Bra : Gere Cts Ca 1 arsed , . tati m (Gametogenesis : structure and. differentiation 0 gametes) qeensrr (Gametogenesis) wa faite & Pe oeiggh Siran-frera_aruig-mgoitre (meiosis) AMI TH Fah aiftreroit Ht area (chromosorines) = aren areht Bi act & are, wereere FaRTAA (diploid or 2n) % weRaEta (haploid or n) a sid 21 oviggh reas stat (gonads) # safe safe aifirenait (germinal cells) ¥ ee wen aed # St Has sRrewT aA ese, gma seq iit (gametes) wea %, ara: ga PoE —fea BT PTAA (gametogenesis) wed SA Sega quell H aay aa qa Sr YR (sperm) Fea Z, ia: FIT A BERT Friern Ft ypESTA (spermatogenesis) wet F1 ght HR Ae Segeit Haws F Tre FAH sei avs] (ovum) & Frain A Pret sss (oogenesis) Ect 31 FAs aaifrnsit ar eiftes—waa (sexual reproduction) wat darivafe % fsa wat B, wife ‘fess (fertilization) Geen 3K wd wre gre een waa Be OH eT Rees qo (zygote) wart & cen aa era seta Frama aa ww Aa eg, Peet Sat ae we mer Saat a angie cia BA &, H ofa ar #1 I Se BHT Te TEL TH sree, otvETY] aT we acaar Hew eet a aE fra Ga 2, seg Soi A gros ot ore wee oH aE aft #, ara: EVES STS lt ATTA eM Hate HC ste Prat ora # 1, qm srart (Multiplication phase), \ 2. af sere (Growth phase), a2 | 3. uftueaa orate (Maturation phase) | . at aoa Qasr Tn seer wh suite TEEN | 3 ee QRS : Ysera] a Prato (Spermatogenesis : formation of sperm) TIS (spermatogenesis) frat a A ues sya : zat gprryy (spermatozoa) = eirerr sift firs ert ae RSE wei, ga a /QAR : TAH acrt wa faideaot aot A ACH (Structure of Testis) : qa & ga HE aaa ee HA aU (testes) BR & Frat Ges wT Fe (spermatogenesis) HfRaT gMI At | FIM (testes) FATA & afte sea Te Samet Tet Sie A eae GA Ach es wa Es a TAT (scrotal sacs or scrotum) weet 81 ter ar 2 fe gam sae a gafere aret feet Bt Oras ena reat ay es a TAT & fre seg Et FT lerpT Bs Gorse et EI oe ger & anaer 9 a an at & aed Faia (peritoneum) aa rea caprat deepen (tunica albuginea) | *éictfraa wer dichfire seme (coelomic epithelium) A vorht vd ath 81 tarpa wa es weT aetsht san At att ee ay gor onan AT qvelira te aleraae (seminiferous tubules) 4st Ser i for Teh £1 ae Gah Gas arerueht Hee (interstitial tissue) FETT a1 ta ateasit & dtacdta 3 Ree acct sae F ow sfrarait wen aera egal & safe Te fafare yarn Al arraeht-aifirend (interstitial tissue) faa aft #1 araach—-aifirernsti a alan A attra (Leydig cells) #1 wad 81 Aerated wea orate, waght (male hormones or androgens) 3a Zetia (testosterone) aife 1 AAT art 21 ae goo Ff ypRropSA wa Coa Bere Areail en aha eis ‘ait (secondary sexual characters) % free w@ Frama (development and maintenance) #1 44 ¥t ce a) ar Beer irri Fas ego wr rem Ra eee 2 wren Ries aaa, wafeaefier efests (ICSH or LH) at Frat 8 ‘Almost mature : Ist Meiotic spermatozoa division 2nd Meiotic division Sertoli cells ‘Spermatogonia faa 2.1: gam & ai a eI He aie taraftran (seminiferous tubule) % UH FER aT se (basement membrane) aa araem ten 2 fA TafraT sitaften (tunica propria) wet & 1 aren fie wRBeret alg wfize whieh. (germinal epithelium) +1 Uanrht SR a 81 sats, Saeren =A cere Tea SiRrarail Hr eaAehithen (spermatogonia) Het Sens we ufuaaa S$ wacaey ee eaizinifra (spermatogonia) @ wa: Tacha (spermatocytes), Rafe (spermatids) a Yarqpit (spermatozoa) 1 Aah eat a1 SaRE saReT Ht Ho sired ws aha st at &, fre ariett wierd (sertoli cells) wet 81 gary are fara A fafa oeenait & sea Teich siftreait Fa ced sve FS weraa: Tressel yea are #1 ta aferar (Seminiferous tubules) # Ysror =t fee oar Priam figs a & am five grr wha wire Keefer eras (SH) 3 gAT Fa STAT a Yer AH ArT (Structure of spermatozoon) : por ft Sea sae wel & fare yet we a arapltra eel Bl ae wel a AUST TH ugen, saa wafea So, avery F ypta-fare sen ser aar age sie (genes) #t Reenter awery F ogarr ye wel as fe ga aT aft weer Ser TET oraTTH 21 aera om sre gap hl eee ee ws ae, aie Us AIT FAT (mobile) TAT % aqEG, Reh 8 1 GATT (sperm) A Vrs weve vaaa gies (Leeuwen hock) 3 aT +r 7A oft TEI BRT (sperm) weg ot serfs ar Fer aA Fae (Van Bear) st VTeT Vt we wreth Gary 3 a-aa & : witt (head), wea—wm (middle part) wet yes wate wee (tail or flagellum) | , wrt Head) : gary & sit & afsig am 3 ae oer on 2 ot fH annem: swsren ait aed Barer ster 8 ae GEM h aR or seat Ree Shr Veret ea BI ara ae aT @ fH Yor & ehh aor seas after fees onset A fara Mar 21 (Pa 2.2) Bull a Omitoriy, Dog Nenus and Tackyglossus ‘ on ec Rat Guinea Fe2.2 Emi SP eaFR: ae it ag aM vie « ata a ari Fits ster et SOT Haze a die Hoe OTT me) (acrosol a aye She sees a awe et (ees menbrane) RET : (sperm FI (Egg-cytoplasm) & work wane eT Bt TE BEM Golgi Body) * # 4 srt # ee Tare Ht safe Ha BI or Pei ( Ba ae ee et eA (unt membrane) a AM ST I a ha RL (Fat 2,3 az sera Chaploid) FRE FT wr Ref few 2.3 epaten & Fara saree Sage H afta (genes) fea BA 81 For ae ae sate cent sr ger get BA afte 3 aoa Her H aT & Afar (contriole) fra ee #1 eA a Uw Satter yy aR “en aerate Fee Hoare eter B | we HT ar wettest (proximal centriole) aan cen FreFee arene & wire feerot ares set A we SHRI Ber 8 dem veh oh Gar H wes see A qa Azote sale, Tea KRater (distal centriole) Fam eran Baer AaB Tew Tai HTT ray STAT Te aR ees FT STER-FT (basal granule) =A @ | 2418 wea MT: HM HET AMT HATH see TF Aste Bs Ses AS ora yoy H wer TH fers SI Ber BL ee Batter Bory A es sree fee A ! (xia filament) a1 3e0H Bra 8, ae: He HAA TT pit at 2, We Bee Aste. wen a a sel ea 3 Te : aq Te cafes area a ce HER wert BE ot areher aq att ait om afer gree & ea A OT ee areata ea acs fre eu A cl Bek bodies) a1 Adve (nebenken) wee &, How H SETI dative fava (oxidative enzymes) wen aria piemiteer (oxi Farweras fer ata & Pras sreT | 2) aera aT aR atk B afr OH (manchette) wet #1 3782 eit Gea eT Nucleus. Head Middle piece oO. Distal centriole Ring centriole fara 2.4: AR BT YPM: A. Bera HereaHl & ate, B.A Fe eC. a gee ERapo : ge Seer we fete rt sai B wan} aaah Ft ring) safeara ee 81 wa “agen BeysTTeT” (fing, oan ae yeas at ah sear & 1 aereatt—aia AE 2 fra at 8 cen gee el ar nA a AE AL es: es arate, aah Baer a wae safe TAT any Ges wa B tem 8 1 Gord A ges HT asa TTS Ber BH seh sere B Aer aM TET 8 TT aT BET are sare wen TATE aa A tht Bt aT A salt ager a8 2 wept gam, sia-ger ft ada ad an ett saree a tat ere 2 | PROTA (Spermatogene pny ar repre sale, YR TAS wert Te (1 (germinal tubules) aie a (tan) aferenaHl (seminiferous Depa ioe Spermatogoniu EN SQ) — cay ek spe ea SS AN | BR) cecctey Haploid Brgy a5) spermatocyte Se | Spermatids 2.52 gaara & aenia ee ae ard—aeh—fereroa F gure an walt airensil a fae | ga wareafes org at etciitiren fea After eenferatatt #4 sitet fated ae & aToTETR g 1 Beran yore Beira @ 4 eer (bivalents) ToT aa E | wee TRS 4 wae wr an tet eH ota aaliee B ratte dag, seat rete ais A ara A en BEA (haploid) we aH 2 |a carom Pref IRATE H Beh er gener 6 a ‘saenet 6 srfarenre Faas So te Gea et & wen Uw ame a gah ot See 8, St afta & ee geraftem gr