Class 10 Science Notes
**Page 1: Physics**
1. Laws of Motion:
- First Law: An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
- Second Law: F = ma (Force equals mass times acceleration).
- Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
2. Work, Power, and Energy:
- Work: W = F x d x cos(theta).
- Power: Rate of doing work, P = W/t.
- Energy: The capacity to do work, includes kinetic and potential energy.
3. Gravitation:
- Newton's Law of Gravitation: F = G(m1 x m2) / r^2.
- Free-fall: Objects accelerate due to gravity, g = 9.8 m/s^2.
**Page 2: Chemistry**
1. Chemical Reactions and Equations:
- Types: Combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, oxidation-reduction.
- Example: 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O.
2. Acids, Bases, and Salts:
- Acids: Sour taste, turn blue litmus red.
- Bases: Bitter taste, turn red litmus blue.
- Neutralization: Acid + Base = Salt + Water.
3. Periodic Table:
- Groups and periods: Elements arranged in increasing atomic number.
- Metals, non-metals, and metalloids.
**Page 3: Biology**
1. Life Processes:
- Nutrition: Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.
- Respiration: Aerobic and anaerobic.
- Transportation: Blood, heart, and vascular system.
2. Control and Coordination:
- Nervous system: Brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
- Hormonal control: Endocrine glands and hormones.
3. Heredity and Evolution:
- Heredity: Passing traits from parents to offspring.
- Evolution: The gradual development of organisms over generations.
