Ch.
10 – East Asia
I. Chinese Hegemony: Intro, Beliefs, and the Song “Golden Age”
A. Geography & Writing: Yellow River Civilization
1. China geographically isolated from rest of Asia
2. Huang He (Yellow River): ___________________________
3. Yangtze (rice in south)
4. Chinese writing:
- Different dialects unified by same symbols
- ______________________
B. Politics
1. Zhou – extended Chinese territory (longest dynasty)
2. ___________________________ - justification for imperial rule (will of ancestors)
3. ________________________ - pomp and ceremony around emperor
- Emperor housed in the “Forbidden City”
- Emperor bound by duty to society
C. Chinese Society and Confucianism
1. ___________________ (“conversation”) – collected sayings by _________________
2. Wrote about the role of rulers to society
3. Society controlled by Confucian values
4. Principles:
- Rites, rules, and rituals
- Humaneness
- Righteousness
- _________________________ (respect for parents)
D. Lao-Tzu: father of Daoism
1. 604 BCE -?
2. Name means “Old Master”
3. Confucius teacher…?
E. Daoist Principles
1. __________ (Tao): force that flows through all life
2. Become one with the Dao (one with nature)
3. _______________ → “The art of doing nothing”
4. Man is unhappy because he lives contrary to nature
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F. Legalism
1. End of the Zhou dynasty called “_________________________________________”
- Fighters on horseback, iron weapons
- Conquered by the ____________ dynasty
2. Principles of Legalism:
- Human nature is naturally selfish
- _______________________ and literacy discouraged
- _____________ is the supreme authority
- Strict laws and harsh punishments
- War is the means of strengthening power
G. East Asian Cultural Sphere
1. Chinese _______________________________________ throughout East Asia
- _________________________
2. Korea, Japan, and Vietnam assimilate Chinese culture
- Confucianism
- Buddhism
- ______________________________
II. Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE)
A. Beginnings
1. Followed the chaos of the “______________________________________”
2. Based on _________________________________________
3. Civil examination system
B. Government
1. “flying” ______________________________ (increased commerce)
2. Government schools
3. Imperial civil service exams
4. Replaced ______________________________ with paid labor from taxes
5. Trained militia and supplied arms
6. Paid ________________________ in silk for protection
C. Increasing population
1. New developments in rice cultivation
- ________________________ (wet rice) production from Vietnam
2. Population grew from 60 to 100 million
3. Rice also used to brew wine
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D. Role of women
1. New ideal of the “willow-waisted woman”
2. Against widow remarriage
3. Ability to inherit property and control of family/budgets
4. Upper-class female ____________________________________
E. Culture
1. ______________________________: popularization of vernacular language
2. ______________________: used to spark political reform
3. ___________________________: landscapes (harmony between humans and nature)
F. Technology
1. Irrigation and fertilizer
2. Large ships called ____________________
3. Compass
4. Waterwheels and canal locks
5. _________________________ & “crouching tiger” catapults
6. Printing and paper money
G. Commercial Growth
1. Production of ____________ and cash crops (tea) led to extension of market forces
into everyday life
2. _____________________________ accompanied commercial growth and improved
farming
H. Split of North and South Song
1. Weak military dependent on bureaucrats
- Song invaded by northern nomads (____________________)
2. Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) allied with Mongols for protection…
I. Collapse of Southern Song Dynasty
1. …invaded by Mongols (1279): Start of the __________ Dynasty (Mongol Dynasty)
III. East Asian Rimlands: Early Japan, Korea and Vietnam
A. Rise of Japan
1. Japan: 4 main islands (very mountainous)
2. Separated from China by sea rather than by land…effect?
- Less Chinese influence on their society compared to _________________ and
__________________ who directly bordered China
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B. Heian Period (794-1185)
1. The _________________ family: 1st imperial family heavily influenced by Tang
Dynasty China
- Written legal code
- Rise of _______________ religion (“way of the gods”)
- Adopted form of Confucianism mixed with _____________________
(emperor descended from gods), Buddhism spreads further (compatible with
Shintoism)
2. ____________________ family (794-1185)
- Moved capital to ___________________ (Kyoto)
- Moved away from ______________________ influence
- Rise of warrior clans
C. Feudal Japan: The Shoguns
1. Minimoto clan (1185-1333)
- Decentralized military government
- Start of the _____________________ (“great general”)
- New warlord class: the __________________ (“one who serves”)
i. ___________________ warrior code
- New form of Buddhism called “______________”
2. Japanese Feudal Society:
- Merchants at bottom, less farmers than Europe
3. Mongols invade (1279) and (1281), but are repelled
- __________________ winds
D. Roles of Women
1. Some level of equality with men…
- Women farmed __________
- Aristocratic women prominent at court, some female artists and writers
E. Early Korea
1. ___________________ influence and rule
- Buddhism
- Confucianism
- Writing characters (developed their own alphabet in the 15th century)
2. Korean elites had more power over gov’t than Chinese elites had over theirs...effects?
3. Invention of _________________________________
4. ____________________ conquest (1231)
F. Nam Viet
1. Innovation of ________________ production
2. Economic and cultural integration with Tang and Song (_______________________)
3. Society: peasant masses
