Endocrine System Disorders MCQS
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1. What is the primary hormone produced by the pancreas.
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Cortisol
d) Thyroxine
2. Which gland is responsible for regulating metabolism.
a) Pineal
b) Thyroid
c) Pituitary
d) Adrenal
3. A deficiency of insulin leads to which condition.
a) Cushing’s syndrome
b) Hyperthyroidism
c) Diabetes mellitus
d) Addison's disease
4. What is the main effect of glucagon?
a) Increase blood glucose levels
b) Decrease blood glucose levels
c) Increase metabolism
d) Decrease body temperature
5. Which disease is characterized by excessive cortisol production.
a) Addison's disease
b) Cushing's syndrome
c) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
d) Graves’ disease
6. What condition results from insufficient thyroid hormone production.
a) Hyperthyroidism
b) Hypothyroidism
c) Diabetes insipidus
d) Acromegaly
7. Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood calcium levels.
a) Parathyroid hormone
b) Vasopressin
c) Calcitonin
d) Insulin
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8. Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism.
a) Weight gain
b) Fatigue
c) Heat intolerance
d) Cold intolerance
9. What is the condition called where there is an abnormal growth of tissue in the pituitary
gland.
a) Pituitary adenoma
b) Thyroid nodule
c) Parathyroid hyperplasia
d) Adrenal tumor
10. What disorder is characterized by the presence of antibodies against thyroglobulin.
a) Graves' disease
b) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
c) Diabetes type 1
d) Cushing's syndrome
11. Adrenal insufficiency can lead to which condition.
a) Hyperaldosteronism
b) Addison's disease
c) Cushing's disease
d) Pheochromocytoma
12. What is the primary cause of Type 1 diabetes.
a) Obesity
b) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
c) Insulin resistance
d) Sedentary lifestyle
13. Which of the following is a feature of acromegaly.
a) Short stature
b) Increased growth hormone levels
c) Weight loss
d) Decreased pituitary function
14. Which hormone is released in response to low blood sugar.
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Somatostatin
d) Cortisol
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15. What is a common complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
a) Dizziness
b) Osteoporosis
c) Neuropathy
d) Anemia
16. Prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels can cause.
a) Hypertension
b) Hypoglycemia
c) Hyperthermia
d) Hyperkalemia
17. Which hormone helps regulate the body's circadian rhythms.
a) Melatonin
b) Insulin
c) Testosterone
d) Estrogen
18. What is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism.
a) Vitamin D deficiency
b) Primary adenoma
c) Chronic kidney disease
d) Sarcoidosis
19. What characterizes multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes.
a) Single gland involvement
b) Genetic mutations leading to tumors in multiple glands
c) Hormonal imbalance only
d) Only thyroid involvement
20. What is the main effect of the hormone somatostatin.
a) Stimulates glycogen breakdown
b) Inhibits growth hormone release
c) Increases insulin sensitivity
d) Enhances thyroid hormone production
21. Which gland releases Parathormone (PTH).
a) Thyroid
b) Adrenal
c) Parathyroid
d) Pituitary
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22. Which condition is linked with pituitary adenomas.
a) Hyperprolactinemia
b) Hyperaldosteronism
c) Cushing's disease
d) Both a and c
23. What condition is caused by an underactive pituitary gland.
a) Cushing's disease
b) Panhypopituitarism
c) Diabetes mellitus
d) Hyperthyroidism
24. What is the primary effect of testosterone in males.
a) Increase fat storage
b) Promote sperm production
c) Decrease libido
d) Inhibit muscle growth
25. Diabetes insipidus results from a deficiency of which hormone.
a) Aldosterone
b) Vasopressin (ADH)
c) Cortisol
d) Insulin
26. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla.
a) Cortisol
b) Epinephrine
c) Aldosterone
d) Testosterone
27. What type of diabetes often develops during pregnancy.
a) Type 1
b) Type 2
c) Gestational diabetes
d) All types
28. Which of the following can be a side effect of long-term steroid use.
a) Cushing's syndrome
b) Hypoglycemia
c) Addison's crisis
d) None of the above
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29. A major symptom of hypothyroidism is.
a) Hypertension
b) Weight loss
c) Cold intolerance
d) Mood elevation
30. What is the function of aldosterone.
a) Decrease blood sugar
b) Increase water absorption
c) Regulate sodium and potassium levels
d) All of the above
31. Which hormone is primarily involved in milk production.
a) Prolactin
b) Oxytocin
c) Estrogen
d) Progesterone
32. The inactive form of thyroid hormone is.
a) T3
b) T4
c) Thyroglobulin
d) Calcitonin
33. Which hormone is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response.
a) Cortisol
b) Adrenaline
c) Insulin
d) Glucagon
34. What disorder is characterized by excessive thirst and urination.
a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Diabetes insipidus
c) Hyperthyroidism
d) Addison's disease
35. A rapid metabolism can lead to which of the following conditions.
a) Hyperthyroidism
b) Hypothyroidism
c) Addison's disease
d) Cushing's syndrome
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36. Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the adrenal cortex.
