State within a state

A state within a state or a deep state is a political situation in a country when an internal organ ("deep state"), such as the armed
forces or public authorities (intelligence agencies, police, secret police, administrative agencies, and branches of government
bureaucracy), does not respond to the civilian political leadership. Although the state within a state can be conspiratorial in nature,
the deep state can also take the form of entrenched unelected career civil servants acting in a non-conspiratorial manner, to further
their own interests (e.g. continuity of the state as distinct from the administration, job security, enhanced power and authority, pursuit
of ideological goals and objectives, and the general growth of their agency) and in opposition to the policies of elected officials, by
obstructing, resisting, and subverting the policies and directives of elected officials. The term, like many in politics, derives from the
Greek language (κράτος εν κράτει, kratos en kratei, later adopted into Latin as imperium in imperio[1] or status in statu).

Sometimes, the term refers to state companies that, though formally under the command of the government, act de facto like private
corporations. Sometimes, the term refers tocompanies that, though formally private, actde facto like "states within a state".[2]

Political debate surrounding the separation of church and state previously revolved around the perception that if left unchecked, the
.[3]
Church might turn into a kind of State within a State, an illegitimate outgrowth of the State's natural civil power

In the field of political science, this pop culture concept is studied within the literature on the state. The modern literature on the state
is generally tied back to Bringing the State Back In(1985)[4] and remains an active body of scholarly research to this day. Within this
literature, the state is understood as both venue (a set of rules under which others act and interact) as well as actor (with its own
agenda). Under this dual understanding, the conspiratorial version of the deep state concept would be one version of the 'state as
actor' while the non-conspiratorial version would be another version of the 'state as venue.'

Contents
Cases
Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia
Chechnya
United Kingdom
Others alleged cases
Africa
Central and South America
Germany
Turkey and the Ottoman Empire
Other places

See also
References

Cases

Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia

The Soviet secret police have been frequently described by historians as a "state within a state". According to Evgenia Albats, most
KGB leaders, including Lavrenty Beria, Yuri Andropov, and Vladimir Kryuchkov, always competed for power with the Communist
Party and manipulated communist leaders.[5]
According to Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov, "It is not true that thePolitical Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Partyis
a supreme power. The Political Bureau is only a shadow of the real supreme power that stands behind the chair of every Bureau
member ... The real power thinks, acts and dictates for all of us. The name of the power is NKVD—MVD—MGB. The Stalin regime
is based not on the Soviets, Party ideals, the power of the Political Bureau or Stalin's personality, but on the organization and the
[6] However, he also noted that "To tell that
techniques of the Soviet political police where Stalin plays the role of the first policeman."
NKVD is «a state within the state» means to belittle the importance of NKVD because this question allows two forces: a normal state
and a supernormal NKVD: whereas the only force isChekism".

According to Ion Mihai Pacepa in 2006, "In the Soviet Union, the KGB was a state within a state. Now former KGB officers are
running the state. They have custody of the country's 6,000 nuclear weapons, entrusted to the KGB in the 1950s, and they now also
manage the strategic oil industry renationalized by Putin. The KGB successor, rechristened FSB, still has the right to electronically
monitor the population, control political groups, search homes and businesses, infiltrate the federal government, create its own front
enterprises, investigate cases, and run its own prison system. The Soviet Union had one KGB officer for every 428 citizens. Putin's
Russia has one FSB-ist for every 297 citizens.[7]

Chechnya
According to Julia Ioffe, under Ramzan Kadyrov, Chechnya has become a state within a state.[8]

United Kingdom
The Civil Service has been called a 'deep state' by senior politicians in the United Kingdom. Tony Blair said of the Civil Service,
"You cannot underestimate how much they believe it’s their job to actually run the country and to resist the changes put forward by
people they dismiss as ‘here today, gone tomorrow’ politicians. They genuinely see themselves as the true guardians of the national
interest, and think that their job is simply to wear you down and wait you out."[9] The efforts of the Civil Service to frustrate elected
politicians is the subject of the popular satiric comedyYes Minister.

