A1

The Collatz Conjecture says if you start with any number and follow these steps, you'll always end up at 1

1. If the number is even, divide it by 2.

2. If the number is odd, multiply it by 3 and add 1.
3. Let's check for 100:
4. Start: 100 (even) → 100 ÷ 2 = 50
5. 50 (even) → 50 ÷ 2 = 25
6. 25 (odd) → 25 × 3 + 1 = 76
7. 76 (even) → 76 ÷ 2 = 38
8. 38 (even) → 38 ÷ 2 = 19
9. 19 (odd) → 19 × 3 + 1 = 58
10. 58 (even) → 58 ÷ 2 = 29
11. 29 (odd) → 29 × 3 + 1 = 88
12. 88 (even) → 88 ÷ 2 = 44
13. 44 (even) → 44 ÷ 2 = 22
14. 22 (even) → 22 ÷ 2 = 11
15. 11 (odd) → 11 × 3 + 1 = 34
16. 34 (even) → 34 ÷ 2 = 17
17. 17 (odd) → 17 × 3 + 1 = 52
18. 52 (even) → 52 ÷ 2 = 26
19. 26 (even) → 26 ÷ 2 = 13
20. 13 (odd) → 13 × 3 + 1 = 40
21. 40 (even) → 40 ÷ 2 = 20
22. 20 (even) → 20 ÷ 2 = 10
23. 10 (even) → 10 ÷ 2 = 5
24. 5 (odd) → 5 × 3 + 1 = 16
25. 16 (even) → 16 ÷ 2 = 8
26. 8 (even) → 8 ÷ 2 = 4
27. 4 (even) → 4 ÷ 2 = 2
28. 2 (even) → 2 ÷ 2 = 1

A2. Step 1: Understand the problem

 We need 5-digit numbers between 35,000 and 75,000 where all digits are odd.

 The odd digits are: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9.

Step 2: Find the largest and smallest numbers

 Smallest number: Start with the smallest odd digits for each place:

o Tens of thousands place: 3 (minimum to stay above 35,000)

o Remaining places: 1 (smallest odd digit)

o Smallest number = 31,111.

  Largest number: Start with the largest odd digits for each place:

o Tens of thousands place: 7 (maximum to stay below 75,000)

o Remaining places: 9 (largest odd digit)

o Largest number = 79,999.

Step 3: Find the number closest to 50,000

 The closest number must be between 49,999 and 50,000.

 A valid number below 50,000 is 49,999 because all digits are odd and it’s closest to 50,000.

Final Answer:

 Largest number: 79,999

 Smallest number: 31,111

 Closest to 50,000: 49,999

A4. Round 1:

 Digits of 5683: Descending = 8653, Ascending = 3568

 Subtract: 8653−3568=50858653 - 3568 = 50858653−3568=5085

Round 2:

 Digits of 5085: Descending = 8550, Ascending = 0558

 Subtract: 8550−0558=79928550 - 0558 = 79928550−0558=7992

Round 3:

 Digits of 7992: Descending = 9972, Ascending = 2799

 Subtract: 9972−2799=71739972 - 2799 = 71739972−2799=7173

Round 4:

 Digits of 7173: Descending = 7731, Ascending = 1377

 Subtract: 7731−1377=63547731 - 1377 = 63547731−1377=6354

Round 5:

 Digits of 6354: Descending = 6543, Ascending = 3456

  Subtract: 6543−3456=30876543 - 3456 = 30876543−3456=3087

Round 6:

 Digits of 3087: Descending = 8730, Ascending = 0378

 Subtract: 8730−0378=83528730 - 0378 = 83528730−0378=8352

Round 7:

 Digits of 8352: Descending = 8532, Ascending = 2358

 Subtract: 8532−2358=61748532 - 2358 = 61748532−2358=6174

Final Answer:

The number 5683 takes 7 rounds to reach the Kaprekar constant 6174.

A5. Step 1: Understand 5-digit palindromes

A 5-digit palindrome has the form abcba, where the first and last digits are the same, and the second
and fourth digits are the same.

Step 2: Smallest and largest 5-digit palindromes

 Smallest 5-digit palindrome: 100011000110001 (smallest number with this form).

 Largest 5-digit palindrome: 999999999999999 (largest number with this form).

Step 3: Sum and difference

 Sum: 10001+99999=11000010001 + 99999 = 11000010001+99999=110000

 Difference: 99999−10001=8999899999 - 10001 = 8999899999−10001=89998

Final Answer:

 Sum: 110,000110,000110,000

 Difference: 89,99889,99889,998

Chapter: data handling

A1. Here are the outcomes of 35 die rolls and their frequencies in a table:

Frequency
Die Face

1 5
 Frequency
Die Face

2 8

3 6

4 1

5 10

6 5

A2. (a) What is the number of persons employed in government service?

