Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Mathematics Chapter 14

Back of Chapter Questions

Exercise 14.1
1. Find the common factors of the given terms.
(i) 12𝑥, 36
(ii) 2𝑦, 22𝑥𝑦
(iii) 14 𝑝𝑞, 28𝑝2 𝑞 2
(iv) 2𝑥, 3𝑥 2 , 4
(v) 6𝑎𝑏𝑐, 24𝑎𝑏 2 , 12𝑎2 𝑏
(vi) 16𝑥 3 , −4𝑥 2 , 32𝑥
(vii) 10 𝑝𝑞, 20𝑞𝑟, 30𝑟𝑝
(viii) 3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 , 10𝑥 3 𝑦 2 , 6𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧
Solution:
(i) 12𝑥 = 12 × 𝑥

 12𝑥 = 12 × 𝑥 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 𝑥
36 ⇒

36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
Thus,
12𝑥 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 𝑥
36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
So, the common factors are 2, 2 and 3

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

And 2 × 2 × 3 = 12
(ii) 2𝑦, 22𝑥𝑦
2𝑦 = 2 × 𝑦
22 𝑥𝑦 = 22 × 𝑥 × 𝑦
= 2 × 11 × 𝑥 × 𝑦
So, the common factors are 2 and y
And2 × 𝑦 = 2𝑦
(iii) 14 𝑝𝑞, 28𝑝2 𝑞 2
14𝑝𝑞 = 14 × 𝑝 × 𝑞

=2×7×𝑝×𝑞
28 𝑝2 𝑞 2 = 28 × 𝑝2 × 𝑞 2

= 2 × 2 × 7 × 𝑝2 × 𝑞 2
=2×2×7×𝑝×𝑞×𝑞×𝑞
So,14𝑝𝑞 = 2 × 7 × 𝑝 × 𝑞
28𝑝2 𝑞 2 = 2 × 2 × 7 × 𝑝 × 𝑝 × 𝑞 × 𝑞
 the common factor are 2, 7, 𝑝 and 𝑞
And 2 × 7 × 𝑝 × 𝑞 = 14 × 𝑝𝑞
= 14𝑝𝑞
(iv) 2𝑥, 3𝑥 2 , 4
2𝑥 = 2 × 𝑥
3𝑥 2 = 3 × 𝑥 2
=3×𝑥×𝑥
4= 2×2

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

There is no common factor visible.

∴ 1 is the only common factor of the given terms.
(v) 6𝑎𝑏𝑐, 24𝑎𝑏 2 , 12𝑎2 𝑏
6𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 6 × 𝑎𝑏𝑐
= 2 × 3 × 𝑎𝑏𝑐
=2×3×𝑎×𝑏×𝑐
24𝑎𝑏 2 = 24 × 𝑎𝑏 2

= 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 𝑎𝑏 2
=2×2×2×3×𝑎×𝑏×𝑏
12𝑎2 𝑏 = 12 × 𝑎2 𝑏

= 2 × 2 × 3 × 𝑎2 × 𝑏
=2×2×3×𝑎×𝑎×𝑏
So,6 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 2 × 3 × 𝑎 × 𝑏 × 𝑐
24𝑎𝑏 2 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 𝑎 × 𝑏 × 𝑐
12 𝑎2 𝑏 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑏
 the common factor are 2, 3, a and b
And 2 × 3 × 𝑎 × 𝑏 = 6 × 𝑎𝑏
= 6 𝑎𝑏
(vi) 16𝑥 3 , −4𝑥 2 , 32𝑥
16𝑥 3 = 16 × 𝑥 3

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 𝑥3
=2×2×2×2×𝑥×𝑥×𝑥
−4𝑥 2 = −4 × 𝑥 2
= −1 × 4 × 𝑥 2
= −1 × 2 × 2 × 𝑥 2
= −1 × 2 × 2 × 𝑥 × 𝑥
32𝑥 = 32 × 𝑥

=2×2×2×2×2×𝑥
So,16𝑥 3 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑥
−4𝑥 2 = −1 × 2 × 2 × 𝑥 × 𝑥
32𝑥 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 𝑥
 the common factors are 2, 2 and x
And2 × 2 × 𝑥 = 4 × 𝑥
= 4𝑥
(vii) 10 𝑝𝑞, 20𝑞𝑟, 30𝑟𝑝
10𝑝𝑞 = 10 × 𝑝𝑞
= 2 × 5 × 𝑝𝑞
=2×5×𝑝×𝑞
20𝑞𝑟 = 20 × 𝑞𝑟

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

= 2 × 2 × 5 × 𝑞𝑟
=2×2×5×𝑞×𝑟
30𝑟𝑝 = 30 × 𝑟𝑝

= 2 × 3 × 5 × 𝑟𝑝
=2×2×5×𝑟×𝑝
So,10𝑝𝑞 = 2 × 5 × 𝑝 × 𝑞
20𝑞𝑟 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 𝑞 × 𝑟
30𝑟𝑝 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 𝑟 × 𝑝
 the common factors are 2 and 5
And2 × 5 = 10
(viii) 3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 , 10𝑥 3 𝑦 2 , 6𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧
3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 = 3 × 𝑥 2 × 𝑦 2
=3×𝑥×𝑥×𝑦×𝑦×𝑦
10𝑥 3 𝑦 2 = 10 × 𝑥 3 × 𝑦 2
= 2 × 5 × 𝑥3 × 𝑦2
=2×5×𝑥×𝑥×𝑥×𝑦×𝑦
6𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 = 6 × 𝑥 2 × 𝑦 2 × 𝑧
= 2 × 3 × 𝑥2 × 𝑦2 × 𝑧
=2×3×𝑥×𝑥×𝑦×𝑦×𝑧
So,3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 = 2 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑦
10𝑥 3 𝑦 2 = 2 × 5 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑦
6𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 = 2 × 3 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑧

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

 the common factors are x, x, y and y

And𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 = (𝑥 × 𝑥) × (𝑦 × 𝑦)
= 𝑥2 × 𝑦2
= 𝑥2𝑦2
2. Factorise the following expressions.
(i) 7𝑥 − 42
(ii) 6𝑝 − 12𝑞
(iii) 7𝑎2 + 14𝑎
(iv) −16𝑧 + 20𝑧 3
(v) 20𝑙 2 𝑚 + 30 𝑎⁄𝑚
(vi) 5𝑥 2 𝑦 − 15𝑥𝑦 2
(vii) 10 𝑎2 − 15 𝑏 2 + 20 𝑐 2
(viii) −4𝑎2 + 4𝑎𝑏 − 4 𝑐𝑎
(ix) 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 2
(x) 𝑎𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑏𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑐𝑥𝑦𝑧
Solution:
(i) 7𝑥 − 42
Method 1:
7𝑥 = 7 × 𝑥
42 = 2 × 3 × 7

7 is the only common factor.

