Photosynthesis
Definition
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria
convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon
dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O). Oxygen (O₂) is released as a by-product.
Equation
Word Equation:
Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
Chemical Equation:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Key Components
Chlorophyll:
A green pigment in chloroplasts that captures sunlight.
Sunlight:
The source of energy.
Water (H₂O):
Absorbed from soil through roots.
Carbon dioxide (CO₂):
Taken from the atmosphere through stomata.
Stages of Photosynthesis
Light-Dependent Reactions:
Location: Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
Purpose: Convert light energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).
By-product: Oxygen is released.
Calvin Cycle (Light-Independent Reactions):
Location: Stroma of chloroplasts.
Purpose: Use ATP and NADPH to convert CO₂ into glucose.
Importance
Produces oxygen necessary for life.
Provides energy in the form of glucose, the basis of food chains.
Maintains the carbon-oxygen balance in the atmosphere.
Fun Fact
Did you know? Only 1% of the sunlight absorbed by plants is used for
photosynthesis, yet it's enough to sustain life on Earth!
