Assignment # 2: Components
Familiarization
Name: CAIRO, Christian D.
Subj-Sec: AMTE 116L - 5B-G1
Research at least 20 reciprocating engine components.
CRANKSHAFT
- Is a backbone of a reciprocating engine. The main purpose of this is to transform
the piston and connecting rod into rotary motion. It is made of a strong alloy such
as chromium-nickel molybdenum steel. It consists of a main bearing journal, one
or more crankpins and several crank cheeks.
CAMSHAFT
- A camshaft is a rod which rotates and slides against a piece of machinery in
order to turn rotational motion into linear motion. This change of motion is
accomplished by the camshaft moving further and closer from the axis of rotation
as the camshaft is pushed by the machinery. It consists of several radial cams,
each displacing intake or exhaust valves. This camshaft is connected to the
crankshaft via belt, chain or gears. This ensures consistent timing of the valves in
relation to the motion of the pistons.
CRANKCASE
- It is the foundation of a reciprocating engine. Provides a tight enclosure for the
lubricating oil. Contains integral engine parts. Mounting surface for the engine
cylinders and external accessories. It's extremely rigid, light and strong and cast
or forged aluminum alloy.
CONNECTING ROD
- The link winch transmits the force exerted on a piston to a crankshaft. Made of
forged durable steel alloy. One end of a connecting rod connects to the crankpin
end, while the other end connects to the piston is called piston end.
PISTON
- is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors,
hydraulic cylinders and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. It
is the moving component that is contained by a cylinder and is made gas-tight by
piston rings. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in
the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod.
EXHAUST VALVE
- is a valve that releases burned gases from a cylinder. The exhaust valve closes
during the initial part of the induction stroke. The inlet valve usually opens a little
before top dead center and the exhaust valve remains open a little after top dead
center.
INTAKE VALVE
- is a valve that controls the amount of working fluid entering the cylinder of an
engine. The variable valve timing meant that one intake valve was opened fully
while the second was opened only slightly.
PISTON RINGS
- The piston rings act to carry heat away from the hot piston into the cooled
cylinder wall/block of the engine. Heat energy flows from the piston groove into
the piston ring and then into the cylinder wall, where it eventually will be
transferred into the engine coolant.
VALVE TAPPET HYDRAULIC UNIT
- the valve tappet is a very small part that helps the camshaft on its function of
opening the intake and pressure relief valves of the engine.
PUSH ROD
- A push rod is a part of an internal combustion engine that rests in the top of a
valve lifter and goes up into the rocker arm. As the lifter follows the cam lobe, the
push rod actuates the rocker arm and moves the valve, opening and closing it to
allow fuel and air in and exhaust out of the combustion chamber.
ROCKER ARM
- The rocker arm is the part responsible for transmitting the movement of the
camshaft towards the intake and exhaust valves of the engine, a process that
occurs through the direct contact of these parts with the tappets and according to
the movement of the shaft.
PISTON PIN
The piston pin is the link between the piston and the connecting rod. Due to the
oscillating motion of the piston and the interaction of gas and inertial forces, it is
subjected to high loads in alternating directions.
CRANKSHAFT GEAR
- The crankshaft gear drives two different intermediate gears: one intermediate
gear transmits power to the camshaft gear, which in turn drives the valve
mechanism via the camshaft. This ensures opening and closing of the valves.
CARBURETOR
- is a mechanical device that makes use of the principle of a venturi to atomize
liquid fuel and mix it with air in the correct ratio for optimum combustion. This
mixture is then sent to the engine intake manifold where it is combusted.
EXHAUST MANIFOLD GASKET
- the intake manifold gasket is a key component when it comes to ensuring that a
vehicle has enough fluid and air in the engine. The gasket is there to provide a
seal, preventing air or fluid from escaping.
AIR FILTER ASSEMBLY
- The purpose of the engine air filter is to prevent dust, dirt and other
environmental contaminants from getting into the engine. Over time, the air filter
becomes dirty and clogged, and will need to be replaced.
OIL SUMP
- The oil sump contains the engine oil required for lubrication. The oil is extracted
from it by an oil pump and conveyed into the engine block's oil ducts via the oil
filter. The oil then flows back into the oil sump from the lubrication points.
MAGNETO
- is an engine driven electrical generator that uses permanent magnets and coils
to produce high voltage to fire the aircraft spark plugs. Aircraft magnetos are
used in piston aircraft engines and known for their simplicity and reliability.
MAGNETO DISTRIBUTOR BLOCK
- A magneto is a combination of a distributor and generator built into one
unit. It is unlike a conventional distributor in that it creates its own spark
energy without external voltage. A series of rotating magnets break an
electrical field, this causes an electrical current in the coil's primary
windings.
CRANKCASE BREATHER ELBOW
- A crankcase ventilation system removes unwanted gases from the crankcase of
an internal combustion engine. The system usually consists of a tube, a one-way
valve and a vacuum source (such as the inlet manifold).