7𝑥 − 42 = (7 × 𝑥) − (2 × 3 × 7)
= 7(𝑥 − (2 × 3))
= 7(𝑥 − 6)
Method 2:
7𝑥 − 42

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

7𝑥 − 42
= (7 × 𝑥) − (7 × 6)
= 7(𝑥 − 6) (taking 7 as common)
(ii) 6𝑝 − 12𝑞
Method 1:
6𝑝 = 6 × 𝑝
=2×3×𝑝
12𝑞 = 12 × 𝑞

=2×2×3×𝑞
So, the common factors are 2 and 3.
6𝑝 − 12𝑞 = (2 × 3 × 𝑝) − (2 × 2 × 3 × 𝑞)
= 2 × 3(𝑝 − (2 × 𝑞))
= 6(𝑝 − 2𝑞)
Method 2:
6𝑝 − 12𝑞
= 6𝑝 − (6 × 2)𝑞
= 6(𝑝 − 2𝑞)(taking 6 as common)
(iii) 7𝑎2 + 14𝑎
Method 1:
7𝑎2 = 7 × 𝑎2 = 7 × 𝑎 × 𝑎
14𝑎 = 14 × 𝑎 = 7 × 2 × 𝑎 × 𝑎
So, the common factors are 7 and a
7𝑎2 + 14𝑎 = (7 × 𝑎 × 𝑎) + (7 × 2 × 𝑎)
= (7 × 𝑎)(𝑎 + 2)
= 7𝑎(𝑎 + 2)

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

Method 2:
7𝑎2 + 14𝑎
= 7𝑎2 + (7 × 2)𝑎
= (7𝑎 × 𝑎) + (7𝑎 × 2)
= 7𝑎(𝑎 + 2)(taking 7𝑎 common)
(iv) −16𝑧 + 20𝑧 3
Method 1:
−16𝑧 = −16 × 𝑧
= −1 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 𝑧
20𝑧 3 = 20 × 𝑧 3

=2×2×5×𝑧×𝑧×𝑧
So, the common factors are 2, 2 and 𝑧
−16𝑧 + 20𝑧 3
= (−1 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 𝑧) + (2 × 2 × 5 × 𝑧 × 𝑧 × 𝑧)
Taking 2 × 2 × 𝑧 common,
= 2 × 2 × 𝑧((−1 × 2 × 2) + (5 × 𝑧 × 𝑧))
= 4𝑧(−4 + 5𝑧 2 )
Method 2:
−16𝑧 + 20𝑧 3
= (4 × −4)𝑧 + (4 × 5)𝑧 3
= 4𝑧(−4 + 5𝑧 2 )(taking 4z as common)
(v) 20𝑙 2 𝑚 + 30 𝑎⁄𝑚
Method 1:
20 𝑙 2 𝑚 = 20 × 𝑙 2 × 𝑚

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

=2×2×5×l×l×𝑚
30 alm = 30 × 𝑎 × l × 𝑚

=2×3×5×𝑎×l×𝑚
So, 20𝑙 2 m = 2 × 2 × 5 × l × l × m
30 alm = 2 × 3 × 5 × a × l × m
So, 2, 5, l and m are the common factors.
Now,
20𝑙 2 m + 30 alm = (2 × 2 × 5 × l × l × m) + (2 × 3 × 5 × a × l × m)
Taking 2 × 5 × l × m common
= 2 × 5 × l × m (2 × 1) + (3 × 𝑎)
= 10lm(2l + 3a)
Method 2:
20 𝑙 2 𝑚 + 30 alm
= (10 × 2)𝑙 × 𝑙 × 𝑚 + (10 × 3) a × l × m
Taking 10 × l × m as common,
= 10 × l × m(2l + 3𝑎)
= 10lm(2l + 3𝑎)
(vi) 5𝑥 2 𝑦 − 15𝑥𝑦 2
Method 1:
5𝑥 2 𝑦 = 5 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑦
15 𝑥𝑦 2 = 15 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 2
=3×5×𝑥×𝑦×𝑦

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

So, 5, 𝑥 and 𝑦 are the common factors.

Now,
5𝑥 2 𝑦 − 15𝑥𝑦 2 = (5 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑦) − (3 × 5 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑦)
Taking 5 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 common
= 5 × 𝑥 × 𝑦(𝑥 − (3 × 𝑦))
= 5𝑥𝑦(𝑥 − 3𝑦)
Method 2:
5𝑥 2 𝑦 − 15𝑥𝑦 2 = 5𝑥 2 𝑦 − 5 × 3 × 𝑥𝑦 2
Taking 5 as common
= 5(𝑥 2 𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 )
= 5((𝑥𝑦 × 𝑥) − (𝑥𝑦 × 3𝑦))
Taking 𝑥𝑦 as common
= 5𝑥𝑦(𝑥 − 3𝑦)
(vii) 10 𝑎2 − 15 𝑏 2 + 20 𝑐 2
Method 1:
10𝑎2 = 10 × 𝑎2 = 2 × 5 × 𝑎2 = 2 × 5 × 𝑎 × 𝑎
15𝑏 2 = 15 × 𝑏 2 = 3 × 5 × 𝑏 2 = 3 × 5 × 𝑏 × 𝑏
20𝑐 2 = 20 × 𝑐 2 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 𝑐 2 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 𝑐 × 𝑐
So, 5 is the common factor.
10𝑎2 − 15𝑏 2 + 20𝑐 2
= (2 × 5 × 𝑎 × 𝑎) − (3 × 5 × 𝑏 × 𝑏) + (2 × 2 × 5 × 𝑐 × 𝑐)
= 5 × ((2 × 𝑎 × 𝑎) − (3 × 𝑏 × 𝑏) + (2 × 2 × 𝑐 × 𝑐))
= 5 × (2𝑎2 − 3𝑏 2 + 4𝑐 2 )
= 5(2𝑎2 − 3𝑏 2 + 4𝑐 2 )
Method 2:
10 𝑎2 − 15 𝑏 2 + 20 𝑐 2
= (5 × 2)𝑎2 − (5 × 3)𝑏 2 + (5 × 4)𝑐 2
Taking 5 common,
= 5(2𝑎2 − 3𝑏 2 + 4𝑐 2 )

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

(viii) −4𝑎2 + 4𝑎𝑏 − 4 𝑐𝑎

Method 1:
−4𝑎2 = −4 × 𝑎2 = −1 × 4 × 𝑎2
= −1 × 2 × 2 × 𝑎2
= −1 × 2 × 2 × 𝑎 × 𝑎
4𝑎𝑏 = 4 × 𝑎 × 𝑏 = 2 × 2 × 𝑎 × 𝑏
4𝑐𝑎 = 4 × 𝑐 × 𝑎 = 2 × 2 × 𝑐 × 𝑎
So, 2, 2 and 𝑎 are the common factors.
−4𝑎2 + 4𝑎𝑏 − 4𝑐𝑎
= (−1 × 2 × 2 × 𝑎 × 𝑎) + (2 × 2 × 𝑎 × 𝑏) − (2 × 2 × 𝑐 × 𝑎)
= 2 × 2 × 𝑎 × ((−1 × 𝑎) + 𝑏 − 𝑐)
= 4𝑎(−𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐)
Method 2:
−4𝑎2 + 4𝑎𝑏 − 4 𝑐𝑎
Taking 4 common,
= 4(−𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑐𝑎)
= 4((−𝑎 × 𝑎) + (𝑎 × 𝑏) − (𝑐 × 𝑎))
Taking a common,
= 4𝑎(−𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐)
(ix) 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 2
Method 1:
𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 = 𝑥 2 × 𝑦 × 𝑧 = 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑧
𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 = 𝑥 × 𝑦 2 × 𝑧 = 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑧
𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 = 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑧 2 = 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑧 × 𝑧
So, 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 are the common factors.
𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 2
= (𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑧) + (𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑧)(𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑧 × 𝑧)

Taking 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑧 common,
= 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑧(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

