Collocation is one of the most prevalent language phenomena that has received a significant

amount of attention from researchers in the fields of linguistics and translation studies.

Collocations make it easier to use a language naturally. Additionally, they serve a unifying

purpose and provide a unique meaning that is distinct from the meaning of its basic

components. Having a firm grasp of collocations in both the Source Language (SL) and

Target Language (TL) is essential for any translator hoping to accurately represent the SL

text’s intended stylistic elements to their TL readers.

Collocations play a crucial part in the translation process because they convey the meaning of

ST to the target TL readers. To ensure that the translation sounds natural (idiomaticity, and

nativelikeness), one must follow the collocational rules of the target language.

Three articles have been chosen to discuss in the present study. The first article deals with

Qur’anic (Arabic) collocations to English and the rest of the two articles discuss English-

Arabic collocations. The present study aims to target the contrastive problem of collocation

and the similarities and differences between the selected articles in terms of purpose and

method used.

First Article

In the first article “Style and meaning in translations of the Qur’anic verb-noun collocations

into English”, Mutahar Qassem (2021) examined seven significant translations of English

translations of verb-noun collocations from Quran to determine how each translator

interpreted these verb-noun collocations from the Qur'an in English. Picthall (1930), Ali

(1934), Arberry (1955), AL-Hilali and Khan (1977) Sarwar (1981), Shakir (1999), and

Saheeh International (1997), are the prominent translations taken by Qassem to investigate

the translation of collocations (Qassem, 2021).

His study is based on corpus-based research in that it uses exegetical and linguistic studies to

examine seven translations of the Noble Qur'an that were chosen from the Qur'anic Arabic

Corpus. Using Reiss’s (2000) text model analysis, the author explores the intralinguistic and

extralinguistic features of the verb-noun collocations in the Qur'an.

The uniqueness of this research is that it examines the notable English translations of the

verb-noun collocations from the Noble Qur'an from a linguistic and exegetical perspective to

determine how well the collocations are conveyed to TL readers.

He concentrated on the verb-noun collocations in these seven Quranic translations, which

were qualitatively assessed using the text analysis model developed by Reiss and context-

based and linguistic exegeses of the Qur'an. Reiss (2000) provided a list of requirements for

intralinguistic and extralinguistic instructions. The translation of the verb collocation of the

Holy Quran can be studied using this technique. The Qur'anic collocations were examined

using linguistic criteria (lexical equivalence, semantic equivalence, grammatical elements,

and stylistic elements) as well as non-linguistic considerations (situation, subject field or

domain, time and place, culture, sender, receiver, and affective implications). The context of

collocations of the Holy Quran was revealed by contextual exegeses analysis, whilst the

linguistic-based exegeses revealed the stylistic and linguistic characteristics of the

collocations. To determine how well the translations of the Holy Quran captured its meaning,

they were compared with such linguistic and exegetical assessments.

Qassem (2020) concluded that when style and meaning collide, a communicative translation

could be the most effective approach. Even if they only translate a portion of the meaning of

collocations of the Holy Quran into English, the existing verb-noun translations into English

demonstrate that they conform to the informative level of meaning. Utilizing contextual and

linguistic exegeses in conjunction with integrated linguistic analysis makes it easier for
translators to choose the best translation method while taking into account the Qur'anic

collocations' style and meaning.

Article 2

In the second article, “Translation of Collocations into Arabic: A Descriptive Corpus-Based

Study”, the degree of domestication vs foreignization in translated Arabic literature was

measured by comparing several English collocations with their Arabic translations by

Alasmri (2020).

Using the OPUS2 parallel corpus and the online corpus analysis tool Sketch Engine, Alasmri

utilized Baker's theoretical framework of equivalence and translation techniques (Alasmri,

2020.) Quantitative corpus analysis was used in this work, along with some qualitative

elements. OPUS2 is a large collection of publicly accessible parallel corpora that Joerg

Tiedemann (2016, as cited in Alasmri, 2020) developed and aligned for the OPUS project.

The primary source of data for his investigation was the English-Arabic parallel corpus in

OPUS2, which has 1,139,515,048 words. Words and expressions that collocate with the

English verb "make" were his primary emphasis and their Arabic translations were studied.

In order to offer an overall frequency of make and its collocations, concordance lines were

first created using the parallel concordancing tool in Sketch Engine (Kilgarriff et al., 2014 as

cited in Alasmri, 2020).

Six widely used idioms or words that often collocate with "make" in English were picked in a

subsequent phase. In order to determine the degree to which domestication versus

foreignization is evident, Baker's model of equivalence and translation strategies were applied

to those cases. Concordance lines were used to first identify those collocations in English,

then to identify their Arabic translation for those collocations.

Six highly prevalent, data-driven collocations of "make" were found, along with their Arabic

translations: make sense, make a promise, make a difference, make progress, make a profit,

and make a statement.

It was clear in the results that from the majority of the examined collocations, domestication

had a major role in their translation into Arabic. That's probably due to the fact that

translators have a lot of experience, and in most of those cases, they used various methods to

reach the same meaning. That leads to several directions for future studies, such as comparing

expert and amateur translators or human and machine translation. Furthermore, these findings

may also have significant ramifications for the instruction of collocation translation, where

the use of a parallel corpus would be an excellent resource for teaching students’ and

trainees’ translation techniques.

Article 3

In the third article, “Domesticating the Text: Collocation Patterns and their Significance in

the Translated Text”, K. Thajeel Aldanani, (2019) examined Collocation Patterns to

determine their importance in the translated text. He gathered a corpus of two translated

articles from the Arabic and English versions of National Geographic magazine to support his

hypothesis.

Ghazala's (2004, as cited in K. Thajeel Aldanani, 2019) classification of Arabic collocation

patterns is used since it is the most detailed and complete model. In this study, target texts

and their English counterparts were placed in parallel to highlight the collocational patterns

and their utilization. Due to their partial derivation from the Quran and other linguistic

sources, these patterns are chosen as the most prevalent in Arabic.

The examples that were taken from the famous National Geographic magazine demonstrated

that the Arabic target texts (TT) had a large number of collocation patterns. The major

purpose of K. Thajeel Aldanani was to underline that the prevalence of collocation patterns in
the target text is a great indicator of translation quality. Examples from the article have

convincingly demonstrated how these patterns provide the target text with the writing quality

and flow that it needs. They assist in creating an accurate and persuasive translation for

particular readers.

The examples from the two articles demonstrate how collocation patterns served as a

coherent and cohesive strategy for translated information. The translators used several

collocations often found in the Quran and other registers in order to "domesticate" the texts

and to provide readers in the Arab people with a translation that is as natural and elegant as

possible.

Conclusion

Researchers in all the articles chosen have utilized the corpus-based method and compared

the original SL and TL texts. Each researcher employed contrastive analysis to analyze the

original and translated text through the lens of a separate set of theoretical frameworks and

secondary sources.

The researchers have emphasized the right utilization of collocation while translating from

SL to TL. In the first article, the purpose was to examine seven well-known English

translations of Qur'anic verb-noun collocations in order to learn how they translate the

original style and meaning of these expressions into English.

The second article aimed to assess the level of domestication vs foreignization in translated

Arabic literature by contrasting different English collocations with their Arabic counterparts.

The third article's goal was to provide examples to look at the importance of collocation

patterns for the translated text. It was an effort to show how hard translators work to make

their translations seem as natural, fluid, and eloquent to readers as possible.

The results show that researchers emphasized on style and meaning of the collocation to

make it not only understandable for the target readers but also it should leave the same impact

as it had on the source language readers.