 Answer: 30,000 persons.

(b) How many more persons were employed in government service than in private service?

 Difference = 30,000−18,000=12,00030,000 - 18,000 = 12,00030,000−18,000=12,000.

 Answer: 12,000 more persons.

(c) In which service were the maximum number of persons employed?

 The Government service has the highest number of persons (30,000).

 Answer: Government service.

A3. Data Analysis:

We will represent the data with a pictograph. Let each picture of a child represent 500 children. Based
on this, we calculate the number of symbols for each colony:

Colony Children Symbols (Each = 500 Children)

A 2250 2250/500 = 4.55002250=4.5

B 1500 1500/500 = =3

C 2000 2000/500 ==4

D 1250 1250/500 = 2.55001250=2.5

E 1000 1000/500 =2

F 1500 1500/500 =3
Pictograph Representation:

 Each 👶 = 500 children.

Colony Number of Children Pictograph

A 2250 👶👶👶👶½

B 1500 👶👶👶

C 2000 👶👶👶👶

D 1250 👶👶½

E 1000 👶👶

F 1500 👶👶👶

A4. (i) What is the information given by the bar graph?

 The bar graph shows the temperature (in °C) at different times of the day.

(ii) At what time was the temperature the lowest?

 The lowest temperature is 5°C at 12:00 AM.

(iii) At what time was it the highest?

 The highest temperature is 30°C at 2:00 PM.

(iv) At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, there was a thunderstorm. How is this borne out by the graph?

 The graph shows a sudden drop in temperature from 30°C at 2:00 PM to 10°C at 4:00 PM,
indicating a thunderstorm.

(v) Using the maximum and minimum temperatures, find the average temperature for the day.

 Maximum temperature = 30°C

 Minimum temperature = 5°C

 Average temperature = Max+Min2=30+52=17.5∘C\frac{\text{Max} + \text{Min}}{2} = \frac{30 +

5}{2} = 17.5^\circ C2Max+Min=230+5=17.5∘C.
(vi) What is the scale chosen on the vertical line representing the temperature?

 The temperature scale increments by 2.5°C for each division.

A5. Do by your self

Chapter – Prime table

A2. (1) HCF of two consecutive even numbers:

Let the two consecutive even numbers be n and n + 2.

 The HCF of two consecutive even numbers is always 2 because they differ by 2 (the smallest
prime factor of even numbers is always 2).

So, the HCF of two consecutive even numbers is 2.

(2) LCM of two prime numbers:

Let the two prime numbers be p1 and p2.

 The LCM of two prime numbers is the product of the two numbers because prime numbers have
no common factors other than 1.

So, the LCM of two prime numbers p1 and p2 is p1 × p2.

For example:

 If we take 3 and 5 (prime numbers),

LCM = 3 × 5 = 15.

A3. (a) 14560

1. Divisibility by 2: A number is divisible by 2 if its last digit is even.

o Last digit = 0 → Divisible by 2.

2. Divisibility by 3: Sum of digits → 1+4+5+6+0=161 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 0 = 161+4+5+6+0=16

o 16 is divisible by 3 → Divisible by 3.

3. Divisibility by 4: Last two digits form a number that is divisible by 4 → 60

o 60 is divisible by 4 → Divisible by 4.

4. Divisibility by 5: A number is divisible by 5 if its last digit is 0.

o Last digit = 0 → Divisible by 5.

5. Divisibility by 6: Must be divisible by both 2 and 3.

o 14560 satisfies both → Divisible by 6.

6. Divisibility by 7:
 o 14560÷7=208014560 ÷ 7 = 208014560÷7=2080 (exact division) → Divisible by 7.

7. Divisibility by 8: Last three digits form a number divisible by 8 → 560

o 560 is divisible by 8 → Divisible by 8.

8. Divisibility by 9: Sum of digits → 1+4+5+6+0=161 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 0 = 161+4+5+6+0=16

o 16 is divisible by 9 → Divisible by 9.

(b) 726352

1. Divisibility by 2: Last digit = 2 → Divisible by 2.

2. Divisibility by 3: Sum of digits → 7+2+6+3+5+2=257 + 2 + 6 + 3 + 5 + 2 = 257+2+6+3+5+2=25

o 25 is not divisible by 3 → Not divisible by 3.

3. Divisibility by 4: Last two digits = 52

o 52 is not divisible by 4 → Not divisible by 4.