= 𝑥𝑦𝑧(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)
Method 2:
𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 2
= (𝑥 × 𝑥𝑦𝑧) + (𝑦 × 𝑥𝑦𝑧) + (𝑧 × 𝑥𝑦𝑧)
Taking 𝑥𝑦𝑧 common,
= 𝑥𝑦𝑧(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)
(x) 𝑎𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑏𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑐𝑥𝑦𝑧
Method 1:
𝑎𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑎 × 𝑥 2 × 𝑦 = 𝑎 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑦
𝑏𝑥𝑦 2 = 𝑏 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 2 = 𝑏 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑦
𝑐𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 𝑐 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑧
So, 𝑥 and 𝑦 are the common factors.
𝑎𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑏𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑐𝑥𝑦𝑧
= (𝑎 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑦) + (𝑏 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑦) + (𝑐 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑧)
= 𝑥 × 𝑦(𝑎 × 𝑥) + (𝑏 × 𝑦) + (𝑐 × 𝑧)
= 𝑥𝑦(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧)
Method 2:
𝑎𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑏𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑐𝑥𝑦𝑧
= (𝑥 × 𝑎𝑥𝑦) + (𝑥 × 𝑏𝑦 2 ) + (𝑥 × 𝑐𝑦𝑧)
Taking 𝑥 common,
= 𝑥(𝑎𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 𝑐𝑦𝑧)
= 𝑥((𝑎𝑥 × 𝑦) + (𝑏𝑦 × 𝑦) + (𝑐𝑧 × 𝑦))
Taking 𝑦 common,
= 𝑥 × 𝑦(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧)
= 𝑥𝑦(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧)
3. Factorise.
(i) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 8𝑥 + 8𝑦
(ii) 15𝑥𝑦 − 6𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 2
(iii) 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑏𝑦

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

(iv) 15𝑝𝑞 + 15 + 9𝑞 + 25𝑝

(v) 𝑧 − 7 + 7𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦𝑧
Solution:
(i) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 8𝑥 + 8𝑦
⏟ 2 + 𝑥𝑦) + (8𝑥
= (𝑥 ⏟ + 8𝑦)
Both have x Both have 8
as common as common
factor factor

= 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦) + 8(𝑥 + 𝑦)
Taking (𝑥 + 𝑦) common
= (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 + 8)
(ii) 15𝑥𝑦 − 6𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 2
15𝑥𝑦 − 6𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 2
= (15𝑥𝑦
⏟ − 6𝑥) + (5𝑦
⏟ − 2)
Both have 3 Since nothing is
and 𝑥 as common,we
common take 1 common
factor

= 3𝑥(5𝑦 − 2) + 1(5𝑦 − 2)
Taking (5𝑦 − 2) common
= (5𝑦 − 2)(3𝑥 + 1)
(iii) 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑏𝑦
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑏𝑦
(𝑎𝑥
⏟ + 𝑏𝑥) − (𝑎𝑦
⏟ − 𝑏𝑦)
Both have x Both have y
as common as common
factor factor

= 𝑥(𝑎 + 𝑏) − 𝑦(𝑎 + 𝑏)
Taking (𝑎 + 𝑏) common
= (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑥 − 𝑦)
(iv) 15𝑝𝑞 + 15 + 9𝑞 + 25𝑝
15𝑝𝑞 + 15 + 9𝑞 + 25𝑝
(15𝑝𝑞 + 25𝑝) + ⏟
=⏟ (15 + 9𝑞)
Both have 5 Both have 3
and p as common as common
factor factor

= 5𝑝(3𝑞 + 5) + 3(5 + 3𝑞)

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

= 5𝑝(3𝑞 + 5) + 3(3𝑞 + 5)
Taking (3𝑞 + 5) Common,
= (3𝑞 + 5)(5𝑝 + 3)
(v) 𝑧 − 7 + 7𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦𝑧
𝑧 − 7 + 7𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦𝑧
(𝑧 − 7) + ⏟
(7𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦𝑧)
Both have 𝑥
and 𝑦 as
common factor

(𝑧 − 7) + 𝑥𝑦(7 − 𝑧)
= (𝑧 − 7) + 𝑥𝑦 × −(𝑧 − 7) (As (7 − 𝑧) = −(𝑧 − 7))
= (𝑧 − 7) − 𝑥𝑦(𝑧 − 7)
Taking (𝑧 − 7) common
= (𝑧 − 7)(1 − 𝑥𝑦)
Exercise 14.2
1. Factorise the following expressions.
(i) 𝑎2 + 8𝑎 + 16
(ii) 𝑝2 − 10𝑝 + 25
(iii) 25𝑚2 + 30𝑚 + 9
(iv) 49𝑦 2 + 84𝑦𝑧 + 36𝑧 2
(v) 4𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 4
(vi) 121𝑏 2 − 88𝑏𝑐 + 16𝑐 2
(vii) (𝑙 + 𝑚)2 − 4𝑙𝑚 (𝐇𝐢𝐧𝐭: Expand (𝑙 + 𝑚)2 first)
(viii) 𝑎4 + 2𝑎2 𝑏 2 + 𝑏 4
Solution:
(i) 𝑎2 + 8𝑎 + 16
= 𝑎2 + 8𝑎 + 42
= 𝑎2 + (2 × 𝑎 × 4) + 42
= 𝑎2 + 42 + (2 × 𝑎 × 4)
Using (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

Here, 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑦 = 4
= (𝑎 + 4)2
(ii) 𝑝2 − 10𝑝 + 25
𝑝2 − 10𝑝 + 25
= 𝑝2 − 10𝑝 + 52
= 𝑝2 − (2 × 𝑝 × 5) + 52
= 𝑝2 + 52 − (2 × 𝑝 × 5)
Using (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏
Here, 𝑎 = 𝑝 and 𝑏 = 5
= (𝑝 − 5)2
(iii) 25𝑚2 + 30𝑚 + 9
25𝑚2 + 30𝑚 + 9
= (5𝑚)2 + 30𝑚 + 32
= (5𝑚)2 + (2 × 5𝑚 × 3) + 32
= (5𝑚)2 + 32 + (2 × 5𝑚 × 3)
Using (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏
Here, 𝑎 = 5𝑚 and 𝑏 = 3
= (5𝑚 + 3)2
(iv) 49𝑦 2 + 84𝑦𝑧 + 36𝑧 2
49𝑦 2 + 84𝑦𝑧 + 36𝑧 2
= (7𝑦)2 + 84𝑦𝑧 + (6𝑧)2
= (7𝑦)2 + 2 × 7𝑦 × 6𝑧 + (6𝑧)2
= (7𝑦)2 + (6𝑧)2 + 2 × 7𝑦 × 6𝑧
Using (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏
Here, 𝑎 = 7𝑦 and 𝑏 = 6𝑧
= (7𝑦 + 6𝑧)2
(v) 4𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 4
4𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 4
= 2𝑥 2 − (2 × 2𝑥 × (−2)) + 22

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

= 2𝑥 2 + 22 − (2 × 2𝑥 × (−2))
Using (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏
Here, 𝑎 = 2𝑥 and 𝑏 = 2
= (2𝑥 − 2)2
(vi) 121𝑏 2 − 88𝑏𝑐 + 16𝑐 2
121𝑏 2 − 88𝑏𝑐 + 16𝑐 2 = (11𝑏)2 − 88𝑏𝑐 + (4𝑐)2
= (11𝑏)2 − 2 × 11𝑏 × 4𝑐 + (4𝑐)2
= (11𝑏)2 + (4𝑐)2 − 2 × 11𝑏 × 4𝑐
Using (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦
Here, 𝑥 = 11𝑏 and 𝑦 = 4𝑐
= (11𝑏 − 4𝑐)2
(vii) (𝑙 + 𝑚)2 − 4𝑙𝑚(𝐇𝐢𝐧𝐭: Expand (𝑙 + 𝑚)2 first)
Using (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏
Here, 𝑎 = 𝑙 and 𝑏 = 𝑚
= 𝑙 2 + 𝑚2 + 2𝑙𝑚 − 4𝑙𝑚
= 𝑙 2 + 𝑚2 + 2𝑙𝑚(1 − 2)
= 𝑙 2 + 𝑚2 − 2𝑙𝑚
Using (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏
Here, 𝑎 = 𝑙 and 𝑏 = 𝑚
= (𝑙 − 𝑚)2
(viii) 𝑎4 + 2𝑎2 𝑏 2 + 𝑏 4
𝑎4 + 2𝑎2 𝑏 2 + 𝑏 4
Using (𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚×𝑛
∴ (𝑎2 )2 = 𝑎2×2 = 𝑎4
= (𝑎2 )2 + 2𝑎2 𝑏 2 + (𝑏 2 )2
= (𝑎2 )2 + 2(𝑎2 × 𝑏 2 ) + (𝑏 2 )2
= (𝑎2 )2 + (𝑏 2 )2 + 2(𝑎2 × 𝑏 2 )
Using (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦
Here, 𝑥 = 𝑎2 and 𝑦 = 𝑏 2

