CE168P-2 .

CONSTRUCTION METHODS
AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT

PROJECT MONITORING & CONTROL

SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

 .

PROJECT CONTROL & MONITORING

PROJECT CRASHING

SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

What is CRASHING In Project Management?

 Project crashing in project management refers to a technique used to expedite a
project's schedule by compressing the project timeline. It involves allocating
additional resources, such as manpower or equipment, to critical activities in order
to reduce their duration and accelerate their completion.
 In its simplest terms, crashing is a method in project management that helps you
speed up the timeline of a project through the addition of resources.

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

What is CRASHING In Project Management?

 There are many project decisions that could be described as crashing. It could
mean including more team members to work on a task so it will be completed
faster.
 Crashing may also involve paying an additional fee for faster results. Incentivized
third-party contractors could provide additional manpower to help up a work
schedule.
 The goal of crashing in project management is to reduce the length of a project
and its time-consuming tasks while also keeping costs minimal to mitigate budget
concerns and retain satisfied stakeholders.

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem ACTIVITY ID PRDR. DURATION (WEEKS)

1 A - 2
 As the assigned engineer for PROJECT ONE, you 2 B - 3
are tasked with determining the possibility of 3 C A 2
reducing the project duration and examining the 4 D B 4
potential implications of such a decision. 5 E C 4

6 F C 3

7 G D, E 5

8 H F, G 2

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION TOTAL COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR (WEEKS) (in Thousand Pesos)
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH
1 A - 2 1 220 230

2 B - 3 1 300 340

3 C A 2 1 260 270

4 D B 4 3 480 490

5 E C 4 2 560 580

6 F C 3 2 300 305

7 G D, E 5 2 800 860

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION TOTAL COST CRASH COST
(WEEKS) (in Thousand Pesos) PER WEEK
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH 𝟒𝟒 − 𝟑𝟑
**
(1) (2) (3) (4) 𝟐𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏
1 A - 2 1 220 230 10
2 B - 3 1 300 340 20
3 C A 2 1 260 270 10
4 D B 4 3 480 490 10
5 E C 4 2 560 580 10
6 F C 3 2 300 305 5
7 G D, E 5 2 800 860 20
8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30
**CRASH COST PER WEEK is an absolute value.

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Guide:
 Crash only activities on the critical path/s
 Crash the project one period at a time
 In cases where two or more projects share the critical path and have the same crashing
cost, it is possible to crash them simultaneously.
 Crash the least expensive activity (that is on the critical path)
 In cases with multiple critical paths, there may be instances where crashing with the least
expensive activity is not prioritized, for cases such as:
 If two or more critical path share common activities, compare the least expensive cost
of crashing of the common activity with the SUM of crashing in the separate (activities
not shared) critical paths.

