Assignment: DSE B1
Astrophysics and
cosmology
Under the guidance of my professor, Dr. Partha Ghosh sir
PROBLEM ON COSMOLOGY
NAME : KOULICK CHAKRABORTY
SEMESTER : 5
ROLL NO. : 213144-21-0035
REGN NO. : 144-1111-0302-21
PROBLEM PROVIDED:
Consider a flat matter dominated universe with zero cosmological
constant. At a time te in the past, corresponding to a redshift z, a
galaxy emits a photon, which is received by a detector today (t0).
Find the explicit dependence of the expansion factor on time, R(t).
Express R(t) in terms of R0, t0 and t only. Also find the commoving
distance to a galaxy in this universe as a function of redshift.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: IT’S MY PLEASURE TO BE A PART
OF THE DSE CLASS UNDER PARTHA SIR WITHOUT WHOM I
GUESS QUALIFYING THE UNIVERSITY TEST WOULD BE A
MISERY. THE DEAREST AND RESPECTED angry professor
SAVED ME. THANK YOU SIR.
APPROACH TO THE SOLUTION:
Let R ( t e ) be defined as the scale factor of the universe
during which the photon was emitted, and R ( t 0 ), the
present scale factor.
From definition and cosmic expansion of space-time,
we know the fact,
Δte Δt0
=
R ( te ) R ( t0 )
Or,
R ( t0 ) Δt0
R (t e)
=
Δ te
now we know change in period of the
wave,
1 λe
Δ t e= =
νe c
is the period between emission of
Where Δ t e
two waves, and Δ t is when received.
0
Now we can conclude that,
Δ t 0 λ0 R (t 0)
= = ≡ 1+ z
Δ t e λe R ( t e )
Here, z is defined as the cosmological red
shift.
For the present time, we state the scale
factor, as 1. So,
R ( te ) 1
=
1 1+ z
Now we know, for a flat(k = 0) universe,
Ṙ
H=
R
Or,
Ṙ
H=
( ) 1
1+ z
Or,
H
Ṙ=
1+ z
Or,
H
R=∫ ⅆt
1+ z
The comoving distance as a function of
redshift is evaluated in the following
way:
We know,
cⅆt = H ( t ) ⅆr
We can integrate the above equantion to
get the comoving distance r as a
function of redshift.
cⅆt
r =∫ ⅆt =∫
H (t )
As above mentioned,
Ṙ
=H
R
So,
−1
ⅆR = 2
ⅆz =−R2 ⅆz
( 1+ z )
So the comoving distance is,
cⅆt cⅆz c H0
r =∫ =∫ = ∫ ⅆz
H (t ) H ( z) H0 H ( z)
All calculations are performed over a
flat universe and 0 cosmological
constant.