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

= (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )2
2. Factorise
(i) 4𝑝2 − 9𝑞 2
(ii) 63𝑎2 − 112𝑏 2
(iii) 49𝑥 2 − 36
(iv) 16𝑥 5 − 144𝑥 3
(v) (𝑙 + 𝑚)2 − (𝑙 − 𝑚)2
(vi) 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 16
(vii) (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) − 𝑧 2
(viii) 25𝑎2 − 4𝑏 2 + 28𝑏𝑐 − 49𝑐 2
Solution:
(i) 4𝑝2 − 9𝑞 2
= (2𝑝)2 − (3𝑞)2
Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
Here 𝑎 = 2𝑝 and 𝑏 = 3𝑞
= (2𝑝 + 3𝑞)(2𝑝 − 3𝑞)
(ii) 63𝑎2 − 112𝑏 2
63𝑎2 − 112𝑏 2
= (7 × 9)𝑎2 − (7 × 16)𝑏 2
Taking 7 common,
= 7(9𝑎2 − 16𝑏 2 )
= 7((3𝑎)2 − (4𝑏)2 )
Using 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)
Here 𝑥 = 3𝑎 and 𝑦 = 4𝑏
= 7(3𝑎 + 4𝑏)(3𝑎 − 4𝑏)
(iii) 49𝑥 2 − 36
49𝑥 2 − 36
= (7𝑥)2 − (6)2
Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

Here 𝑎 = 7𝑥 and 𝑏 = 6
= (7𝑥 + 6)(7𝑥 − 6)
(iv) 16𝑥 5 − 144𝑥 3
16𝑥 5 − 144𝑥 3
= 16𝑥 2 𝑥 3 − 144𝑥 3
Taking 𝑥 3 common,
= 𝑥 3 (16𝑥 2 − 144)
= 𝑥 3 ((4𝑥)2 − (12)2 )
Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
Here 𝑎 = 4𝑥 and 𝑏 = 12
= 𝑥 3 (4𝑥 + 12)(4𝑥 − 12)
= 𝑥3 ⏟
(4𝑥 + 12) (4𝑥 − 12)
⏟
𝐵𝑜𝑡ℎ ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 4 𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

= 𝑥 3 × 4(𝑥 + 3) × 4(𝑥 − 3)
= 𝑥 3 × 4 × 4 × (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3)
= 16𝑥 3 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3)
(v) (𝑙 + 𝑚)2 − (𝑙 − 𝑚)2
(𝑙 + 𝑚)2 − (𝑙 − 𝑚)2
Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
Here 𝑎 = (𝑙 + 𝑚) and 𝑏 = (𝑙 − 𝑚)
= [(𝑙 + 𝑚) + (𝑙 − 𝑚)][(𝑙 + 𝑚) − (𝑙 − 𝑚)]
= [𝑙 + 𝑚 + 𝑙 − 𝑚][𝑙 + 𝑚 − 𝑙 + 𝑚]
= (2𝑙)(2𝑚)
=2×2×𝑙×𝑚
= 4𝑙𝑚
(vi) 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 16
9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 16
= (3𝑥𝑦)2 − (4)2
Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

Here 𝑎 = 3𝑥𝑦 and 𝑏 = 4

= (3𝑥𝑦 + 4)(3𝑥𝑦 − 4)
(vii) (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) − 𝑧 2
(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) − 𝑧 2
= (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦) − 𝑧 2
Using (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏
Here 𝑎 = 𝑥 and 𝑏 = 𝑦
= (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 − 𝑧 2
Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
Here 𝑎 = 𝑥 − 𝑦 and 𝑏 = 𝑧
= (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧)
(viii) 25𝑎2 − 4𝑏 2 + 28𝑏𝑐 − 49𝑐 2
25𝑎2 − ⏟
4𝑏 2 + 28𝑏𝑐 − 49𝑐 2
Taking−common

= 25𝑎2 − (4𝑏 2 − 28𝑏𝑐 + 49𝑐 2 )

= 25𝑎2 − (4𝑏 2 + 49𝑐 2 − 28𝑏𝑐)
= 25𝑎2 − ((2𝑏)2 + (7𝑐)2 − 2 × 2𝑏 × 7𝑐)
Using (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦
Here 𝑥 = 2𝑏 and 𝑦 = 7𝑐
= 25𝑎2 − (2𝑏 − 7𝑐)2
= (5𝑎)2 − (2𝑏 − 7𝑐)2
Using 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)
Here 𝑥 = 5𝑎 and 𝑦 = 2𝑏 − 7𝑐
= (5𝑎 + (2𝑏 − 7𝑐))(5𝑎 − (2𝑏 − 7𝑐))
= (5𝑎 + 2𝑏 − 7𝑐)(5𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 7𝑐)
3. Factorise the expressions:
(i) 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥
(ii) 7𝑝2 + 21𝑞 2
(iii) 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑧 2

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

(iv) 𝑎𝑚2 + 𝑏𝑚2 + 𝑏𝑛2 + 𝑎𝑛2

(v) (𝑙𝑚 + 𝑙) + 𝑚 + 1
(vi) 𝑦(𝑦 + 𝑧) + 9(𝑦 + 𝑧)
(vii) 5𝑦 2 − 20𝑦 − 8𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧
(viii) 10𝑎𝑏 + 4𝑎 + 5𝑏 + 2
(ix) 6𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 6 − 9𝑥
Solution:
(i) 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥
𝑎𝑥 2 = 𝑎 × 𝑥 × 𝑥
𝑏𝑥 = 𝑏 × 𝑥
So, 𝑥 is a common factor.
Taking 𝑥 common,
= 𝑥((𝑎 × 𝑥) + 𝑏)
= 𝑥(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)
(ii) 7𝑝2 + 21𝑞 2
7𝑝2 = 7 × 𝑝2 = 7 × 𝑝 × 𝑝
21𝑞 2 = 21 × 𝑞 2 = 3 × 7 × 𝑞 × 𝑞
So, 7 is the only common factor.
Taking 7 common,
= 7 × ((𝑝 × 𝑝) + (3 × 𝑞 × 𝑞))
= 7 × (𝑝2 + 3𝑞 2 )
= 7(𝑝2 + 3𝑞 2 )
Method 1:
(iii) 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑧 2
2𝑥 3 = 2 × 𝑥 3 = 2 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑥
2𝑥 3 = 2 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 2 = 2 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑦
2𝑥𝑧 2 = 2 × 𝑥 × 𝑧 2 = 2 × 𝑥 × 𝑧 × 𝑧
So, 2 and 𝑥 are the common factors.