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PER WEEK

1 A - 2 1 220 230 10

2 B - 3 1 300 340 20

CRITICAL PATH 3 C A 2 1 260 270 10

[1] A – C – E – G – H 4 D B 4 3 480 490 10

5 E C 4 2 560 580 10

6 F C 3 2 300 305 5

7 G D, E 5 2 800 860 20

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PER WEEK

1 A - 2 1 220 230 10

2 B - 3 1 300 340 20

CRITICAL PATH 3 C A 2 1 260 270 10

[1] A – C – E – G – H 4 D B 4 3 480 490 10

5 E C 4 2 560 580 10

6 F C 3 2 300 305 5

7 G D, E 5 2 800 860 20

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PER WEEK

1 A - 2 1 220 230 10

2 B - 3 1 300 340 20
[ITERATION NO.1] 3 C A 2 1 260 270 10

CRITICAL PATH 4

5
D

E
B

C
4

4
3

2
480

560
490

580
10

10
[1] A – C – E – G – H 6 F C 3 2 300 305 5

7 G D, E 5 2 800 860 20

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PER WEEK

1 A - 1 1 220 230 10

2 B - 3 1 300 340 20
[ITERATION NO.1] 3 C A 2 1 260 270 10

CRITICAL PATH 4

5
D

E
B

C
4

4
3

2
480

560
490

580
10

10
[1] A – C – E – G – H 6 F C 3 2 300 305 5

[2] B – D – G – H 7 G D, E 5 2 800 860 20

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PER WEEK

1 A - 1 1 220 230 10

2 B - 3 1 300 340 20
[ITERATION NO.1] 3 C A 2 1 260 270 10

4 D B 4 3 480 490 10

5 E C 4 2 560 580 10

6 F C 3 2 300 305 5

7 G D, E 5 2 800 860 20

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30

INITIAL ITERATION 1 ITERATION 2

Activity
Normal Duration Crash Duration Crash Cost/Week Total Float Weeks Saved Dur. TF Weeks Saved Dur. TF

A 2 1 10 0 1 1 0

B 3 1 20 1 0 3 0

C 2 1 10 0 0 2 0

D 4 3 10 1 0 4 0

E 4 2 10 0 0 4 0

F 3 2 5 6 0 3 6

G 5 2 20 0 0 5 0

H 2 1 30 0 0 2 0

ADDITIONAL COST - 10,000.00

SAVINGS - -

TOTAL PROJECT COST 3,080,000.00 3,090,000.00

TOTAL PROJECT DURATION 15 14

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PER WEEK

1 A - 1 1 220 230 10

2 B - 3 1 300 340 20
[ITERATION NO. 2] 3 C A 2 1 260 270 10

CRITICAL PATH 4

5
D

E
B

C
4

4
3

2
480

560
490

580
10

10
[1] A – C – E – G – H 6 F C 3 2 300 305 5

[2] B – D – G – H 7 G D, E 5 2 800 860 20

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PER WEEK

1 A - 1 1 220 230 10

2 B - 3 1 300 340 20
[ITERATION NO. 2] 3 C A 2 1 260 270 10

CRITICAL PATH 4

5
D

E
B

C
4

4
3

2
480

560
490

580
10

10
[1] A – C – E – G – H 6 F C 3 2 300 305 5

[2] B – D – G – H 7 G D, E 5 2 800 860 20

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PER WEEK

1 A - 1 1 220 230 10

2 B - 3 1 300 340 20
[ITERATION NO. 2] 3 C A 2 1 260 270 10

CRITICAL PATH 4

5
D

E
B

C
4

4
3

2
480

560
490

580
10

10
[1] A – C – E – G – H 6 F C 3 2 300 305 5

[2] B – D – G – H 7 G D, E 5 2 800 860 20

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PER WEEK

1 A - 1 1 220 230 10

2 B - 3 1 300 340 20
ITERATION NO. 2 3 C A 1 1 260 270 10

4 D B 3 3 480 490 10
CRITICAL PATH 5 E C 4 2 560 580 10

[1] A – C – E – G – H 6 F C 3 2 300 305 5

[2] B – D – G – H 7 G D, E 5 2 800 860 20

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP)

Sample Problem
CRASH COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PER WEEK

1 A - 1 1 220 230 10

2 B - 3 1 300 340 20

ITERATION NO. 2 3 C A 1 1 260 270 10

4 D B 3 3 480 490 10

5 E C 4 2 560 580 10

6 F C 3 2 300 305 5

7 G D, E 5 2 800 860 20

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30

INITIAL ITERATION 1 ITERATION 2

Activity
Normal Duration Crash Duration Crash Cost/Week Total Float Weeks Saved Dur. TF Weeks Saved Dur. TF

