Assertion-Reason Questions
In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given,
choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.
(b) Assertion reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for
assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason in wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
1. Assertion: The law of independent assortment can be studied through
dihybrid cross
Reason: Only those genes show independent assortment which are
linked
2. Assertion: There is expression of only one gene of the parental character
in a mendelian Monohybrid cross in F1 generation.
Reason: In a dissimilar pair of factors one member of the pair
dominates the other.
3. Assertion: In a monohybrid cross, only dominant characters exhibit
themselves in the F1 generation.
Reason: Dominant trait is expressed only in the heterozygous condition.
4. Assertion: ABO blood group system is a good example of pleiotropic
genes.
Reason: In ABO blood group system, when IA and IB alleles are
present together , both express themselves.
5. Assertion: In birds, females are heterogametic and males are
homogametic.
Reason: In birds, females have ZW sex chromosomes and males have
ZZ sex chromosomes.
6. Assertion: The maximum frequency of recombination that results from
crossing over of linked genes is 50 percent.
Reason: If distance between linked genes is longer, they show higher
frequency of crossing over.
7. Assertion: Down’s syndrome is caused due to absence of either X or Y
sex chromosome.
Reason: Such individuals show mental retardation and broad head with
characteristic feature.
8. Assertion: Sickle-cell anaemia is an autosome-linked recessive disorder.
Reason: It appears only in human male which can be transferred to
their grandson through carrier daughter.
9. Assertion: Haemophilia never occurs in women
Reason: Gene for haemophilia is located on X-chromosome.
10. Assertion: The genetic complement of an organism is called genotype
Reason: Genotype is the type of hereditary properties of an organism.
11. Assertion: All genetic disorders, Mendelian or chromosomal, are
transmitted from one generation to the other.
Reason: Genes are located on the chromosomes.
12. Assertion: In human s the genotype with all the dominant alleles
(AABBCC) will have the darkset skin colour.
Reason: In a polygenic trait, phenotype reflects the contribution of
each allele.
13. Assertion: Birds like pigeon have heterogametic females whereas the
males are homogametic
Reason: In pigcons , females have Z and W sex chromosomes
whereas males have ZZ sex cyhromosomes.
14. Assertion: In Thalassemia an abnormal myoglobin chain is syntheized
due to a gene defect.
Reason: Α Thalassemia is controlled by genes HBAI and HBA2
On chromosome 16.
15. Assertion: When the two genes in a dihybrid cross are situated on the
same chromosome, the proportion of parental gene
combinations is much higher than non-parental type
Reason: Higher parental gene combinations can be attributed to
crossing over between two genes.
16. Assertion: Substitution of Glutamine by Valine at the sixth position of the
Beta globin chain of haemoglobin leads to sickle-cell anaemia
in humans.
Reason: Deletions and insertions of base pairs in DNA cause frame-
shift mutations.
Passage – based / Case – based / Source – based Questions
Read the given passages and answer the questions that follow.
PASSAGE-1
Study the figures given below and answer the questions that follow.
(i) In a dihybrid cross, when would the proportion of parental gene combinations
be much higher than non-parental types, as experimentally shown by Morgan
and his group?
(ii) If two genes are located far apart from each other on a chromosome, how the
frequency of recombination will get affected?
OR
How distance between the genes is related to the frequency of
recombination?
(iii) What are ‘true breeding lines’ that are used to study inheritance pattern of traits
in plants?
PASSAGE-2
The chromosome number is fixed for all normal organisms leading to
species specification whereas any abnormality in the chromosome number of
an organism results into abnormal individuals For example, in humane 46 is
the fixed number of chromosomes both in male and female in female it is ’
44 + XY’ and in female it is ’44 +XX’ . Thus the human male is heterogametic,
in other words produces two different types of gametes one with ‘22+ X’
chromosomes and the other with ‘22+ Y’ chromosomes respectively. Human
female, on the other hand is homogametic i.e., produces only one type of
gamete with ’22 + X’ chromosomes only
Sometimes an error may occur during meiosis of cell cycle, where the sister
chromatids fail to segregate called nondisjunction, leading to the production of
abnormal gametes with altered chromosome number On fertilisation such
gametes develop into abnormal individuals
(i) State what is aneuploidy
(ii) If during spermatogenesis, the chromatide of sex chromosomes fail to
segregate during meiosis, write only the different types of gametes with altered
chromosomes number that could possibly be produced.
(iii) A normal human sperm (22+ Y) fertilises an ovum with karyotype ‘22+ XX’.
Name the disorder the offspring thus produced would suffer form and write any
two symptoms of the disorder
OR
Name a best known and must common autosomal aneuploid abnormality in
human and write any two symptoms.
PASSAGE-3
A relevant portion of B-chain of haemoglobin of a normal human is given
below:
The codon for the sixth amino acid is GAG. The sixth codon GAG mutates to
GAA as a result of mutation ‘A’ and into GUG as a result of mutation ‘B’
Haemoglobin structure did not change as a result of mutation ‘A’ whereas
haemoglobin structure changed because of mutation ‘B’ leading to sickle
shaped RBCs.
(i) Explain giving reasons how could mutation ‘B’ change the haemoglobin
structure and not mutation ‘A’
(ii) Write the genotype of (a) an individual who is carrier of sickle cell anaemia
gene but apparently unaffected.
OR
Write the genotype of (b) an individual affected with this disease.
(iii) Which mutation is responsible for causing this disease.
PASSAGE-4
Sex-Determination in Honey Bees
In case of honey bee, the male is haploid while the female is diploid. Similar
conditions are found in some other insects like ants and wasps. Male insects
are haploid because they develop parthenogenetically from unfertilised eggs.
The phenomenon is called arrhenotoky. Meiosis does not occur in the
formation of sperms. Females grow from fertilized egg and are hence diploid.
Queen bee picks up all the sperms from drone during nuptial flight and stores
them in seminal receptacle When the queen visits drone cells it lays eggs but
seminal receptacles fails to emit the sperms. The male honey bee develops.
parthenogenetically from these unfertilised eggs. However in all other cells, i.e.,
cells workers, the female lays eggs and sperms are emitted properly from its
seminal receptacle, upon these eggs leading to their fertilization. Hence
except drones other honey bees (worker and queen) are diploid
(i) The diploid number of chromosomes for honey bee is 32. How many
chromosomes will be present in the cells of drone?
(ii) What type of cell division is involved in spermatogenesis in honey bee?
OR
What type of cell division is involved in oogenesis in honey bee?
(iii) What factors are responsible for the fertilised eggs to develop into queen or
workers?