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑧 2
= (2 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑥) + (2 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑦) + (2 × 𝑥 × 𝑧 ×)

Taking 2 × 𝑥 common,
= 2 × 𝑥((𝑥 × 𝑥) + (𝑦 × 𝑦) + (𝑧 × 𝑧))
= 2𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )
(iv) 𝑎𝑚2 + 𝑏𝑚2 + 𝑏𝑛2 + 𝑎𝑛2
(𝑎𝑚2 + 𝑏𝑚2 ) + ⏟
⏟ (𝑏𝑛2 + 𝑎𝑛2 )
𝐵𝑜𝑡ℎ ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑚2 𝑎𝑠 𝐵𝑜𝑡ℎ ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑛2 𝑎𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

= 𝑚2 (𝑎 + 𝑏) + 𝑛2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)
Taking (𝑎 + 𝑏) common,
= (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑚2 + 𝑛2 )
(v) (𝑙𝑚 + 𝑙) + 𝑚 + 1
(𝑙𝑚 + 𝑙) + 𝑚 + 1
Taking 𝑙 common,
= 𝑙(𝑚 + 1) + 1(𝑚 + 1)
Taking (𝑚 + 1) common,
= (𝑚 + 1)(𝑙 + 1)
(vi) 𝑦(𝑦 + 𝑧) + 9(𝑦 + 𝑧)
𝑦(𝑦 + 𝑧) + 9(𝑦 + 𝑧)
Taking (𝑦 + 𝑧) common,
= (𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑦 + 9)
(vii) 5𝑦 2 − 20𝑦 − 8𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧
5𝑦 2 − 20𝑦 − 8𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧
(5𝑦 2 − 20𝑦) + ⏟
= ⏟ (−8𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧)
Both have 5 only 𝑦 Both have 2 only 𝑧
as common factors as common factors

= 5𝑦(𝑦 − 4) + 2𝑧(−4 + 𝑦)
= 5𝑦(𝑦 − 4) + 2𝑧(𝑦 − 4)
Taking (𝑦 − 4) as common,
= (𝑦 − 4)(5𝑦 + 2𝑧)

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

(viii) 10𝑎𝑏 + 4𝑎 + 5𝑏 + 2
10𝑎𝑏 + 4𝑎 + 5𝑏 + 2
(10𝑎𝑏
⏟ + 4𝑎) + (5𝑏
⏟ + 2)
Both have 2 and Since nothing is
as common factors common,we
take 1 common

= 2𝑎(5𝑏 + 2) + 1(5𝑏 + 2)
Taking (5𝑏 + 2) as common,
= (5𝑏 + 2)(2𝑎 + 1)
(ix) 6𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 6 − 9𝑥
(6𝑥𝑦
⏟ − 4𝑦) + (6
⏟ − 9𝑥)
Both have 2 and 𝑦 Both have 3
as common factors as common factors

= 2𝑦(3𝑥 − 2) + 3(2 − 3𝑥)

= 2𝑦(3𝑥 − 2) + 3 × −1(3𝑥 − 2)(𝐴𝑠 (2 − 3𝑥) = −1 × (3𝑥 − 2))
= 2𝑦 (3𝑥 − 2) − 3(3𝑥 − 2)
Taking (3𝑥 − 2) as common,
= (3𝑥 − 2)(2𝑦 − 3)
4. Factorise:
(i) 𝑎4 − 𝑏 4
(ii) 𝑝4 − 81
(iii) 𝑥 4 − (𝑦 + 𝑧)4
(iv) 𝑥 4 − (𝑥 − 𝑧)4
(v) 𝑎4 − 2𝑎2 𝑏 2 + 𝑏 4
Solution:
(i) 𝑎4 − 𝑏 4
= (𝑎2 )2 − (𝑏 2 )2
Using 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)
Here 𝑥 = 𝑎2 and 𝑦 = 𝑏 2
= (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )(𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )
Using 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)
Here 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑦 = 𝑏

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= (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)

= (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
(ii) 𝑝4 − 81
= (𝑝2 )2 − (9)2
Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
Here 𝑎 = 𝑝2 and 𝑏 = 9
= (𝑝2 + 9)(𝑝2 − 9)
= (𝑝2 + 9)(𝑝2 − 32 )
Again Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
Here 𝑎 = 𝑝 and 𝑏 = 3
= (𝑝2 + 9)(𝑝 + 3)(𝑝 − 3)
= (𝑝 − 3)(𝑝 + 3)(𝑝2 + 9)
(iii) 𝑥 4 − (𝑦 + 𝑧)4
= (𝑥 2 )2 − ((𝑦 + 𝑧)2 )2
Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
Here 𝑎 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑏 = (𝑦 + 𝑧)2
= [𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 𝑧)2 ] [𝑥 2 − (𝑦 + 𝑧)2 ]
Again Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 =
(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
Here 𝑎 = 𝑥 and 𝑏 = (𝑦 + 𝑧)
= [𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 𝑧)2 ](𝑥 − (𝑦 + 𝑧))(𝑥 + (𝑦 + 𝑧))
= [𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 𝑧)2 ](𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)
(iv) 𝑥 4 − (𝑥 − 𝑧)4
= (𝑥 2 )2 − [(𝑥 − 𝑧)2 ]2
Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
Here 𝑎 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑏 = (𝑥 − 𝑧)2
= [𝑥 2 + (𝑥 − 𝑧)2 ] [𝑥 2 − (𝑥 − 𝑧)2 ]
Again Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 =
(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

Here 𝑎 = 𝑥 and 𝑏 = (𝑥 − 𝑧)
= [𝑥 2 + (𝑥 − 𝑧)2 ][𝑥 + (𝑥 − 𝑧)][𝑥 − (𝑥 − 𝑧)]
= [𝑥 2 + (𝑥 − 𝑧)2 ][𝑥 + 𝑥 − 𝑧][𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑧]
= [𝑥 2 + (𝑥 − 𝑧)2 ][2𝑥 − 𝑧][𝑧]
Using (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏
Here 𝑎 = 𝑥 and 𝑏 = 𝑧
= [𝑥 2 + (𝑥 2 + 𝑧 2 − 2𝑥𝑧)][2𝑥 − 𝑧][𝑧]
= [𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑧 2 − 2𝑥𝑧][2𝑥 − 𝑧][𝑧]
= [2𝑥 2 + 𝑧 2 − 2𝑥𝑧][2𝑥 − 𝑧][𝑧]
= 𝑧(2𝑥 − 𝑧)(2𝑥 2 + 𝑧 2 − 2𝑥𝑧)
(v) 𝑎4 − 2𝑎2 𝑏 2 + 𝑏 4
= (𝑎2 )2 − 2𝑎2 𝑏 2 + (𝑏 2 )2
= (𝑎2 )2 + (𝑏 2 )2 − 2(𝑎2 × 𝑏 2 )
Using (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦
Here 𝑥 = 𝑎2 and 𝑦 = 𝑏 2
= (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )2
Using 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)
Here 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑦 = 𝑏
= [(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)]2
= (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 ( 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑎𝑏)𝑚 = 𝑎𝑚 × 𝑏 𝑚 )
5. Factorise the following expressions:
(i) 𝑝2 + 6𝑝 + 8
(ii) 𝑞 2 − 10𝑞 + 21
(iii) 𝑝2 + 6𝑝 − 16
Solution:
(I) 𝑝2 + 6𝑝 + 8
= 𝑝2 + 2𝑝 + 4𝑝 + 8(here 6p can be written as 2p + 4p)
= (𝑝2 + 2𝑝) + (4𝑝 + 8)
= 𝑝(𝑝 + 2) + 4(𝑝 + 2)

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Taking (𝑝 + 2) common,
= (𝑝 + 2)(𝑝 + 4)
(ii) 𝑞 2 − 10𝑞 + 21
= 𝑞 2 − 3𝑞 − 7𝑞 + 21 (here -10q can be written as- 3q – 7q)
= (𝑞 2 − 3𝑞) − (7𝑞 − 21)
= 𝑞(𝑞 − 3) − 7(𝑞 − 3)
Taking (𝑞 − 3) common,
= (𝑞 − 3)(𝑞 − 7)
(iii) 𝑝2 + 6𝑝 − 16
= 𝑝2 − 2𝑝 + 8𝑝 − 16(here, 6p can be written as -2p + 8p)
= (𝑝2 − 2𝑝) + (8𝑝 − 16)
= 𝑝(𝑝 − 2) + 8(𝑝 − 2)
Taking (𝑝 − 2) common
= (𝑝 − 2)(𝑝 + 8)
Exercise: 14.3
1. Carryout the following divisions.
(i) 28𝑥 4 ÷ 56𝑥
(ii) −36𝑦 3 ÷ 9𝑦 2
(iii) 66𝑝𝑞 2 𝑟 3 ÷ 11𝑞𝑟 2
(iv) 34𝑥 3 𝑦 3 𝑧 3 ÷ 51𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 3
(v) 12𝑎8 𝑏 8 ÷ (−6𝑎6 𝑏 4 )
Solution:
(i) 28𝑥 4 ÷ 56𝑥
28 𝑥 4
=
56 𝑥
28 𝑥 4
= ×
56 𝑥
1 4−1
𝑎𝑚
= ×𝑥 ( 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 )
2 𝑎
1
= × 𝑥3
2

