Experiment No: 01
Experiment Name: Fundamentals of Digital Multimeter and Resistors
OBJECTIVE:
This experiment is done to measure the resistance of a
resistor using a digital multimeter.
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:
Digital Multimeter.
Resistors connecting wires.
Breadboard.
Digital Multimeter:
Digital multimeter is measuring instruments that can
measure quantities such as voltage, current and
resistance. The standard and basic measurements of
amps, volts and ohms. Apart from that, these digital
multimeters perform many additional measurements by
using digital and logic technology which may include
temperature, frequency, continuity, capacitance etc.
Function of digital multimeter:
1. LCD Display: Shows the measured value
digitally.
2. Selector/ Rotatory Switch:
.1.The first is OFF. The meter should always be
returned to this position when not in use.
.2.The V marking is for measuring AC voltage (V~) and
DC voltage (V
.3.The Ω marking is for measuring resistance.
.4. The A marking is for measuring AC current (A~) and
DC current (A
3. Probes: All the multimeter has two probes, one of
red colour and another of black colour. The black
colour probe is used as common or negative probe
while red probe is used as positive probe.
4. Common (Negative) Jack: This jack has mark
with term ‘COM’ and used to connect the black
probe as shown in diagram below. This probe is
required for all measurements and test.
5. Positive Jack: This jack is marked with sign of
voltage (V), resistance (Ω) and current (mA) and
used to connect the red probe.
6. Resistance Range: Ohm meter function often
used to test fuses. A sign of omega is used to
represent the block of multimeter used for
measurement of resistance. In this block Omega
sign is termed as Ohm and ‘k’ represents range of
kilo-ohm.
.
Figure: Digital Multimeter
Resistor:
A resistor is an electrical component with
two terminals that stops the flow of electric
current in electrical circuits. The main
purpose of resistor is to reduce the current
flow and to lower the voltage in any
particular portion of the circuit.
There are three types of resistors such as fixed resistors, variable
resistors and special resistors.
Fixed Resistors: These resistors have a constant
resistance value. Here are some example of fixed resistors.
Figure 01: Type of fixed resistors
Variable Resistors: These resistors allow adjustment of
resistance. Here are some examples of variable resistors.
Figure 02: Types of variable resistors
Special Resistors: Special resistors are electronic
components designed for specific applications and
environmental conditions. Here are some examples of
special resistors.
Figure 03: Types of special resistors
Color Code:
Resistors have their colour bands to indicate their resistance
value and tolerance.
Uses of Resistors:
They are used in devices that convert electrical energy into
heat or other forms of energy.
They are used in conducting wires.
They are used in light bulbs to increase their lifespan and
also to control temperature.
They are also used in loudspeakers and other electronic
devices.
They are also used in electric heaters, stoves and ovens.
Measure the resistance of a Resistor using Digital Multimeter:
Procedure:
1. Take a good working digital multimeter and a resistor.
2. Turn on the digital multimeter.
3. Select the resistance measurement mode. If the
resistors expected value is 1 Ω, select a range on
multimeter higher than 1Ω.
4. Connect the multimeter to the resistors terminal and
observe the reading displayed on multimeter.
5. Note down the resistance value of the resistor along
with units.
6. Repeat the measurement multiple times, as the
multimeter readings may vary.
7. Take an average value.
8. Turn off the multimeter after taking the values.
Data Collection:
Measurement No. Measured resistance(Ω)
01 999
02 996
03 1000
04 997
Data Calculation:
For calculation accuracy we have measured the resistor four
times and now will count an average of the values
Average Resistance= (999+996+1000+997)/4 = 998Ω
Precaution:
a. First of all we have to check if the multimeter is okay or
not.
b. Take a resistor which is not connected to any kind of
circuits.
c. Try to measure several times to check the accuracy.
d. If the value of resistance is already known then check
the value after measuring.
Conclusion:
The measured resistance of the resistor about 998Ω.