4. Divisibility by 5: Last digit = 2 → Not divisible by 5.

5. Divisibility by 6: Must satisfy both 2 and 3.

o Fails divisibility by 3 → Not divisible by 6.

6. Divisibility by 7:

o 726352÷7=10362726352 ÷ 7 = 10362726352÷7=10362 (exact division) → Divisible by 7.

7. Divisibility by 8: Last three digits = 352

o 352 is not divisible by 8 → Not divisible by 8.

8. Divisibility by 9: Sum of digits → 7+2+6+3+5+2=257 + 2 + 6 + 3 + 5 + 2 = 257+2+6+3+5+2=25

o 25 is not divisible by 9 → Not divisible by 9.

(c) 12159

1. Divisibility by 2: Last digit = 9 → Not divisible by 2.

2. Divisibility by 3: Sum of digits → 1+2+1+5+9=181 + 2 + 1 + 5 + 9 = 181+2+1+5+9=18

o 18 is divisible by 3 → Divisible by 3.

3. Divisibility by 4: Last two digits = 59

o 59 is not divisible by 4 → Not divisible by 4.

4. Divisibility by 5: Last digit = 9 → Not divisible by 5.

 5. Divisibility by 6: Must satisfy both 2 and 3.

o Fails divisibility by 2 → Not divisible by 6.

6. Divisibility by 7:

o 12159÷7=173712159 ÷ 7 = 173712159÷7=1737 (exact division) → Divisible by 7.

7. Divisibility by 8: Last three digits = 159

o 159 is not divisible by 8 → Not divisible by 8.

8. Divisibility by 9: Sum of digits → 1+2+1+5+9=181 + 2 + 1 + 5 + 9 = 181+2+1+5+9=18

o 18 is divisible by 9 → Divisible by 9.

(d) 12150

1. Divisibility by 2: Last digit = 0 → Divisible by 2.

2. Divisibility by 3: Sum of digits → 1+2+1+5+0=91 + 2 + 1 + 5 + 0 = 91+2+1+5+0=9

o 9 is divisible by 3 → Divisible by 3.

3. Divisibility by 4: Last two digits = 50

o 50 is divisible by 4 → Divisible by 4.

4. Divisibility by 5: Last digit = 0 → Divisible by 5.

5. Divisibility by 6: Must satisfy both 2 and 3.

o 12150 satisfies both → Divisible by 6.

6. Divisibility by 7:

o 12150÷7=173512150 ÷ 7 = 173512150÷7=1735 (exact division) → Divisible by 7.

7. Divisibility by 8: Last three digits = 150

o 150 is divisible by 8 → Divisible by 8.

8. Divisibility by 9: Sum of digits → 1+2+1+5+0=91 + 2 + 1 + 5 + 0 = 91+2+1+5+0=9

o 9 is divisible by 9 → Divisible by 9.

(e) 639210

1. Divisibility by 2: Last digit = 0 → Divisible by 2.

2. Divisibility by 3: Sum of digits → 6+3+9+2+1+0=216 + 3 + 9 + 2 + 1 + 0 = 216+3+9+2+1+0=21

o 21 is divisible by 3 → Divisible by 3.
 3. Divisibility by 4: Last two digits = 10

o 10 is not divisible by 4 → Not divisible by 4.

4. Divisibility by 5: Last digit = 0 → Divisible by 5.

5. Divisibility by 6: Must satisfy both 2 and 3.

o 639210 satisfies both → Divisible by 6.

6. Divisibility by 7:

o 639210÷7=91030639210 ÷ 7 = 91030639210÷7=91030 (exact division) → Divisible by 7.

7. Divisibility by 8: Last three digits = 210

o 210 is divisible by 8 → Divisible by 8.

8. Divisibility by 9: Sum of digits → 6+3+9+2+1+0=216 + 3 + 9 + 2 + 1 + 0 = 216+3+9+2+1+0=21

o 21 is divisible by 9 → Divisible by 9.

A4. (a) Express 71 as the sum of three odd primes

We know that every odd number can be expressed as the sum of three odd primes.

1. Prime numbers less than or equal to 71:

3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71.

2. Select three odd primes whose sum is 71:

o 3 + 19 + 49 = 71.

So, 71 = 3 + 19 + 49.

(b) Express 24 as the sum of twin primes

Twin primes are pairs of prime numbers that differ by 2.

1. List of twin primes under 24:

o (3, 5), (5, 7), (11, 13), (17, 19).

2. The pair that sums to 24:

o 11 + 13 = 24.

