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Ans: Technology is the application of scientific knowledge and skills for practical purposes. It
involves the use of tools, machines, systems, and techniques to solve problems and
achieve specific goals.
Ans: Fertilizer is a substance or a mixture of substances added to soil or plants to supply
essential nutrients that promote plant growth. These nutrients often include nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium.
Ans: Beneficial microorganisms, such as bacteria and enzymes, play a crucial role in the
fermentation process of cheese-making. They help in curdling milk, separating curds
from whey, and contribute to the flavor and texture of the final product.
Ans: A solar oven works on the principle of converting sunlight into heat. It typically consists
of reflective surfaces that focus sunlight onto a cooking chamber. The concentrated
sunlight raises the temperature inside the chamber, allowing food to be cooked or baked
without the need for conventional fuel sources.
Ans: The materials required to make an electric bell include:
·Electromagnet
·Armature
·Spring
·Hammer
·Gongs or bells
·Switch
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·Battery or power source
Wires for electrical connections
Ans: Effects of the Use of Fertilizers on the Growth of Plants:
Fertilizers provide essential nutrients to plants, promoting their growth. However,
excessive use can have adverse effects. High concentrations of fertilizers may lead to:
Nutrient Imbalance: Excessive application of specific nutrients can imbalance the soil
composition, affecting plant health.
Environmental Pollution: Runoff from fertilized fields can contaminate water bodies,
causing eutrophication and harming aquatic ecosystems.
Soil Degradation: Continuous use of synthetic fertilizers may degrade soil structure and
reduce its fertility over time.
Health Risks: Residues from fertilizers can enter the food chain, posing health risks to
humans and animals.
Ans: Steps for the Preparation of Yoghurt:
Heat Milk: Heat fresh milk to around 85°C to kill unwanted bacteria and denature
proteins.
Cool Milk: Allow the milk to cool to a temperature suitable for bacterial fermentation
(around 45-50°C).
Add Starter Culture: Introduce a small amount of yoghurt with live cultures (or a
commercial starter) to the cooled milk.
Incubate: Keep the milk in a warm environment to allow bacterial fermentation. This
can be done in a warm room or using a yoghurt maker.
Check Consistency: After a few hours, check the consistency and taste. Once desired,
refrigerate to stop the fermentation process.
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Ans: Procedure to Design a Solar Oven:
Materials:
·Reflective material (aluminum foil or reflective sheets)
·Cardboard or lightweight material for the structure
·Insulating material (foam board or newspaper)
·Clear plastic or glass sheet
Construction:
Build a box with reflective material on the inner walls.
Insulate the box using insulating material.
Create a lid with a clear plastic or glass sheet to allow sunlight to enter.
Reflectors:
Attach reflectors on the sides of the box to concentrate sunlight towards the cooking
chamber.
Usage:
Place food in the cooking chamber and position the solar oven to face the sun.
The reflective surfaces concentrate sunlight, generating heat for cooking.
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Ans: An electric bell operates as follows:
Components:
Electromagnet attracts the armature when the circuit is closed.
When the armature is attracted, it strikes the gong or bell.
A spring provides tension for the armature to return to its original position.
A switch controls the flow of current.
Electric Circuit:
When the switch is closed, current flows through the circuit.
The electromagnet becomes magnetized and attracts the armature.
The armature strikes the gong, producing sound.
The spring helps the armature return to its original position when the circuit is open.
Working:
Closing the circuit initiates the bell's operation, and opening the circuit stops it.
The continuous cycling of the armature due to the magnetic attraction and spring
tension produces a ringing sound.
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