To design both high-level and low-level test cases for the functional requirement "The system

must set thresholds for KPI targets" of the Balanced Scorecard system of Woldiya
University, we will apply Boundary Value Analysis (BVA), Domain Analysis, Cause-Effect
Graphing, and State Transition Testing.

1. Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)

Boundary Value Analysis focuses on testing values at the boundaries of the input range. In this
case, the system should correctly set thresholds for Key Performance Indicator (KPI) targets
within the acceptable boundaries.

Requirement: The system must set thresholds for KPI targets.

Assumptions:

1.The KPI value must be less than 0% and greater than 100%.

2.Only the Administrator has the permission to add KPIs to the system.

Traces:[UR] X

High Level (HL)Test Cases

Test Case ID Test Case Description Expected Result

TC_BVA_001 Verify setting a KPI target The system should correctly
threshold at the boundary set the threshold value for KPI
value (e.g., minimum or at the minimum and maximum
maximum threshold). boundary as defined
TC_BVA_002 Verify setting a KPI target at
just above the minimum
The system should correctly
boundary value(min plus 1)
set the threshold value for KPI
and at just below the
given.
maximum boundary value
(max minus 1).
TC_BVA_003 Verify setting a KPI target The system should not accept
threshold just below the valid values below the minimum
range threshold, and it should
display an error message.
TC_BVA_004 Verify setting a KPI target The system should not accept
threshold just above the valid values above the maximum
 range threshold, and it should
display an error message

Low Level (LL) Test Cases

Test Case ID Test Case Test Steps Expected Post-
Descriptio Pre-conditions result conditions
n
TC_BVA_LL_ Verify The user is logged in with 1. Log in as The given 1.The
001 setting sufficient an value is user
KPI target permissions(Administrato administrato below the remains in
at just r, Manager). r. threshold, the page
below the 2. Set KPI please give and the
minimum target to - the correct target
boundary 1%. input.
value is
value 3. Save the
set the
(e.g., - changes
default
1%).
value.
TC_BVA_LL_ Verify The user is logged in with 1. Log in as 1.Successfu 1.Changes
002 setting sufficient an l message are
KPI target permissions(Administrato administrato of the value reflected in
threshold r). r. given the system
at the 2. Set KPI accepted. immediatel
minimum target to 0%. y or after a
boundary 2.Set the required
value 3. Save the KPI target refresh.
(e.g., 0%). changes to 0%
without
errors
TC_BVA_LL_ Verify The user is logged in with 1. Log in as 1.Successfu 1.Changes
003 setting sufficient an l message are
KPI target permissions(Administrato administrato of the value reflected in
at just r). r. given the system
above the 2. Set KPI accepted. immediatel
minimum target to 1%. y or after a
boundary 2.Set the required
value 3. Save the KPI target refresh.
(e.g., 1%). changes to 1%
without
errors
TC_BVA_LL_ Verify The user is logged in with 1. Log in as 1.Successfu 1.Changes
004 setting sufficient an l message are
KPI target permissions(Administrato administrato of the value reflected in
at just r). r. given the system
below the 2. Set KPI accepted. immediatel
maximum target to y or after a
boundary 99%. 2.Set the required
value 3. Save the KPI target refresh.
(e.g., changes to 99%
99%). without
errors
TC_BVA_LL_ Verify The user is logged in with 1. Log in as 1.Successfu 1.Changes
005 setting sufficient an l message are
KPI target permissions(Administrato administrato of the value reflected in
threshold r). r. given the system
at the 2. Set KPI accepted. immediatel
maximum target to y or after a
boundary 100%. 2.Set the required
value 3. Save the KPI target refresh.
(e.g., changes to 100%
100%). without
errors
TC_BVA_LL_ Verify The user is logged in with 1. Log in as The given 1.The
006 setting sufficient an value is user
KPI target permissions(Administrato administrato above the remains in
at just r). r. threshold, the page
above the 2. Set KPI please give and the
maximum target to the correct target
boundary 101%. input.
value is
value 3. Save the
set the
(e.g., changes
default
101%).
value.

2. Domain Analysis

Domain Analysis involves testing valid and invalid values within the domain of possible input.
The valid domain for KPI target thresholds typically includes values between 0% and 100%,
while invalid domains might include negative values or values exceeding 100%.

High Level Test Cases

Test Case ID Test Case Description Expected Result
TC_DA_001 Verify that KPI target The system should accept any
thresholds within the valid KPI target within the range
range (e.g., 0% to 100%) are 0% to 100% and set it as the
accepted. new target
TC_DA_002 Verify that KPI target The system should reject
thresholds above the valid values above the valid range
range ( greater than 100%) are (greater than 100%) and
rejected. display an appropriate error
message.
TC_DA_003 Verify that KPI target The system should reject
thresholds below the valid values above the valid range
range (negative) are rejected. (less than 0%) and display an
appropriate error message
TC_DA_004 Verify that the system defaults The system should reject
to a valid range if the entered invalid values and set the KPI
value is out of bounds. target to a default valid value (
0% if negative and 100% for
greater than 100%).

