Introduction to Group
Decision Making and
Problem Solving
Presented by Group 1
Group decision making
is a process where a group of individuals collectively
arrive at a decision. It's a common practice in various
settings, from businesses to educational institutions
and government agencies. Problem solving is a related
skill that involves identifying, analyzing, and resolving
issues. When combined, group decision making and
problem solving can lead to innovative and effective
solutions.
Types of Group Decision-Making Processes
Group decision-making processes vary widely depending on
the group's size, culture, and the nature of the problem. Here
are some common types:
Consensus
· Definition: All group members agree on a decision.
· Advantages: High commitment, satisfaction, and quality
decisions.
· Disadvantages: Time-consuming, can lead to groupthink.
Majority Rule
· Definition: The decision is made based on the majority vote.
· Advantages: Quick and efficient, democratic.
· Disadvantages: Can lead to minority dissatisfaction, may
not consider all perspectives.
Minority Rule
· Definition: A small group of members makes the decision.
· Advantages: Can be efficient, useful for complex problems.
· Disadvantages: Can lead to dissatisfaction among the
majority, may not represent the group's interests.
Authority Rule
· Definition: A designated authority figure makes the
decision.
· Advantages: Quick and decisive, clear accountability.
· Disadvantages: Can lead to dissatisfaction among group
members, may not consider all perspectives.
Delphi Technique
· Definition: A structured, iterative process where experts
provide input anonymously.
· Advantages: Reduces groupthink, can generate a wide range
of ideas.
· Disadvantages: Can be time-consuming, may require
multiple rounds of feedback.
Nominal Group Technique
· Definition: A structured group decision-making process that
combines individual and group input.
· Advantages: Reduces groupthink, ensures all members
contribute.
· Disadvantages: Can be time-consuming, may require a
facilitator.
Brainstorming
· Definition: A technique for generating a large number of ideas
without judgment.
· Advantages: Stimulates creativity, generates a wide range of
options.
· Disadvantages: Can be dominated by a few individuals, may not
lead to a final decision.
Influences on Group Decision Making
Several factors can influence the outcome of group decision-making
processes. These include:
Group Dynamics
· Groupthink: A phenomenon where group members strive for conformity and
consensus, leading to poor decision-making.
· Social Loafing: When individuals exert less effort in a group setting compared to when
working alone.
· Group Polarization: The tendency for group members to become more extreme in
their opinions after discussion.
· Diversity: The presence of diverse perspectives can enhance decision-making.
Leadership
· Leadership style: The leader's approach can significantly influence group dynamics
and decision-making.
· Power dynamics: The distribution of power within the group can affect who has the
most influence.
Task Characteristics
· Complexity: The complexity of the problem can influence the decision-making
process.
· Time constraints: Limited time can lead to hasty decisions.
Environmental Factors
· Culture: Cultural norms and values can shape decision-making processes.
· Technology: The availability of technology can influence how groups communicate
and collaborate.
EFFECTIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING TECHNIQUES
Here are some effective problem-solving techniques that groups can use:
Structured Techniques Creative Techniques
· Decision Trees: Visual tools to evaluate · Brainstorming: Generating a large number of
alternative courses of action. ideas without judgment.
· Cost-Benefit Analysis: Assessing the costs and · Mind Mapping: A visual tool for organizing ideas
benefits of different options. and connections.
· Force Field Analysis: Identifying driving and · Analogical Reasoning: Using analogies to generate
restraining forces to understand the factors new ideas or solutions.
influencing a problem. · SCAMPER: A technique for generating new ideas
· Root Cause Analysis: Identifying the underlying by substituting, combining, adapting, modifying,
causes of a problem to address it effectively. putting to other uses, eliminating, and reversing.
Collaborative Techniques
· Nominal Group Technique: A structured group decision-making process that combines
individual and group input.
· Delphi Technique: A structured, iterative process where experts provide input anonymously.
· Consensus Building: A process of reaching an agreement through discussion and compromise.
Barriers to Effective Group Decision Making
Several factors can hinder effective group decision making. These include:
Communication Issues
· Poor communication: Misunderstandings, lack of clarity, and ineffective communication can lead to confusion
and conflict.
· Groupthink: A phenomenon where group members strive for conformity and consensus, leading to poor
decision-making.
· Social Loafing: When individuals exert less effort in a group setting compared to when working alone.
Conflict
· Interpersonal conflicts: Disagreements among group members can impede progress.
· Power struggles: Conflicts over authority and influence can hinder decision-making.
Time Constraints
· Limited time: Time pressure can lead to hasty decisions and overlook important considerations.
Lack of Information
· Insufficient information: A lack of data or knowledge can make it difficult to make informed decisions.
Cultural Differences
· Diverse perspectives: While diversity can be beneficial, it can also lead to misunderstandings and conflict if not
managed effectively.
Conflict Resolution and Collaboration
Effective conflict resolution and collaboration are essential for successful group
decision making. Here are some strategies:
Conflict Resolution Techniques
· Negotiation: A process of reaching an agreement through compromise.
