Exponents ∙ Radicals ∙ Logarithms
Basic Algebra 1
Bridge Course
Laws of Indices
1. an = a × a × a × a … ¬ n factors of a
2. (am)n = amn
3. am × an = am + n
4. am / an = am – n
5. (abc)n = an × bn × cn
6. (a / b)n = an / bn
7. a–n = 1 / an
8. a1/n = see radicals
Properties of Radicals
𝒏
1. a1/n = 𝒂
𝒏 𝒎
2. am/n = 𝒂𝒎 = 𝒏
𝒂
𝒏 𝒏
3. 𝒂 =a
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏
4. 𝒂 # 𝒃 = 𝒂𝒃
𝒏 𝒏
5. 𝒏
𝒂 / 𝒃 = 𝒂/𝒃
Properties of Logarithm 8. log10 x = log x
1. If y = bx , then logb y = x Common logarithm
2. logb (xy) = logb x + logb y 9. loge x = ln x
Natural logarithm
3. logb (x/y) = logb x – logb y Napierian logarithm
&
4. logb xn = n logb x 1
𝑒=(
5. logb x = logb y , then x = y 𝑛−1 !
#$%
6. logb 1 = 0
7. logb b = 1
Example 1
𝒙𝟐
Solve for 𝒙 if 𝟓 = 𝟔𝟐𝟓.
A. ± 2 B. ± 3 C. ± 4 D. ± 1
Example 2
Find the value of x in (3^5)(9^6) = 3^(2x).
A. 8.5 B. 9 C. 9.5 D. 8
Example 3
If log8 x = -n, then x is equal to:
A. 8n C. 1/8n
B. 1/8–n D. 81/n
Example 4
Solve for y if y = ln (ex / ex – 2).
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Example 5
If 8x = y then what is 25x – 3 equal to in terms of y?
𝟏 𝟓/𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐
A. 𝒚 C. 𝒚 𝒚
𝟖 𝟖
𝟏 𝟑
B. 𝒚𝟓 D. All of these
𝟖
Example 5
If 8x = y then what is 25x – 3 equal to in terms of y?
𝟏 𝟓/𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐
A. 𝒚 C. 𝒚 𝒚
𝟖 𝟖
𝟏 𝟑
B. 𝒚𝟓 D. All of these
𝟖
Example 6
Solve for log y: log 2y^3 + log(6/y) = 6.278
A. 2.6 C. 5.8
B. 125.47 D. 397.57
Example 7
Solve for x + m + n from the following equations:
xm xn = 100,000; xmn = 1,000,000; xm / xn = 10
A. 15 B. 10 C. 20 D. 25
Example 8
Given loga 2 = x, loga 5 = y, and loga 6 = z, express
loga 0.15 in terms of x, y, and z.
A. 3z / x2 y C. z − 3x − y
B. x − 3y + z D. x2 / 3yz
End of Lecture
Thank You
