐 𝟖 − 𝟒 𝟑 − 𝟒
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
= =
−𝟒 𝟒 −𝟏
The direction ratios are -4 : 4 : -1
𝒙 −𝟏 𝒚 −𝟏 𝒛 −𝟏
The equation of the required line through (1 , 1 , 1) and direction ratios -4 : 4 : -1 is = =
−𝟒 𝟒 −𝟏

The equation of the required line in vector form is

෡ + 𝝀 −𝟒𝒊Ƹ + 𝟒 𝒋Ƹ − 𝒌
𝒓 = 𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌 ෡
 𝒙+𝟐 𝒚−𝟑 𝒛+𝟑
Let 𝜽 be angle between the given lines = =
𝟏 𝟐 𝟒
𝒙−𝟏 𝒚+𝟏 𝒛 −𝟑
and = =
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
The direction ratios of given lines are 1: 2: 4 and 2 : 3 : 4
𝟏 𝟐 + 𝟐 𝟑 + 𝟒 𝟒
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 =
𝟏 𝟐+ 𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟒 𝟐 × 𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟑 𝟐 + 𝟒 𝟐

𝟐𝟒
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 =
𝟐𝟏 × 𝟐𝟗
𝟐𝟒
𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏
𝟔𝟎𝟗
 𝒙 𝒚 −𝟏 𝒛 −𝟐
14. Find the image of the point (1, 6, 3) in the line = = . Also write the
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
equation of the line joining the given point and the image and find the length of the line
segment joining the given point and the image

Let 𝑸(𝜶, 𝜷, 𝜸) be the image of the given point 𝑷 𝟏, 𝟔, 𝟑 in the line

𝒙 𝒚 −𝟏 𝒛 −𝟐
= = • 𝑷 𝟏, 𝟔, 𝟑
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
Let M be the mid-point of PQ
The coordinate of any general point on the line •M
𝒙 𝒚 −𝟏 𝒛 −𝟐
𝒙 𝒚 −𝟏 𝒛 −𝟐 = =
𝟏
=
𝟐
=
𝟑
= 𝝀 is 𝝀 − 𝟎 , 𝟐𝝀 + 𝟏 , 𝟑𝝀 + 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑

•
𝑸(𝜶, 𝜷, 𝜸)
Let coordinates of M be M 𝝀 , 𝟐𝝀 + 𝟏 , 𝟑𝝀 + 𝟐
PM is perpendicular to the line
𝒙
=
𝒚 −𝟏
=
𝒛 −𝟐 • 𝑷 𝟏, 𝟔, 𝟑
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
Direction ratios of PM: 𝛌 − 𝟏 ∶ 𝟐𝝀 + 𝟏 − 𝟔 ∶ 𝟑𝝀 + 𝟐 − 𝟑
M 𝝀 , 𝟐𝝀 + 𝟏 , 𝟑𝝀 + 𝟐
•
Direction ratios of PM: 𝛌 − 𝟏 ∶ 𝟐𝝀 − 𝟓 ∶ 𝟑𝝀 − 𝟏 𝒙
=
𝒚 −𝟏 𝒛 −𝟐
=
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
Direction ratios of the line 𝟏 ∶ 𝟐 ∶ 𝟑 •
𝑸(𝜶, 𝜷, 𝜸)
⟹ 𝟏 𝛌 − 𝟏 + 𝟐 𝟐𝝀 − 𝟓 + 𝟑 𝟑𝝀 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
⟹ 𝝀 + 𝟒𝝀 + 𝟗𝝀 − 𝟏 − 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟑 = 𝟎
⟹ 𝟏𝟒𝝀 − 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟎 ⟹𝝀=𝟏
The coordinates of M 𝝀 , 𝟐𝝀 + 𝟏 , 𝟑𝝀 + 𝟐
=M 𝟏, 𝟐 𝟏 +𝟏, 𝟑 𝟏 +𝟐
=M 𝟏 ,𝟑 ,𝟓
The coordinates of the mid-point of PQ by • 𝑷 𝟏, 𝟔, 𝟑
mid-point formula is
M 𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟓
M
𝜶+𝟏 𝜷+𝟔 𝜸+𝟑
, , •
𝒙 𝒚 −𝟏 𝒛 −𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 = =
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝜶+𝟏 𝜷+𝟔 𝜸+𝟑 •
, , = 𝟏 ,𝟑 ,𝟓 𝑸(𝜶, 𝜷, 𝜸)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝜶+𝟏 𝜷+𝟔 𝜸+𝟑
⟹ =𝟏 ; =𝟑 ; =𝟓
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝜶=𝟏; 𝜷=𝟎; 𝜸=𝟕
The coordinate of the image is 𝑸(𝟏, 𝟎, 𝟕)
 • 𝑷 𝟏, 𝟔, 𝟑
The distance between the point
M 𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟓
P(1 , 6, 3) and Q(1 , 0, 7) is •
𝒙 𝒚 −𝟏 𝒛 −𝟐
= =
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑

•
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝑸(𝟏, 𝟎, 𝟕)
PQ = 𝟏−𝟏 + 𝟔−𝟎 + 𝟑−𝟕
PQ = 𝟎 + 𝟑𝟔 + 𝟏𝟔
PQ = 𝟓𝟐
PQ = 𝟐 𝟏𝟑
15. The Equation of motion of a missile are 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒕, 𝒚 = −𝟒𝒕, 𝒛 = 𝒕, where
the time ‘t is given in seconds and the distance is measured in
kilometers
a)Write the path of the missile
The Equation of motion of a missile are 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒕, 𝒚 = −𝟒𝒕, 𝒛 = 𝒕
𝒙 𝒚 𝒛
⟹ = = =𝒕
𝟑 −𝟒 𝟏
The path of the missile is a straight line given by
𝒙 𝒚 𝒛
= =
𝟑 −𝟒 𝟏
b) Find the distance of the missile from the starting point
(𝟎, 𝟎, 𝟎) in 5 seconds
The Equation of motion of a missile are 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒕, 𝒚 = −𝟒𝒕, 𝒛 = 𝒕
After t = 5
𝒙 = 𝟑 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒚 = −𝟒 𝟓 = −𝟐𝟎 𝒛=𝟓
The missile at the point 𝟏𝟓, −𝟐𝟎, 𝟓 after 5 seconds
Distance from (0, 0, 0) = 𝟏𝟓 − 𝟎 𝟐 + −𝟐𝟎 − 𝟎 𝟐 + 𝟓−𝟎 𝟐

= 𝟐𝟐𝟓 + 𝟒𝟎𝟎 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟔𝟓𝟎

After 5 seconds the missile is at a distance of
𝟔𝟓𝟎 km from (0, 0, 0)
c) If the position of the missile is at a certain instant of time is (𝟓, −𝟖, 𝟏𝟎).
Find the height of the missile from the ground
(Ground considered as 𝒙𝒚 – plane)
The position of the missile is at a time is (𝟓, −𝟖, 𝟏𝟎)
The height of the missile from the ground (𝒙𝒚 – plane)
= Distance between (𝟓, −𝟖, 𝟏𝟎) and (𝟓, −𝟖, 𝟎)
= 𝟓−𝟓 𝟐 + −𝟖 − (−𝟖) 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟎 𝟐

= 𝟏𝟎𝟎

The height of the missile from the ground = 10 km

 𝒙−𝟏 𝒚−𝟏 𝒛−𝟏
c) Find the value of ‘𝒌’ for which the lines = = and
𝟐 𝟑 𝒌
𝒙−𝟐 𝒚−𝟑 𝒛−𝟓
= = are perpendicular
−𝟐 −𝟏 𝟕
𝒙−𝟏 𝒚−𝟏 𝒛−𝟏 𝒙−𝟐 𝒚−𝟑 𝒛−𝟓
The lines = = and = = are perpendicular
𝟐 𝟑 𝒌 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟕

The direction ratios are 𝟐 ∶ 𝟑 ∶ 𝒌 and −𝟐 ∶ −𝟏 ∶ 𝟕

The lines are perpendicular ⟹ 𝟐 −𝟐 + 𝟑 −𝟏 + 𝒌 𝟕 = 𝟎
−𝟒 − 𝟑 + 𝟕𝒌 = 𝟎
−𝟕 + 𝟕𝒌 = 𝟎
𝒌=𝟏