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1 3
= 𝑥
2
(ii) −36𝑦 3 ÷ 9𝑦 2
−36𝑦 3
=
9𝑦 2
−36 𝑦 3
= × 2
9 𝑦
𝑎𝑚
= −4 × 𝑦 3−2 ( 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 )
𝑎
= −4𝑦
(iii) 66𝑝𝑞 2 𝑟 3 ÷ 11𝑞𝑟 2
66𝑝𝑞 2 𝑟 3
=
11𝑞𝑟 2
66 𝑞2 𝑟 3
= ×𝑝× × 2
11 𝑞 𝑟

2−1 3−2
𝑎𝑚
=6×𝑝×𝑞 ×𝑟 ( 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 )
𝑎
=6×𝑝×𝑞×𝑟
= 6𝑝𝑞𝑟
(iv) 34𝑥 3 𝑦 3 𝑧 3 ÷ 51𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 3
34𝑥 3 𝑦 3 𝑧 3
=
51𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 3
34 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 𝑧 3
= × × ×
51 𝑥 𝑦 2 𝑧 3
2 𝑎𝑚
= × 𝑥 3−1 × 𝑦 3−2 × 𝑧 3−3 ( 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 )
3 𝑎
2
= × 𝑥2 × 𝑦 × 𝑧0
3
2
= × 𝑥2 × 𝑦 × 1
3
2
= 𝑥2𝑦
3
(v) 12𝑎8 𝑏 8 ÷ (−6𝑎6 𝑏 4 )

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12𝑎8 𝑏 8
=
−6𝑎6 𝑏 4
12 𝑎8 𝑏 8
= × ×
−6 𝑎6 𝑏 4
8−6 8−4
𝑎𝑚
= −2 × 𝑎 ×𝑏 ( 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 )
𝑎
= −2 × 𝑎2 × 𝑏 4
= −2𝑎2 𝑏 4
2. (Method 1:) Separating each term
Divide the given polynomial by the given monomial.
(i) (5𝑥 2 − 6𝑥) ÷ 3𝑥
Solution:
5𝑥 2 − 6𝑥
Taking 𝑥 common,
= 𝑥(5𝑥 − 6)
5𝑥 2 −6𝑥 𝑥(5𝑥−6)
 =
3𝑥 3𝑥

𝑥 5𝑥 − 6
= ×
𝑥 3
5𝑥 − 6
=
3
(Method 2:) Cancelling the terms
Divide the given polynomial by the given monomial.
(i) (5𝑥 2 − 6𝑥) ÷ 3𝑥
Solution:
5𝑥 2 − 6𝑥
3𝑥
5𝑥 2 6𝑥
= −
3𝑥 3𝑥
5 𝑥2 6 𝑥
=( × )−( × )
3 𝑥 3 𝑥
5
= ( × 𝑥) − 2
3

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

5
= 𝑥−2
3
5𝑥 − (2 × 3) 5𝑥 − 6
= =
3 3
(ii) (Method 1:)
Divide the given polynomial by the given monomial.
(ii) (3𝑦 8 − 4𝑦 6 + 5𝑦 4 ) ÷ 𝑦 4
Solution:
3𝑦 8 − 4𝑦 6 + 5𝑦 4
= (3𝑦 4 × 𝑦 4 ) − (4𝑦 2 × 𝑦 4 ) + (5 × 𝑦 4 )
Taking 𝑦 4 common
= 𝑦 4 (3𝑦 4 − 4𝑦 2 + 5)
3𝑦 8 −4𝑦 6 +5𝑦 4
 𝑦4

𝑦 4 (3𝑦 4 − 4𝑦 4 + 5)
=
𝑦4
= 3𝑦 4 − 4𝑦 2 + 5
(Method 2:)
Divide the given polynomial by the given monomial.
(ii) (3𝑦 8 − 4𝑦 6 + 5𝑦 4 ) ÷ 𝑦 4
Solution:
3𝑦 8 − 4𝑦 6 + 5𝑦 4
𝑦4
3𝑦 8 4𝑦 6 5𝑦 4
= − 4 + 4
𝑦4 𝑦 𝑦
𝑎𝑚
= 3 × 𝑦 8−4 − 4 × 𝑦 6−4 + 5 × 𝑦 4−4 ( 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 )
𝑎
= 3 × 𝑦 4 − 4 × 𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 0
= 3𝑦 4 − 4𝑦 2 + 5(𝑎0 = 1)
(iii) (Method 1:)
Divide the given polynomial by the given monomial.

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8(𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 3 ) ÷ 4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2
Solution:
8(𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 3 )
= 8(𝑥 × 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 ) + (𝑦 × 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 ) + (𝑧 × 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 )
Taking 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 common
= 8𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)
8(𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 +𝑥 2 𝑦3 𝑧 2 +𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 3 )
 4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2

8𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)
=
4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2
8 𝑥2𝑦2𝑧2
= × 2 2 2 × (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)
4 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
= 2 × (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)
= 2(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)
(Method 2:)
Divide the given polynomial by the given monomial.
(iii) 8(𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 3 ) ÷ 4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2
Solution:
8(𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 3 )
=
4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2
8𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 8𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 2 8𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 3
= + +
4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2
= 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧
Taking 2 common
= 2(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)
(iv) (Method 1:)
Divide the given polynomial by the given monomial.
(iv) (𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥) ÷ 2𝑥
Solution:
𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 = (𝑥 2 × 𝑥) + (2𝑥 × 𝑥) + (3 × 𝑥)

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

Taking 𝑥 common,
= 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)
𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥
⇒
2𝑥
𝑥(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)
=
2𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3
= ×
𝑥 2
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3
=
2
1
= (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)
2
(Method 2:)
Divide the given polynomial by the given monomial.
(iv) (𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥) ÷ 2𝑥
Solution:
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3
2𝑥
𝑥 3 2𝑥 2 3𝑥
= + +
2𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥
1 𝑥3 2 𝑥2 3 𝑥
=( × )+( × )+( × )
2 𝑥 2 𝑥 2 𝑥
1 3
= ( × 𝑥 2 ) + (1 × 𝑥) + ( × 1)
2 2
1 2 3
= 𝑥 +𝑥+
2 2
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3
=
2
1
= (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)
2
(v) (Method 1:)
Divide the given polynomial by the given monomial.
(𝑝3 𝑞 6 − 𝑝6 𝑞 3 ) ÷ 𝑝3 𝑞 3