a) Epinephrine
b) Norepinephrine
c) Cortisol
d) Thyroxine
37. What condition is associated with high levels of blood glucose.
a) Hypoglycemia
b) Hyperglycemia
c) Insulinoma
d) Addison's disease
38. What characterizes Graves' disease.
a) Decreased thyroid hormone production
b) Increased thyroid hormone production
c) Primary adrenal insufficiency
d) Insulin resistance
39. What condition is a result of excess growth hormone in adults.
a) Dwarfism
b) Acromegaly
c) Gigantism
d) Cushing's disease
40. What does the term "thyrotoxicosis" refer to.
a) Low thyroid hormone levels
b) Excess thyroid hormone levels
c) Autoimmune thyroiditis
d) Nodular thyroid disease
41. Which condition involves an overproduction of insulin.
a) Hyperinsulinemia
b) Hypoglycemia
c) Type 1 diabetes
d) Cushing's disease
42. Which of the following is a symptom of Addison's disease.
a) Weight gain
b) Hyperpigmentation
c) Hyperglycemia
d) Increased appetite
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43. What is the primary function of the thyroid gland.
a) Calcium regulation
b) Mineralocorticoid production
c) Produce thyroid hormones
d) Insulin secretion
44. Deficiency of what vitamin is often associated with bone problems and hormonal imbalances.
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin B12
45. What hormone is released in response to stress.
a) Insulin
b) Cortisol
c) Parathyroid hormone
d) Thyroid hormones
46. Primary hyperaldosteronism is commonly known as.
a) Cushing's syndrome
b) Conn's syndrome
c) Graves' disease
d) Addison's disease
47. Which of the following is a potential cause of hypothyroidism.
a) Autoimmune thyroiditis
b) Hyperparathyroidism
c) Malignant neoplasm
d) All of the above
48. What is the role of calcitonin.
a) Increase blood calcium levels
b) Decrease blood calcium levels
c) Promote gluconeogenesis
d) Stimulate thyroid hormone production
49. Hypoparathyroidism can lead to.
a) Hypocalcemia
b) Hypercalcemia
c) Increased bone density
d) Osteoporosis
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50. Which condition results from prolonged excess of ACTH.
a) Addison's disease
b) Cushing's syndrome
c) Pheochromocytoma
d) Graves’ disease
51. Which hormone primarily regulates circadian rhythms.
a) Cortisol
b) Melatonin
c) Growth hormone
d) Thyroid hormones
52. What blood test is commonly used to diagnose diabetes mellitus.
a) Complete blood count
b) Lipid profile
c) Fasting blood glucose
d) Electrolytes panel
53. Hyperprolactinemia is characterized by.
a) Increased testosterone production
b) Decreased growth hormone
c) Elevated prolactin levels
d) High thyroid hormone levels
54. What is the most common treatment for hyperthyroidism.
a) Surgery
b) Beta-blockers
c) Anti-thyroid medications
d) Radioactive iodine
55. What type of drug is commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes.
a) Insulin
b) Metformin
c) Glucagon
d) Cortisol
56. The main cause of type 2 diabetes is.
a) Autoimmune beta-cell destruction
b) Insulin resistance
c) Genetic predisposition only
d) High sugar diet
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57. What test measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.
a) Fasting glucose test
b) OGTT
c) HbA1c
d) Serum insulin test
58. The primary action of thyroid hormones on metabolism is to.
a) Increase metabolism
b) Decrease metabolism
c) Stabilize metabolism
d) No effect on metabolism
59. What is a hallmark symptom of Turner syndrome related to the endocrine system.
a) Hyperthyroidism
b) Hypopituitarism
c) Short stature
d) Hypertension
60. What is the most common cause of secondary adrenal insufficiency.
a) Autoimmune disease
b) Long-term steroid use
c) Infection
d) Cancer
61. Which gland secretes the sex hormones.
a) Thyroid
b) Pineal
c) Adrenal
d) Pituitary
62. What is a condition caused by excess production of catecholamines.
a) Cushing's syndrome
b) Pheochromocytoma
c) Hyperthyroidism
d) Acromegaly
63. Excessive levels of which hormone can lead to osteoporosis.
a) Estrogen
b) Parathyroid hormone
c) Testosterone
d) Thyroid hormones
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64. Hyperaldosteronism can lead to.
a) Hypocalcemia
b) Hypokalemia
c) Hypomagnesemia
d) Hyponatremia
65. Which hormone is primarily involved in regulating the water balance in the body?**
a) Aldosterone
b) Insulin
c) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
d) Thyroid hormones
66. What is a common symptom of insulin overdose.
a) Weight gain
b) Hypoglycemia
c) Diabetic ketoacidosis
d) None of the above
67. What is the primary hormone tested for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
a) Estrogen
b) Insulin
c) Progesterone
d) Testosterone
68. High levels of homocysteine are often found in patients with.
a) Type 2 diabetes
b) Hypothyroidism
c) Cushing's syndrome
d) Addison's disease
69. The Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is produced by which gland.
a) Thyroid
b) Hypothalamus
c) Pituitary
d) Adrenal gland
70. Which two hormones are primarily involved in calcium homeostasis.
a) Insulin and glucagon
b) PTH and calcitonin
c) Cortisol and aldosterone
d) Thyroxine and triiodothyronine
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71. An elevated TSH level typically indicates.