Others alleged cases

Africa

Algeria's Department of Intelligence and Security

Cameroon's Cameroon Development Corporation
Egypt's Supreme Council of the Armed Forces

Central and South America

Brazil's Army between the 1940s and 1980s

British Guiana's Booker-McConnell
Guatemala's United Fruit Company
Honduras's United Fruit Company
PDVSA in Venezuela

Germany

Weimar Republic's Reichswehr

Nazi Germany's Schutzstaffel
Nazi Germany's Wehrmacht

Turkey and the Ottoman Empire

 Ottoman Empire's Committee of Union and Progress
Ottoman Empire's Janissaries
Ottoman Empire's Karakol society
Ottoman Empire's Young Turks
Deep state in Turkey – Ergenekon, Counter-Guerrilla, Grey Wolves

Other places

Imperial Japan's Army and the Kwantung Army

Iran's IRGC
Iran's SAVAK
Italy's Propaganda Due[10]
Jordan's PLO
Lebanon's PLO
Lebanon's Hezbollah
Pakistan's Intelligence CommunityISI, FIA, and/or IB[11][12]
United Kingdom's City of London Corporation[13]
Deep state in the United States

See also
Cabal
Civilian control of the military
Counterintelligence state
Fifth column
Illiberal democracy
Khakistocracy
List of conspiracy theories
Military coup
Military dictatorship
Monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force
Power behind the throne
Proto-state
Puppet government
Shadow government (conspiracy)
Smoke-filled room

References
1. from Baruch Spinoza: Tractatus politicus, Caput II, § 6.
2. Daniel De Leon: "Imperium in imperio" (http://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/pdf/1903/jun04_1903.pdf) in: Daily
People, June 4, 1903.
3. Cf William Blackstone,Commentaries on the Laws of England, IV, c.4 ss. iii.2, p. *54, where the charge of being
imperium in imperio was notably levied against the Church
4. "Bringing state back - Comparative politics"(http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/politics-international-rel
ations/comparative-politics/bringing-state-back?format=PB&isbn=9780521313131#pkT ewkspw1IAhOi2.97).
Cambridge University Press.
5. Yevgenia Albats and Catherine A. Fitzpatrick. The State Within a State: The KGB and Its Hold on Russia--Past,
Present, and Future. 1994.ISBN 0-374-52738-5.
6. The Chechen Times №17, 30.08.2003. Translated from "Technology of Power", 1991, chapter 34Russian text (htt
p://www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_a/avtorhanov.html)
 7. Symposium: When an Evil Empire Returns(http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=23038),
interview with Ion Mihai Pacepa, R. James Woolsey, Jr., Yuri Yarim-Agaev, and Lt. Gen. Thomas McInerney,
FrontPageMagazine.com, June 23, 2006.
8. Julia Ioffe (24 July 2015). "Putin Is Down With Polygamy"(https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/07/24/vladimir-putin-polyga
my-islam-chechnya-christian-far-right-europe-ramzan-kadyrov/) . Foreign Policy. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
9. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tony-blair-david-cameron-steve-hilton-deep-state-conspiracy-
a8196036.html
10. "BBC ON THIS DAY - 26 - 1981: Italy in crisisas cabinet resigns" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/m
ay/26/newsid_4396000/4396893.stm). Retrieved 9 April 2017.
11. Who Controls Pakistan's Powerful ISI?(http://www.rferl.org/content/Who_Controls_Pakistans_Powerful_ISI/119104
6.html), Radio Free Europe, August 14, 2008
12. "Pakistan's shadowy secret service, the ISI"(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13272009). BBC News. 3
May 2011.
13. "The City: A state within a state"(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-15602906). Retrieved 9 April 2017 –
via www.bbc.co.uk.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=State_within_a_state&oldid=835123113

"

This page was last edited on 6 April 2018, at 18:09.

Text is available under theCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this
site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of theWikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.