a aH ‘Safs—saeeT (germinal epithelium) ger tet Sr Ban ae &, oie: af wired (p ‘eee wifdraM (Sertoli cells) wet H 1 weet 3 STUER 8 aw fer ot after a Geet eet BL i SRNR & eae se fafa sar sient aor ee TAT 4a wa & cen sa hom rem we 8 RUSE seg onftins satis afrmatt & qe aa ST rh a : q 1. JOM BEET (Multiplication phase) : "a ¥H seen H ont safes sitter (primordial cells) # ATATET (mitosis) ge ame serait % frente att we 8, fare URI sree (spermatogonia) se @ | ercizintfrn fiat (diploid) at % we F 2. afe sree (Growth phase) : 4 Bo eterna se oven 3 Rr woh & fig te oe we El Sere wer se fea eer rst eh or B va aArerait ay sete aA reRE sre grates eratchenge (primary spermiatocytes) we €1 3 aAfterait H gfe Aa eh ° & fog ever aries ence # faites mera dr 8 wif area 8 sa See srlegh fore (meiosis) & sem se sala, Se (prophase) #1 eutt 31 3. URGE wTaReT (Maturation phase) : . Fe maeen # orate mtetenge # atieph Prams (meiosis) dm &, frail &t feursa Grant eh &, fre worsen daft Ararat F i ‘Fare a nem uftrae fears (first maturation divisi 1) EE Seth wets aaa © 8 af ot daft afte a) tem mah es fact ER ce 5 often wr: Foret ein &, fad few uitaaen Ramen (second maturation division) wet & fas wrerea seq Bite a aay (spermatids) Se ree ack OB se: a frre 3 ai fer BR loid) safes arctic & oa H ar eH (haploid) eae anh $y “a oer aitenall & fee aniegh fe arm fegh & F grows tr 8 wie oor AR 8 ed ore soy TS ered a gee Ta teehee ee i ahah are ce fon am ogee By oe Ware : Ysera drat (Spermiogenesis Differentiation of Spermatozoa) ; wary # aah ITeRt Her EF (haploid) ah (male gametes) # =ri-aaen 7 et 21 BS fhe a ees21 Golgi rest fora 2.6 : wali an pa] H poe reIPATTTT (1 15) faa ohadat & qa (spermatids) worst (spermatozoa) # fader aa %, 3 sat agg #8 1 ee Bien a dey wr Sas AS as (nuclear sap) & get 3 Proaiftra ont oe pear 2 vem eae rt a re Tee fee a aeTRA we erpr H orefReee Bh TNH | a TT TART BHT HHA | fey ara et B 1 Tel Ae, amen ait oad weed am B eA od #98 RNA ane | aw A gE ea a Sat DNA aig agate sia ae cect 81 ae ar orem sh seat oer wen ae Te eran & Beh Rg ena | crear Ue aaT Bt ST BL GT aE a aT at Fe hs & amu w fait aor 8, Ba saat A A ae Vi seed, ager cen ais FH ze Susren wen Tat Baer, Bei wen Hew F sen-eeh cen Peteat A alier ore a ee BI PHTY #1 Usa (acrosome), Test-srt (Golgi bodies) # fatter & ara 21 wd Gary (spermatid) A aiesh-ary faeetet am fftreai & sat a1 ete & serie- Phase of Multiplication (Mitosis) * Primary spermatocyte Phage of growth |\ First meiotic Secondary g eiogyie ‘division 5 sperm ne s ‘ Second meiotic J E : face oreheght = 3. | fn 8 g = Qo en on oo (ar otf) fetoar vam ag? ere ae aT A Rime (dense body) fia yd-wtatre su (proacrosomal granule) Bi eo Salty, Reed aur 8 Sf iv'8 oe Fae 7 Sra fier wef cet 1 ae emg Re hae & frac a eee Haga 2, s8 are umtemevan (acrosomal granule) wey g(cone) eT & | ei Referer aT eT Te Frat gen 2 cen Sa eT, Uw AeT-—aT ae Seas & Sin Sater ay Raenfera ah Hace ww Sh RL ga et Ta a HM A Sh (car) wee Sf -ra oer ae am aie & afin rego ae Fear x fear SIT @ | Gate ‘Acrosom granule Nucleus Acrosome Plasma membrane Acrosomal vesicle fea 2.7 : apnoea & were ya Hate el vida ar em gary ar aegiier sraig Bete (centrosome) a are ' Stet (centrioles) ae ae get &, St CH-ge A AEST A oTaET at ech St es Fea eH ahs rT @, fe uw Begs a & case A AT ETT aT fea S sret 81 ga Ba BI etwear Ssiter (proximal centriole) wed &, WaT are, Fer Akgater (distal