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

Solution:
𝑝3 𝑞 6 − 𝑝6 𝑞 3
= (𝑝3 𝑞 3 × 𝑞 3 ) − (𝑝3 𝑞 3 × 𝑝3 )
Taking 𝑝3 𝑞 3 common,
= 𝑝3 𝑞 3 (𝑞 3 − 𝑝3 )
𝑝3 𝑞 6 − 𝑝6 𝑞 3
⇒
𝑝3 𝑞 3
𝑝3 𝑞 3 (𝑞 3 − 𝑝3 )
=
𝑝3 𝑞 3
= 𝑞 3 − 𝑝3
(Method 2:)
Divide the given polynomial by the given monomial.
(v) (𝑝3 𝑞 6 − 𝑝6 𝑞 3 ) ÷ 𝑝3 𝑞 3
Solution:
𝑝3 𝑞 6 − 𝑝6 𝑞 3
𝑝3 𝑞 3
𝑝3 𝑞 6 𝑝6 𝑞 3
= −
𝑝3 𝑞 3 𝑝3 𝑞 3
𝑞 6 𝑝6
= −
𝑞 3 𝑝3
𝑎𝑚
= 𝑞 6−3 − 𝑝6−3 ( = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 )
𝑎𝑛
= 𝑞 3 − 𝑝3
3. Work out the following divisions.
(i) (10𝑥 − 25) ÷ 5
Solution:
10𝑥 − 25
= (5 × 2)𝑥 − (5 × 5)
Taking 5 common,
= 5(2𝑥 − 5)

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

10𝑥−25
Dividing,
5

5(2𝑥 − 5)
=
5
= (2𝑥 − 5)
(ii) (10𝑥 − 25) ÷ (2𝑥 − 5)
Solution:
10𝑥 − 25
= (5 × 2)𝑥 − (5 × 5)
Taking 5 common,
= 5(2𝑥 − 5)
(10𝑥−25)
Dividing, (2𝑥−5)

5(2𝑥 − 5)
=
(2𝑥 − 5)
=5
(iii) 10𝑦(6𝑦 + 21) ÷ 5(2𝑦 + 7)
Solution:
10𝑦(6𝑦 + 21)
= 10𝑦[(3 × 2)𝑦 + (3 × 7)]
Taking 3 common,
= 10𝑦 × 3(2𝑦 + 7)
10𝑦(6𝑦+21)
Dividing, 5(2𝑦+7)

10𝑦 × 3(2𝑦 + 7)
=
5 × (2𝑦 + 7)
10 (2𝑦 + 7)
=3× ×𝑦×
5 (2𝑦 + 7)
=3×2×𝑦×1
= 6𝑦
(iv) 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 (3𝑧 − 24) ÷ 27𝑥𝑦(𝑧 − 8)
Solution:

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9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 (3𝑧 − 24)
= 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 × [3𝑧 − (3 × 8)]
Taking 3 common,
= 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 × 3(𝑧 − 8)
= 27𝑥 2 𝑦 2 (𝑧 − 8)
9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 (3𝑧−24)
Dividing, 27𝑥𝑦(𝑧−8)

27𝑥 2 𝑦 2 (𝑧 − 8)
=
27𝑥𝑦(𝑧 − 8)
27 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 (𝑧 − 8)
= × × ×
27 𝑥 𝑦 (𝑧 − 8)
𝑎𝑚
= 1 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 1 ( 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 )
𝑎
= 𝑥𝑦
(v) 96 𝑎𝑏𝑐 (3𝑎 − 12)(5𝑏 − 30) ÷ 144 (𝑎 − 4)(𝑏 − 6)
Solution:
96 𝑎𝑏𝑐 (3𝑎 − 12)(5𝑏 − 30)
= 96 𝑎𝑏𝑐 (3𝑎 − (3 × 4))(5𝑏 − 30)
Taking 3 common,
= 96 𝑎𝑏𝑐 × 3(𝑎 − 4)(5𝑏 − 30)
= 288 𝑎𝑏𝑐 (𝑎 − 4)(5𝑏 − 30)
= 288 𝑎𝑏𝑐 (𝑎 − 4)(5𝑏 − 5 × 6)
Taking 5 common,
= 288 𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎 − 4) × 5(𝑏 − 6)
= 288 × 5 𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎 − 4)(𝑏 − 6)
= 1440 𝑎𝑏𝑐 (𝑎 − 4)(𝑏 − 6)
Dividing,
96 𝑎𝑏𝑐 (3𝑎 − 12)(5𝑏 − 30)
144(𝑎 − 4)(𝑏 − 6)
1440 𝑎𝑏𝑐 (𝑎 − 4)(𝑏 − 6)
=
144 (𝑎 − 4)(𝑏 − 6)

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1440 (𝑎 − 4) (𝑏 − 6)
= × 𝑎𝑏𝑐 × ×
144 (𝑎 − 4) (𝑏 − 6)
= 10 × 𝑎𝑏𝑐 × 1 × 1
= 10 𝑎𝑏𝑐
4. Divide as directed
(i) 5(2𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 + 5) ÷ (2𝑥 + 1)
Solution:
5(2𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 + 5) ÷ (2𝑥 + 1)
5(2𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 + 5)
(2𝑥 + 1)
= 5(3𝑥 + 5)
(ii) 26𝑥𝑦(𝑥 + 5)(𝑦 − 4) ÷ 13𝑥(𝑦 − 4)
Solution:
26𝑥𝑦(𝑥 + 5)(𝑦 − 4) ÷ 13𝑥(𝑦 − 4)
26𝑥𝑦(𝑥 + 5)(𝑦 − 4)
=
13𝑥(𝑦 − 4)
26𝑦(𝑥 + 5)
=
13
26
= × 𝑦(𝑥 + 5)
13
= 2 × 𝑦(𝑥 + 5)
= 2𝑦(𝑥 + 5)
(iii) 52𝑝𝑞𝑟(𝑝 + 𝑞)(𝑞 + 𝑟)(𝑟 + 𝑝) ÷ 104𝑝𝑞(𝑞 + 𝑟)(𝑟 + 𝑝)
Solution:
52𝑝𝑞𝑟(𝑝 + 𝑞)(𝑞 + 𝑟)(𝑟 + 𝑝) ÷ 104𝑝𝑞(𝑞 + 𝑟)(𝑟 + 𝑝)
52𝑝𝑞𝑟 (𝑝 + 𝑞 )(𝑞 + 𝑟)(𝑟 + 𝑝)
=
104𝑝𝑞(𝑞 + 𝑟)(𝑟 + 𝑝)
52 𝑝𝑞𝑟 (𝑞 + 𝑟) (𝑟 + 𝑝)
= × × (𝑝 + 𝑞) × ×
104 𝑝𝑞 (𝑞 + 𝑟) (𝑟 + 𝑝)
1
= × 𝑟 × (𝑝 + 𝑞) × 1 × 1
2

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

1
= 𝑟(𝑝 + 𝑞)
2
(iv) 20(𝑦 + 4)(𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 3) ÷ 5(𝑦 + 4)
Solution:
20(𝑦 + 4)(𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 3) ÷ 5(𝑦 + 4)
20(𝑦 + 4)(𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 3)
=
5(𝑦 + 4)
20 (𝑦 + 4)
× × (𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 3)
5 (𝑦 + 4)
= 4 × 1 × (𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 3)
= 4(𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 3)
(v) 𝑥(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3) ÷ 𝑥(𝑥 + 1)
Solution:
𝑥(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3) ÷ 𝑥(𝑥 + 1)
𝑥(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3)
=
𝑥(𝑥 + 1)
𝑥 𝑥+1
= ×( ) × (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3)
𝑥 𝑥+1
= 1 × 1 × (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3)
= (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3)
5. Factorise the expressions and divide them as directed.
(i) (𝑦 2 + 7𝑦 + 10) ÷ (𝑦 + 5)
Solution:
𝑦 2 + 7𝑦 + 10
= 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 5𝑦 + 10(here, the middle term can be split as7y = 2y + 5y)
= (𝑦 2 + 2𝑦) + (5𝑦 + 10)
= 𝑦(𝑦 + 2) + 5(𝑦 + 2)
Taking (𝑦 + 2) common,
= (𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 + 5)
Now, dividing

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

(𝑦 2 + 7𝑦 + 10) ÷ (𝑦 + 5)
𝑦 2 + 7𝑦 + 10
=
(𝑦 + 5)
(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 + 5)
=
(𝑦 + 5)
(𝑦 + 5)
= (𝑦 + 2) ×
(𝑦 + 5)
= (𝑦 + 2)
Hint: To split the middle term
We need to find two numbers whose
Sum = 7
Product = 10
Sum Product