(c) Prime numbers between 70 and 90

1. The prime numbers between 70 and 90 are:

o 71, 73, 79, 83, 89.

A5. Determine HCF by Prime Factorization Method

(a) HCF of 36 and 84

1. Prime factorization of 36:

36=22×3236 = 2² × 3²36=22×32

2. Prime factorization of 84:

84=22×32×784 = 2² × 3² × 784=22×32×7

3. Common prime factors: 2 and 3

HCF = 22×32=362² × 3² = 3622×32=36

(b) HCF of 34 and 102

1. Prime factorization of 34:

34=2×1734 = 2 × 1734=2×17

2. Prime factorization of 102:

102=2×3×17102 = 2 × 3 × 17102=2×3×17

3. Common prime factors: 2 and 17

HCF = 2×17=342 × 17 = 342×17=34

(c) HCF of 27 and 63

1. Prime factorization of 27:

27=3327 = 3³27=33

2. Prime factorization of 63:

63=32×763 = 3² × 763=32×7

3. Common prime factor: 3

HCF = 32=93² = 932=9

(ii) Determine LCM by Prime Factorization Method

(a) LCM of 16, 24, 40

1. Prime factorizations:
16=2416 = 2⁴16=24
 24=24×324 = 2⁴ × 324=24×3
40=23×540 = 2³ × 540=23×5

2. LCM = 24×3×5=2402⁴ × 3 × 5 = 24024×3×5=240

(b) LCM of 18, 24, 32

1. Prime factorizations:
18=22×3218 = 2² × 3²18=22×32
24=23×324 = 2³ × 324=23×3
32=2532 = 2⁵32=25

2. LCM = 25×32=2882⁵ × 3² = 28825×32=288

(c) LCM of 32, 56, 46

1. Prime factorizations:
32=2532 = 2⁵32=25
56=23×756 = 2³ × 756=23×7
46=2×2346 = 2 × 2346=2×23

2. LCM = 25×7×23=40322⁵ × 7 × 23 = 403225×7×23=4032

Chapter :- Area and P

A1. (a) Perimeter is the distance around the figure.

(b) Perimeter of a square = 4 × side length.

(c) Perimeter ÷ 4 = side length of a square.

(d) Perimeter of a regular pentagon is 125 cm. What is the length of the side?

 The perimeter of a regular pentagon = 5 × side length.

 Side length = 1255=25\frac{125}{5} = 255125=25 cm.

(e) Length of the rectangle = Perimeter ÷ 2(b + l) (where b = breadth, l = length).

Chapter – Sports and Games

A1. Formula for the area of a rectangle:

Area=Length×Width\text{Area} = \text{Length} \times \text{Width}Area=Length×Width

Substitute the given values:

 Length = 120 meters

 Width = 80 meters

Area=120×80=9600 square meters\text{Area} = 120 \times 80 = 9600 \text{ square

meters}Area=120×80=9600 square meters

So, the area of the rectangular field is 9600 square meters.

A2. Let’s assume the scores for the last five matches are as follows:

Match Score

Match 1 78

Match 2 85

Match 3 92

Match 4 70

Match 5 88

A3. Let the number of 3-pointers be x and the number of 2-pointers be y.

We are given:

 Each 3-pointer is worth 3 points.

 Each 2-pointer is worth 2 points.
 The total score is 15 points.

The equations based on the given points are:

3x+2y=15

Also, since these are counts of shots, both x and y must be non-negative integers.

Step-by-Step:

From the equation 3x+2y=15

 Solving for x:

3x=15−2y, x=15−2y/3
15−2y should be divisible by 3.

 Testing values for y:

3(5−y)=15

If y=5

3x+2(5)=15 ⟹ 3x=5

Solution:

 3-pointers: 5
 2-pointers: 5

The player made 5 three-pointers and 5 two-pointers.

A4. Basketball Hoop

 Height: 10 feet or 3.05 meters.

2. Cricket Stumps

 Height: 1.07 meters.

3. Football Goalposts

 Height: 2.44 meters.

Comparison:

 Basketball hoop: 3.05 meters

 Cricket stumps: 1.07 meters
 Football goalposts: 2.44 meters

The highest structure is the basketball hoop, standing at 3.05 meters.

A5. Let’s break down the problem:

1. Distance of 1 lap: 400 meters

 2. Number of laps per day: 5
3. Total days: 10

Step 1: Calculate the distance run per day.

Distance per day=5×400=2000m =2 kilometers.

Step 2: Calculate the total distance for 10 days.

Total distance=2 kilometers/day×10 = 20 kilometers.

Total distance run: 20 kilometers.