Project Name:
Pulse Code Modulation App
Submitted By
Name & ID :
Mohith Bin Masud (20200105043)
Section:A2
Course No: EEE3208
Dept :EEE
Pulse Code Modulation
A method used in digital communication for converting analog
signals into digital data. In PCM, the analog signal is sampled at
regular intervals, and each sample's amplitude is quantized into
a binary code.
• PCM converts analog signals to digital format.
• Regular interval sampling of the analog signal.
• Each sample's amplitude is represented as binary code.
Slide Title
Pulse Code Modulation process
involves three main steps:
• Sampling
• Quantization
• Coding
PCM enables the conversion of analog signals into digital format,
allowing accurate representation, noise reduction, and efficient
transmission in various applications such as digital audio and
communication systems.
Sampling
• The process of measuring the amplitude of a
continuous-time signal at discrete instants.
• Analog signal is sampled every T, sec.
• T is referred to as the sampling interval.
• f = 1/T, is called the sampling rate or sampling
frequency.
Quantizing
• The process of rounding of the sample value to the
nearest quantization level.
• This method of sampling chooses a few points on the
analog signal and then these points are joined to round
off the value to a near stabilized value.
➢ Quantization error is the difference between the analog signal and the closest
available digital value at each sampling instant from the A/D converter.
Encoding
• The quantized values are represented as binary digits (bits) for
digital transmission or storage. This step creates a series of
numbers that represent the original analog signal.
For example : 5 binary is 0101……….
Graph
BIT RATE AND BANDWIDTH
REQUIREMENTS OF PCM
The bit rate of a PCM signal can be calculated form the number of bits per
sample x the sampling rate
Bit rate = n, x f
The bandwidth required to transmit this signal depends on the type of line
encoding used. Refer to previous section for discussion and formulas. A
digitized signal will always need more bandwidth than the original analog
signal. Price we pay for robustness and other features of digital transmission.
Pulse Code Modulation App
Interface
Input
➢ Amplitude as required
➢ Number of Bits
Output
➢ Analog Signal
➢ Sampling Signal
➢ Quantized Signal
➢ Encoded Signal
➢ Decoded Signal
Conclusion
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is a vital technique converting analog signals to digital
format. It samples analog signals at intervals, quantizing each sample into binary
code. This ensures precise representation, high-quality transmission, and
compatibility with systems. PCM is extensively used in digital audio, communication,
and data digitization, preserving signal integrity and reducing noise through
encoding. By digitizing analog data like audio and video, PCM plays a crucial role in
modern tech for efficient, reliable data transmission.