· Mediation: A neutral third party facilitates communication and helps resolve
conflicts.
· Arbitration: A neutral third party makes a binding decision.
· Accommodation: One party gives in to the other's demands.
· Avoidance: Ignoring or postponing the conflict.
Collaboration Techniques
· Active listening: Paying attention to what others are saying and showing empathy.
· Open communication: Sharing thoughts and feelings openly and honestly.
· Respectful dialogue: Treating others with dignity and respect.
· Compromise: Finding a solution that meets the needs of all parties.
Ethical Considerations in Group Decision Making
When making decisions as a group, it's important to consider ethical implications. Here
are some key ethical considerations:
Fairness
· Equal participation: Ensuring that all group members have equal opportunities to contribute and be heard.
· Fairness in decision-making: Avoiding bias or favoritism in the decision-making process.
Transparency
· Openness: Being open and honest about the decision-making process and the reasons for decisions.
· Accountability: Taking responsibility for decisions made.
Respect
· Dignity: Treating all group members with respect, regardless of their differences.
· Inclusivity: Creating a welcoming and inclusive environment for all members.
Honesty
· Truthfulness: Being honest and truthful in communication and decision-making.
· Avoiding deception: Avoiding misleading or deceptive behavior.
Responsibility
· Accountability: Taking responsibility for the consequences of decisions made.
· Ethical consequences: Considering the ethical implications of decisions, both short-term and long-term.
Technology and Group Decision Making
Technology has significantly transformed the way groups collaborate and make decisions.
Here are some key ways technology has impacted group decision making:
Enhanced Communication and Collaboration
· Online platforms: Tools like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Google Meet facilitate virtual meetings and collaboration.
· Instant messaging and chat: Platforms like Slack, Teams, and WhatsApp enable real-time communication and sharing of
information.
· Document sharing and collaboration: Tools like Google Drive and Dropbox allow teams to work on documents
simultaneously and track changes.
Increased Access to Information
· Search engines: Google Search and other search engines provide access to vast amounts of information and research.
· Databases: Specialized databases offer access to industry-specific information and data.
· Social media: Platforms like Twitter and LinkedIn can be used to connect with experts and gather information.
Data Analysis and Decision Support
· Data analytics tools: Software like Excel, SPSS, and Tableau can be used to analyze data and identify trends.
· Artificial intelligence: AI-powered tools can help with decision-making by analyzing data, identifying patterns, and providing
recommendations.
Challenges and Considerations
· Digital divide: Access to technology may vary among group members, leading to inequalities.
· Information overload: The abundance of information can make it difficult to evaluate and use effectively.
· Privacy and security concerns: Sharing sensitive information online can pose risks.
APPLICATIONS OF GROUP DECISION MAKING AND
PROBLEM SOLVING
Group decision making and problem solving are essential skills in various fields and industries.
Here are some common applications:
Business
· Strategic planning: Developing long-term goals and strategies.
· Product development: Designing and launching new products or services.
· Resource allocation: Allocating resources effectively to achieve objectives.
· Crisis management: Responding to unexpected challenges and emergencies.
Education
· Curriculum development: Designing and implementing educational programs.
· Student assessment: Evaluating student performance and progress.
· Faculty evaluation: Assessing faculty effectiveness and providing feedback.
Government
· Policy development: Creating and implementing public policies.
· Budget allocation: Distributing resources among different government agencies.
· Crisis management: Responding to natural disasters, public health emergencies, and other crises.
Healthcare
· Treatment planning: Developing personalized treatment plans for patients.
· Medical research: Conducting research to advance medical knowledge and develop new
treatments.
· Healthcare policy: Developing policies to improve healthcare access and quality.
Non-Profit Organizations
· Fundraising: Developing strategies to raise funds for the organization's mission.
· Program development: Designing and implementing programs to address social and
environmental issues.
· Volunteer management: Recruiting, training, and managing volunteers.
Synthesis and Integration
Group decision making and problem solving are essential skills for individuals and organizations. By
effectively combining these processes, groups can make informed, innovative, and ethical decisions.
Key Takeaways
· Group dynamics: Understanding group dynamics is crucial for effective decision making.
· Problem-solving techniques: Various techniques can be used to identify, analyze, and solve problems.
· Ethical considerations: Ethical principles should guide group decision making.
· Technology: Technology can enhance communication, collaboration, and access to information.
· Applications: Group decision making and problem solving are applicable in various fields, including
business, education, government, and healthcare.
Areas for Further Exploration
· Emerging technologies: Exploring how emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and blockchain
can impact group decision making.
· Cross-cultural decision making: Examining how cultural differences influence group decision making
and problem solving.
· Ethical frameworks: Developing and applying ethical frameworks specifically for group decision
making.
· Measuring effectiveness: Developing metrics to assess the effectiveness of group decision-making
processes.
Thank You
Group 1 Members
Bibe, Mark Angelo
De Pedro, Julia Claire
Diones, April Nicole
Estrella, Christian George
Galang, Stephanie Anne
Moral, Lassela
Padernos, Joy Annia Mharie
Rivera, Eryllen Shane