A 2 1 10 0 1 1 0 0 1 0

B 3 1 20 1 0 3 0 0 3 0

C 2 1 10 0 0 2 0 1 1 0

D 4 3 10 1 0 4 0 1 3 0

E 4 2 10 0 0 4 0 0 4 0

F 3 2 5 6 0 3 6 0 3 6

G 5 2 20 0 0 5 0 0 5 0

H 2 1 30 0 0 2 0 0 2 0

ADDITIONAL COST - 10,000.00 20,000.00

SAVINGS - - -

TOTAL PROJECT COST 3,080,000.00 3,090,000.00 3.110.000.00

TOTAL PROJECT DURATION 15 14 13

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem CRITICAL PATH

[1] A – C – E – G – H
ITERATION NO. 2 [2] B – D – G – H

DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH

PREDECESS CRITICAL
ACTIVITY ID COST PER
OR NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PATH
WEEK
1 A - 1 1 220 230 10 CP1
2 B - 3 1 300 340 20 CP2
3 C A 1 1 260 270 10 CP1
4 D B 3 3 480 490 10 CP2
5 E C 4 2 560 580 10 CP1
6 F C 3 2 300 305 5
7 G D, E 5 2 800 860 20 CP1, CP2
8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30 CP1, CP2

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem CRITICAL PATH

[1] A – C – E – G – H
ITERATION NO. 2 [2] B – D – G – H

DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH

PREDECESS CRITICAL
ACTIVITY ID COST PER
OR NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PATH
WEEK
1 A - 1 1 220 230 10 CP1
2 B - 3 1 300 340 20 CP2
3 C A 1 1 260 270 10 CP1
4 D B 3 3 480 490 10 CP2
5 E C 4 2 560 580 10 CP1
6 F C 3 2 300 305 5
7 G D, E 5 2 800 860 20 CP1, CP2
8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30 CP1, CP2

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem CRITICAL PATH

[1] A – C – E – G – H
ITERATION NO. 2 [2] B – D – G – H

DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH

PREDECESS CRITICAL
ACTIVITY ID COST PER
OR NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PATH
WEEK
1 A - 1 1 220 230 10 CP1
2 B - 3 1 300 340 20 CP2
3 C A 1 1 260 270 10 CP1
4 D B 3 3 480 490 10 CP2
5 E C 4 2 560 580 10 CP1
6 F C 3 2 300 305 5
7 G D, E 5 2 800 860 20 CP1, CP2
8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30 CP1, CP2

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PER WEEK

1 A - 1 1 220 230 10

2 B - 3 1 300 340 20
ITERATION NO. 3 3 C A 1 1 260 270 10

4 D B 3 3 480 490 10
CRITICAL PATH 5 E C 4 2 560 580 10

[1] A – C – E – G – H 6 F C 3 2 300 305 5

[2] B – D – G – H 7 G D, E 5 2 800 860 20

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30

1
4

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PER WEEK

1 A - 1 1 220 230 10

2 B - 3 1 300 340 20
ITERATION NO. 3 3 C A 1 1 260 270 10

4 D B 3 3 480 490 10
CRITICAL PATH 5 E C 4 2 560 580 10

[1] A – C – E – G – H 6 F C 3 2 300 305 5

[2] B – D – G – H 7 G D, E 4 2 800 860 20

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PER WEEK

1 A - 1 1 220 230 10

2 B - 3 1 300 340 20
[ITERATION NO.3] 3 C A 1 1 260 270 10

4 D B 3 3 480 490 10

5 E C 4 2 560 580 10

6 F C 3 2 300 305 5

7 G D, E 4 2 800 860 20

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30

INITIAL ITERATION 2 ITERATION 3

Activity
Normal Duration Crash Duration Crash Cost/Week Total Float Weeks Saved Dur. TF Weeks Saved Dur. TF