a) Hyperthyroidism
b) Hypothyroidism
c) Normal thyroid function
d) Diabetes mellitus
72. What is the main hormone responsible for luteinization in women.
a) FSH
b) LH
c) Oxytocin
d) Progesterone
73. What condition is characterized by excessive urination and thirst due to vasopressin
deficiency.
a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Diabetes insipidus
c) Hyperparathyroidism
d) Cushing's syndrome
74. Which organ is primarily affected in acromegaly.
a) Adrenal glands
b) Pancreas
c) Liver
d) Pituitary gland
75. What is the primary action of parathyroid hormone (PTH).
a) Increase calcium absorption in the intestines
b) Decrease calcium resorption from bones
c) Increase renal phosphate excretion
d) Both a and c
76. Which of the following medications is commonly used to lower blood sugar in type 2 diabetes.
a) Metformin
b) Insulin
c) Sitagliptin
d) All of the above
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77. Addison's disease is caused by a deficiency of.
a) Cortisol
b) Insulin
c) Thyroid hormones
d) All of the above
78. Which hormone can promote glucogenesis in the liver.
a) Insulin
b) Cortisol
c) Thyroxine
d) Somatostatin
79. Excessive growth hormone in childhood leads to.
a) Dwarfism
b) Acromegaly
c) Gigantism
d) Obesity
80. What is the typical treatment for hypothyroidism.
a) Subcutaneous insulin
b) Levothyroxine
c) Cortisol
d) Methimazole
81. What condition is caused by a deficiency of vasopressin.
a) Hyperthyroidism
b) Diabetes mellitus
c) Diabetes insipidus
d) Addison's disease
82. Which of the following is a sign of hypercalcemia.
a) Muscle spasms
b) Fatigue
c) Cardiac arrhythmias
d) All of the above
83. What is the main role of insulin.
a) Increase blood glucose concentration
b) Facilitate cellular glucose uptake
c) Stimulate cortisol release
d) Enhance glycogenesis in the liver
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84. Long-term uncontrolled diabetes can lead to.
a) Diabetic neuropathy
b) Retinopathy
c) Nephropathy
d) All of the above
85. What gland releases catecholamines during stress.
a) Pancreas
b) Adrenal gland
c) Thyroid gland
d) Pituitary gland
86. Which metabolic disorder is characterized by lack of insulin production?**
a) Type 1 diabetes
b) Type 2 diabetes
c) Gestational diabetes
d) Metabolic syndrome
87. Cushing’s disease is mainly caused by.
a) Pituitary adenoma
b) Adrenal adenoma
c) Chronic stress
d) A genetic disorder
88. What is the function of growth hormone.
a) Increase blood sugar
b) Promote tissue growth
c) Decrease fat tissue
d) All of the above
89. What role does leptin play in the body.
a) Inhibit appetite
b) Stimulate growth
c) Increase blood sugar
d) Promote fat storage
90. Thyroid storm is a severe exacerbation of.
a) Hypothyroidism
b) Hyperthyroidism
c) Diabetes mellitus
d) Addison's disease
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91. What is the primary role of oxytocin during childbirth.
a) Control blood pressure
b) Promote uterine contractions
c) Increase milk production
d) Stimulate appetite
92. What condition can result from excess calcium in the blood.
a) Osteoporosis
b) Osteopenia
c) Hyperparathyroidism
d) Hypoparathyroidism
93. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT.
a) Central obesity
b) High blood pressure
c) Low HDL cholesterol
d) Decreased triglycerides
94. Pheochromocytomas are tumors that release excessive.
a) Insulin
b) Thyroid hormones
c) Catecholamines
d) Cortisol
95. Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of the menstrual cycle.
a) Testosterone
b) Estrogen
c) Progesterone
d) Both b and c
96. What type of analysis is performed to evaluate adrenal function.
a) 24-hour urine free cortisol test
b) Blood glucose test
c) Complete blood count
d) Lipid profile
97. Treatment for Cushing's syndrome may involve.
a) Surgery to remove the tumor
b) Radiation therapy
c) Medications to inhibit cortisol production
d) All of the above
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98. Which endocrine disorder can cause severe skin changes and hypertension?**
a) Hypothyroidism
b) Paget’s disease
c) Cushing’s syndrome
d) Addison's disease
99. What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in adults.
a) Pituitary tumors
b) Autoimmune conditions
c) Traumatic brain injury
d) Infections
100. The primary action of renal erythropoietin is to.
a) Regulate water balance
b) Stimulate red blood cell production
c) Control blood sugar
d) Regulate blood pressure
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