centriole) wliver Asie F A BHM H cease. en FA ea B suet 81 eer Aesth Gry EAT (middle pice) H Fae at 8, aR Fs =m (flagellum) % stefa—wa (axial filament) a1 Frater ara & sraiq ae aeta-ay aT Stan-at (basal granule) eat &1 sraa—wg Bay A GES ST ARE eT a Fae Seer ges Baer sreha—aeg Sh atte zou sme we er cere wer ger Yea, 8 Sh ae 81 ret feet seer Hee Gow ftir Hg ot oa GG ee A) ‘Rigary (spermatid) a1 afta oher—goa asa & fore ery, Bat 8 ae wB Rear feet rer 8 fer ara ae & frac oe etete r Ani whet 8, saa ye SMrer—ser fatia faen Hwee cere, Fhe’ se wen Saas We Sas caren mer 8 ew aera es wd ell cee Bf aa etn & gus a Bi A cet deb, aah Sr gery sor he war serge ry & wer tT 8 clos aan 8 | Tee Seber rere wr 35 a ihe eae BB ee AT HeA (“a see ‘:3 FA) aM a ges Baim en ae a a eT Serf ue wee ad wh cet 81 ger Ba x Wanye & Raare-ers 2 (Factors controlling spermatogenesis) a PUSH UF ser cep faq Ie ( fafa orate ea are are aro wma aaia HK frotaan € ; \ 1. @R-Fasiet (Hormonal Dependence) : @ (androgens) gu # srarett aatg afm aifirersit gxt a “wen Geren: teehee) Gomer Bo a art Lee SH—sifirerait sr Faker (germ cell differentiation) eT em Se oy er bey eile Sees pry ese , vaferefier zie (leutinizing hormone = Interstitial Cell Stimulating Ho! ffir cored 8 aus gan 8 fi ser ganar fet a pia ETA HE BY er Bate GS wee Ah arama wed Re a ge ome Ergun easter oi wifer Risin shi (leutinizing and follicle stimulating hormone), was (epinephrine), Taf, ada, ama, saa ws ane | 2. aqara_ (Temperature) fea 8a 21 af Ret ara wrt #oyga adi ma & va ft gam a 179° CR erpia feet ora 81 3. Ser (Nutrition) + ae we wera ei ais & far gate ea TTR gH 91 AD Re et Rie ere DT Se eae Te amt tens UME wae ge a rena are See Ered saws, ge Rene DS Be SAR: GEN gre wee es aE TH oT Ry re a Gi Sel warn ster 8 stehs we Ge FANE SOTEA ant & sng 28 Oe ee EE EAB cher rg ese OE wei aR Bet Bg GER (casein) & arava ¥ sf FS erpAT at an WS wey " ~SBRUpAA Be war & : ~ & Bont 8 oh Ae Sag of a ae ser ger ape aA EB eg -(necrospermia) et 81% etl Hyer see ay Per me ee mais rina oo Se fare aaygeno: amr citer a Pett Zs (azoospermia) Fat 21 afer afe arf a soot St den cog 3 a woh 8 ee fer #1 sitettiterfien (oligospermi: YPM & THR (Types of spermatozo seater Gory A ate St TH GH mn ery 1 arena &, fea fafa agai a | gayi ai acest} aU HK at TT © spermatozoa) 721 stesgT¥it sey (non-flagellate spermatozoa) | 1. Saft Yay (Flagellate spermat oven & ysrysi ioe a at yes aaia, wee (flagella) safe eth Fr a ee sant yer tha GH TS suid wae safert ae, ara: Fe vaHEA BRI (monoflagellate spermatozoa) #1 ag & om @ (scarred, sie Sy) | Fo seqeti [FA- dacs (toadfish)] 4 gam 4 a geo srariq at sary safer att 2, fee amt aM (biflagcllate spermatozoa) #8 € | frei sreamra uReaftal cae aay fair ae ares Sasi of eer gery wa oa 21° B c faa 2.8 : after agai & wert yar : A. afte woh, B. ae (=m), C. Hem, D. BL E. veh, FAYE (ITI Ae), G yA (Tes ga) | fee wast Feat sere otfies gost So wht ocen fees ort 1 aT TER | Wa Fy cafe Yay] (conjugate spermatozoa) *et € | Sqrewme, {8 (grasshopper) & aaita gary ww “RIAA” (sperm boat) #1 ST oT fest ed Fl aH wHR | agit ory rer 3 ora A Aa A vet EN yaw Soa eIuaa Sh fH ge eh 2. arm YsET] (Nonflagellate spermatozoa) : $4 7K a gare vay nae me 21.8 arte (non-motile) et # ae aa hal ~ 8 ai 138 oan & eer Pads (screed, teehee s aeeii 3 Brat #1 § 26 A B c fa 2.9 : areas Ber] : A. CEB; B. git (crayfish); C. HTT (lobster)