A 2 1 10 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

B 3 1 20 1 0 3 0 0 3 0

C 2 1 10 0 1 1 0 0 1 0

D 4 3 10 1 1 3 0 0 3 0

E 4 2 10 0 0 4 0 0 4 0

F 3 2 5 6 0 3 6 0 3 5

G 5 2 20 0 0 5 0 1 4 0

H 2 1 30 0 0 2 0 0 2 0

ADDITIONAL COST - 20,000.00 20,000.00

SAVINGS - - -

TOTAL PROJECT COST 3,080,000.00 3.110.000.00 3,130,000.00

TOTAL PROJECT DURATION 15 13 12

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem CRITICAL PATH

[1] A – C – E – G – H
ITERATION NO. 2 [2] B – D – G – H

DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH

PREDECESS CRITICAL
ACTIVITY ID COST PER
OR NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PATH
WEEK
1 A - 1 1 220 230 10 CP1
2 B - 3 1 300 340 20 CP2
3 C A 1 1 260 270 10 CP1
4 D B 3 3 480 490 10 CP2
5 E C 4 2 560 580 10 CP1
6 F C 3 2 300 305 5
7 G D, E 4 2 800 860 20 CP1, CP2
8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30 CP1, CP2

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PER WEEK

1 A - 1 1 220 230 10

2 B - 3 1 300 340 20
> what if there is a Project Overhead 3 C A 1 1 260 270 10
equals to PHP 20,000.00/week? 4 D B 3 3 480 490 10

5 E C 4 2 560 580 10

6 F C 3 2 300 305 5

7 G D, E 4 2 800 860 20

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30

INITIAL ITERATION 1 ITERATION 2

Activity
Normal Duration Crash Duration Crash Cost/Week Total Float Weks Saved Dur. TF Weeks Saved Dur. TF

A 2 1 10 0 1 1 0 0 1 0

B 3 1 20 1 0 3 0 0 3 0

C 2 1 10 0 0 2 0 0 1 0

D 4 3 10 1 0 4 0 0 3 0

E 4 2 10 0 0 4 0 0 4 0

F 3 2 5 6 0 3 6 0 3 5

G 5 2 20 0 0 5 0 1 4 0

H 2 1 30 0 0 2 0 0 2 0

ADDITIONAL COST - 10,000.00 20,000.00

SAVINGS - 20,000.00 20,000.00

TOTAL PROJECT COST 3,080,000.00 + 300,000.00 = 3,380,000.00 3,380,000.00 + 10,000.00 – 20,000.00 = 3,370,000.00 3,370,000.00 + 20,000.00 – 20,000.00 = 3,370,000.00

TOTAL PROJECT DURATION 15 13 12

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SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Sample Problem
DURATION (WEEKS) TOTAL COST (PHP) CRASH COST
ACTIVITY ID PREDECESSOR
NORMAL CRASH NORMAL CRASH PER WEEK

1 A - 1 1 220 230 10

2 B - 3 1 300 340 20
> what if there is a Project Overhead 3 C A 1 1 260 270 10
equals to PHP 20,000.00/week? 4 D B 3 3 480 490 10

5 E C 4 2 560 580 10

6 F C 3 2 300 305 5

7 G D, E 4 2 800 860 20

8 H F, G 2 1 160 190 30

INITIAL ITERATION 2 ITERATION 3

Activity
Normal Duration Crash Duration Crash Cost/Week Total Float Weks Saved Dur. TF Weeks Saved Dur. TF

A 2 1 10 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

B 3 1 20 1 0 3 0 0 3 0

C 2 1 10 0 1 1 0 0 1 0

D 4 3 10 1 1 3 0 0 3 0

E 4 2 10 0 0 4 0 0 4 0

F 3 2 5 6 0 3 6 0 3 5

G 5 2 20 0 0 5 0 1 4 0

H 2 1 30 0 0 2 0 0 2 0

ADDITIONAL COST - 20,000.00 20,000.00

**from IT1
SAVINGS - 20,000.00 20,000.00

3,370,000.00 + 10,000.00 - 20,000.00 + 20,000.00 –

TOTAL PROJECT COST 3,080,000.00 + 300,000.00 = 3,380,000.00 3,370,000.00 + 20,000.00 – 20,000.00 = 3,370,000.00
20,000.00 = 3,370,000.00

TOTAL PROJECT DURATION 15 13 12 27