1 and 10 11 10
2 and 5 7 10

So, we write 7𝑦 = 2𝑦 + 5𝑦
(ii) (𝑚2 − 14𝑚 − 32) ÷ (𝑚 + 2)
Solution:
𝑚2 − 14𝑚 − 32
= 𝑚2 + 2𝑚 − 16𝑚 − 32(here, the middle term can be split as −14𝑚 = 2𝑚 −
16𝑚)
= (𝑚2 + 2𝑚) − (16𝑚 + 32)
= 𝑚(𝑚 + 2) − 16(𝑚 + 2)
Taking (𝑚 + 2) common,
= (𝑚 + 2)(𝑚 − 16)
Now, dividing
(𝑚2 − 14𝑚 − 32) ÷ (𝑚 + 2)
𝑚2 − 14𝑚 − 32
=
(𝑚 + 2)
(𝑚 + 2)(𝑚 − 16)
=
(𝑚 + 2)

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

(𝑚 + 2)
= × (𝑚 − 16)
(𝑚 + 2)
= (𝑚 − 16)
Hint: To split the middle term
We need to find two numbers whose
Sum = −14
Product = −32
Sum Product

1 and −32 −31 −32

2 and −16 −14 −32

So, we write −14𝑚 = 2𝑚 − 16𝑚

(iii) (5𝑝2 − 25𝑝 + 20) ÷ (𝑝 − 1)
Solution:
5𝑝2 − 25𝑝 + 20
Taking 5 common,
= 5(𝑝2 − 5𝑝 + 4)
= 5(𝑝2 − 𝑝 − 4𝑝 + 4)(here, the middle term can be split as- 5p = - p – 4p)
= 5[(𝑝2 − 𝑝) − (4𝑝 − 4)]
5[𝑝(𝑝 − 1) − 4(𝑝 − 1)]
Taking (𝑝 − 1) common,
= 5(𝑝 − 1)(𝑝 − 4)
Now, dividing
(5𝑝2 − 25𝑝 + 20) ÷ (𝑝 + 1)
5𝑝2 − 25𝑝 + 20
=
(𝑝 − 1)
5(𝑝 − 1)(𝑝 − 4)
=
(𝑝 − 1)
(𝑝 − 1)
=5× × (𝑝 − 4)
(𝑝 − 1)
= 5(𝑝 − 4)

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

Hint: To split the middle term

We need to find two numbers whose
Sum = −5
Product = 4
Sum Product

−1 and −4 −5 4

So, we write −5𝑝 = −𝑝 − 4𝑝

(iv) 4𝑦𝑧(𝑧 2 + 6𝑧 − 16) ÷ 2𝑦(𝑧 + 8)
Solution:
4𝑦𝑧(𝑧 2 + 6𝑧 − 16)
= 4𝑦𝑧(𝑧 2 − 2𝑧 + 8𝑧 − 16)(here, the middle term can be split as6z = - 2z + 8z)
= 4𝑦𝑧[(𝑧 2 − 2𝑧) + (8𝑧 − 16)]
= 4𝑦𝑧[𝑧(𝑧 − 2) + 8(𝑧 − 2)]
Taking (𝑧 − 2) common,
= 4𝑦𝑧(𝑧 − 2)(𝑧 + 8)
Now, dividing
4𝑦𝑧(𝑧 2 + 6𝑧 − 16) ÷ 2𝑦(𝑧 + 8)
4𝑦𝑧(𝑧 − 2)(𝑧 + 8)
=
2𝑦(𝑧 + 8)
4 𝑦 (𝑧 + 8)
= × × 𝑧 × (𝑧 − 2) ×
2 𝑦 (𝑧 + 8)
= 2 × 𝑧 × (𝑧 − 2)
= 2𝑧(𝑧 − 2)
Hint: To split the middle term
We need to find two numbers whose
Sum = 6
Product = −16
Sum Product

−1 and 16 15 −16
−2 and 8 −15 −16

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

−2 and 8 6 −16

So, we write 6𝑧 = −2𝑧 + 8𝑧

(v) 5𝑝𝑞(𝑝2 − 𝑞 2 ) ÷ 2𝑝(𝑝 + 𝑞)
Solution:
5𝑝𝑞(𝑝2 − 𝑞 2 )
Using a2 − b2 = (a + b)(a − b)
Here a = p and b = q
= 5𝑝𝑞(𝑝 + 𝑞)(𝑝 − 𝑞)
Now, dividing
5𝑝𝑞(𝑝2 − 𝑞 2 ) ÷ 2𝑝(𝑝 + 𝑞)
5𝑝𝑞(𝑝2 − 𝑞 2 )
=
2𝑝(𝑝 + 𝑞)
5𝑝𝑞(𝑝 + 𝑞)(𝑝 − 𝑞)
=
2𝑝(𝑝 + 𝑞)
5 𝑝 (𝑝 + 𝑞)
= × ×𝑞× × (𝑝 − 𝑞)
2 𝑝 (𝑝 + 𝑞)
5
= × 𝑞 × (𝑝 − 𝑞)
2
5
= 𝑞(𝑝 − 𝑞)
2
(vi) 12𝑥𝑦(9𝑥 2 − 16𝑦 2 ) ÷ 4𝑥𝑦(3𝑥 + 4𝑦)
Solution:
12𝑥𝑦(9𝑥 2 − 16𝑦 2 )
= 12𝑥𝑦[(3𝑥)2 − (4𝑦)2 ]
Using a2 − b2 = (a + b)(a − b)
Here a = 3x and b = 4y
= 12𝑥𝑦(3𝑥 + 4𝑦)(3𝑥 − 4𝑦)
Now, dividing
12𝑥𝑦(9𝑥 2 − 16𝑦 2 ) ÷ 4𝑥𝑦(3𝑥 + 4𝑦)
12𝑥𝑦(9𝑥 2 − 16𝑦 2 )
=
4𝑥𝑦(3𝑥 + 4𝑦)

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Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Factorisation

12𝑥𝑦(3𝑥 + 4𝑦)(3𝑥 − 4𝑦)

=
4𝑥𝑦(3𝑥 + 4𝑦)
12 𝑥𝑦 (3𝑥 + 4𝑦)
= × × × (3𝑥 − 4𝑦)
4 𝑥𝑦 (3𝑥 + 4𝑦)
= 3(3𝑥 − 4𝑦)
(vii) 39𝑦 3 (50𝑦 2 − 98) ÷ 26𝑦 2 (5𝑦 + 7)
Solution:
39𝑦 3 (50𝑦 2 − 98)
= 39𝑦 3 (2 × 25𝑦 2 − 2 × 49)
Taking 2 common,
= 39𝑦 3 × 2(25𝑦 2 − 49)
= 78𝑦 3 (25𝑦 2 − 49)
= 78𝑦 3 [(5𝑦)2 − (7)2 ]
Using a2 − b2 = (a + b)(a − b)
Here a = 5y and b = 7
= 78𝑦 3 (5𝑦 − 7)(5𝑦 + 7)
Now, dividing
39𝑦 3 (50𝑦 2 − 98) ÷ 26𝑦 2 (5𝑦 + 7)
39𝑦 3 (50𝑦 2 − 98)
=
26𝑦 2 (5𝑦 + 7)
78𝑦 3 (5𝑦 + 7)(5𝑦 − 7)
=
26𝑦 2 (5𝑦 + 7)
78 𝑦 3 (5𝑦 + 7)
= × × × (5𝑦 − 7)
26 𝑦 2 (5𝑦 + 7)
= 3 × 𝑦 × (5𝑦 − 7)
= 3𝑦(5𝑦 − 7)

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