Low level Test Cases

Test Pre-conditions Expecte Post-

Case d Result condition
Test Case ID Test Steps
Descripti
s
on
TC_DA_LL_001 Verify The user is logged in with 1. Log in as The 1.Changes
setting sufficient an system are reflected
KPI permissions(Administrato administrato should in the
target r). r. accept system
within the 2. Set KPI and save immediately
valid target to the KPI or after a
range 50%. target as required
3. Save the 50%. refresh.
changes.
TC_DA_LL_002 Verify The user is logged in with 1. Log in as The 1.The user
rejection sufficient an system remains in
of KPI permissions(Administrato administrato should the page
target r). r. reject and the
 value 2. Set KPI target
the input
below target to - value is set
and
0%. 5%. the default
display
3. Attempt
an error value
to save the
message.
changes
TC_DA_LL_003 The user is logged in with 1. Log in as The 1.The user
Verify sufficient an system remains in
rejection permissions(Administrato administrato should the page
of KPI r). r. reject and the
target 2. Set KPI the input target
value target to - and value is set
above 105%. display
the default
100%. 3. Attempt an error
value
to save message.

3.Cause Effect graph

Steps1: Identify Causes and Effects

Causes(Inputs/Conditions)

C001. User selects a specific KPI from the Balanced Scorecard.

C002.User inputs a threshold acceptable value.

C003. User inputs a threshold that exceeds the maximum allowable limit.

C004. User inputs a threshold that is below the minimum allowable limit.

C005.User does not input a threshold value (try to be an empty target value).

Effects(Expected outcomes)

E001.The system displays the selected KPI from the Balanced Scorecard.

E002. The system saves the threshold value for the selected KPI.

E003.The system shows an error message for exceeding the maximum limit.
E004. The system shows an error message for being below the minimum limit.

E005.The system prompts the user to enter a threshold value..

Step 2: Design Test Cases

High Level(HL) Test Cases

Test Case ID Causes Combination Expected Result

TC_CE_HL_001 C001 = True E001
TC_CE_HL_002 C001 = True, C002 = True, C003 = E002.
False, C004, = False, C005 = False,
TC_CE_ HL _003 C001 = True, C003 = True E003
TC_CE_HL _004 C001 = True, C004 = True E004
TC_CE_ HL _005 C005 = True E005

Low Level(LL) Test Cases

Test Description Pre- Test Test Steps Expected Post-

Case condition Data(Inputs) (Procedures) output conditions
ID
TC_CE Verify that User is C001(User 1. Log in as an E001(The The
_ LL the system logged selects a administrator. system selected
_001 displays the into the specific KPI 2. Select a displays KPI is
selected system valid KPI from the successfull
from the
KPI from and has the list y displayed
Balanced selected
the access to in the user
Balanced the
Scorecard). KPI from
3.Select a interface.
Scorecard Balanced the
specific KPI Balanced
Scorecard
by clicking on Scorecard)
.
it,from the list .
of available
KPIs.
TC_CE Verify that User has C002(User 1. Log in as an E002(The The
_ LL the system selected a inputs a administrator. system threshold
_002 saves the valid KPI 2. Select a saves the value
threshold
threshold valid KPI from threshold entered by
acceptable
value for the list the user is
value). value for
the selected successfull
the
 KPI. selected y saved in
3.Enter a valid KPI). the system
threshold for the
value that is selected
acceptable KPI.
4. Save the
changes
TC_CE Verify that User has C003(User 1. Log in as an E003(The The user
_ LL the system selected a inputs a administrator. system should
_003 shows an valid KPI 2. Select a shows an remain on
threshold
error and valid KPI from error the input
that exceeds
message knows the the list screen,
the message
for maximum allowing
exceeding allowable maximum for
3.Enter a them to
the limit. allowable exceeding
value that correct their
maximum the
limit). exceeds the input
limit maximum without
maximum
threshold into limit). losing any
the previously
designated entered
field. data.

4. Save the
changes
TC_CE Verify that User has C004(User 1. Log in as an E004(The The user
_ LL the system selected a inputs a administrator. system should
_004 shows an valid KPI 2. Select a shows an remain on
threshold
error and valid KPI from error the input
that is below
message knows the the list screen,
the message
for being minimum allowing
for being
below the allowable minimum 3.Enter a them to
minimum allowable below the
limit. value that is correct their
limit minimum
limit). below the input
limit).. without
minimum
threshold into losing any
the previously
designated entered
field. data.

4. Save the
changes
TC_CE Verify that User has C005(User 1. Log in as an E005(The The user
_ LL the system selected a does not administrator. system should
prompts the
_005 user to valid KPI input a 2. Select a prompts remain on
enter a threshold valid KPI from the user to the input
threshold the list enter a screen,
value (try to
value threshold allowing
be an empty
3.Leave the them to re-
target value).
threshold field enter the
value)). empty. threshold
value
4. Save the without
losing any
changes
previously
entered
data in
other fields