Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation Lab Experiment # 5
SPEED MEASUREMENT USING HALL EFFECT SENSOR
5.1 Objective 5.2 Theory 5.3 Procedure 5.4 Apparatus required 5.5 Connection diagram 5.6
Observation Table 5.7 Result 5.8 Precautions 5.9 Pre - Requisite Questions 5.10 Post-
Requisite Questions
5.1 OBJECTIVE: - Speed measurement using Hall Effect sensor.
5.2 THEORY: -
The Hall Effect switch is a semiconductor switch that activates on the presence of Magnetism
around it and deactivates on the removal of a magnetic field. This property of Hall Effect
switch is useful for motor speed measurement Fig. 2 shows a typical arrangement for motor
speed measurement using Hall Effect switch.
Panel is provided with a 12V motor. The speed of motor can be controlled by varying the
potentiometer on panel. (Connected to base of TIP122). A slotted wheel fitted on the motor
shaft rotates and Hall Effect switch is placed just below the teeth of the wheel. A permanent
Magnet is mounted just above the wheel height. Permanent Magnet produces a permanent
Magnetic field around the Hall Effect switch and the open collector output of it switches to
zero. On rotation of the motor slotted wheel rotates. When tooth of wheel appears in between
the magnet and Hall switch Magnetic field weakens and Hall Effect switch output changes its
state (becomes high). Thus Hall Effect gives one pulse per tooth of wheel. Hence you need to
divide by 8 to arrive at shaft rotation frequency.
These pulses are amplified and converted into sharp pulses by comparator. Further theses
pulses are converted into DC voltage by frequency to voltage converter. Output of F to V
converter after amplification is made available at output terminals for measurement.
Complete circuit diagram is shown in Fig.2.
Figure1. Hall Effect switch circuit
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Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation Lab Experiment # 5
5.3 PROCEDURE: - Steps involved are enlisted below for speed measurement:
1. Connect +12V from the power supply to the panel.
2. Select the Hall Effect sensor by setting the rotary 6 position switch at the correct location
(2nd) as shown.
3. Vary the motor speed by the speed control pot.
4. Keep it at zero speed (motor stand still). Measure the voltage across output.
5. Adjust if not zero volt, using zero adj. Pot.
6. Now set the motor voltage to 3 Volts using motor speed control pot & adjust output
voltage at tag no. 6 & 7 to 0.33v using zero pot.
7. Now set the motor speed to full and adjust output voltage to 2V using span adj pot. 12V
DC motor available in market may have different speeds for the same voltage applied.
Hence obviously the frequency will change resulting in to change in output
voltage. Hence at the time of calibration it is recommended that apply full voltage to motor
and measure frequency on oscilloscope. So output voltage to be set will be,
[freq. /8] x 60
V= Volts
2000
8. Repeat the span zero adjustment procedure twice to ensure the 0-2V measurement range.
Thus display in Volts x 2000 will represent RPM.
9. Now measure the output voltage for each position of potentiometer (motor voltage).
Observe waveforms at Tp13 (f) as shown in the table.
Verify O/P voltage = [(f / 8) x 60] / 2000
5.4 APPARATUS REQUIRED:-
S. Name of the Apparatus Range Quantity
No.
1. Trainer kit 01
-
2. Multimeter 01
3. Connecting leads 06
4. CRO 01
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Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation Lab Experiment # 5
5.5 CONNECTION DIAGRAM
Figure2. Typical arrangement for motor speed measurement using Hall Effect Switch
5.6 OBSERVATION TABLE :
Applied voltage
Output Voltage Speed(RPM) = Output
S.No. to Motor
(Volts) voltage x 2000
(Volts)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9.
10.
5.7 RESULT:
Hall Effect switch is found to be useful for speed measurement of motor with the help of magnetic,
mechanical arrangement of set up. The characteristic curve between applied voltage and speed of
motor is also found linear.
5.8 PRECAUTIONS:-
1) All connections should be tight
2) All connections must be according to procedure
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Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation Lab Experiment # 5
5.9 PRE REQUISITE QUESTIONS :-
Q1. What is Hall Effect?
Q2. Who discovered the Hall Effect?
5.10 POST REQUISITE QUESTIONS :-
Q1. What is the formula to calculate Hall Potential?
Q2. List two applications of Hall Effect sensor?
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