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Class 10 Science Notes

The Class 10 Science Notes cover key topics including chemical reactions, acids and bases, metals and non-metals, carbon compounds, periodic classification, life processes, control and coordination, reproduction, heredity, light, electricity, magnetic effects, energy sources, environment, and resource management. Each section outlines fundamental concepts, examples, and important principles relevant to the subject. The notes serve as a comprehensive guide for students preparing for their science curriculum.

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95 views4 pages

Class 10 Science Notes

The Class 10 Science Notes cover key topics including chemical reactions, acids and bases, metals and non-metals, carbon compounds, periodic classification, life processes, control and coordination, reproduction, heredity, light, electricity, magnetic effects, energy sources, environment, and resource management. Each section outlines fundamental concepts, examples, and important principles relevant to the subject. The notes serve as a comprehensive guide for students preparing for their science curriculum.

Uploaded by

adityakapoor6666o
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 10 Science Notes

1. Chemical Reactions and Equations

- Chemical reactions involve rearrangement of atoms.

- Reactants Products.

- Types: Combination, Decomposition, Displacement, Double Displacement, Redox.

- Example: 2H2 + O2 2H2O.

2. Acids, Bases and Salts

- Acids: Sour taste, turn blue litmus red.

- Bases: Bitter, soapy, turn red litmus blue.

- Reactions: Neutralization, with metals, carbonates.

- Salts: Result from acid-base reactions.

3. Metals and Non-metals

- Metals: Malleable, ductile, good conductors.

- Non-metals: Brittle, poor conductors.

- Reactivity: Metals lose electrons, non-metals gain.

- Ionic bonding in compounds.

4. Carbon and its Compounds

- Tetravalency, catenation.

- Covalent bonding.

- Important compounds: Ethanol, Ethanoic acid.

- Soaps and detergents.


5. Periodic Classification of Elements

- Mendeleevs & Modern Periodic Table.

- Periodicity: Atomic size, valency, ionization energy.

6. Life Processes

- Nutrition: Autotrophic, heterotrophic.

- Respiration: Aerobic and anaerobic.

- Transportation: Blood, xylem, phloem.

- Excretion: Nephron, kidneys.

7. Control and Coordination

- Nervous system: Brain, spinal cord.

- Reflex actions.

- Hormones and endocrine system.

8. How do Organisms Reproduce?

- Modes: Asexual (binary fission, budding), Sexual.

- Human reproduction system.

- Menstrual cycle and fertilization.

9. Heredity and Evolution

- Mendels laws of inheritance.

- Sex determination.

- Evolution: Speciation, fossil records.


10. Light Reflection and Refraction

- Laws of reflection and refraction.

- Concave & convex mirrors, lenses.

- Mirror and lens formulas, ray diagrams.

11. Human Eye and Colourful World

- Structure of the eye, defects (myopia, hypermetropia).

- Dispersion, scattering of light.

- Rainbow, Tyndall effect.

12. Electricity

- Ohms Law: V = IR.

- Series and parallel circuits.

- Power: P = VI.

- Heating effect of current.

13. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

- Magnetic field, field lines.

- Electromagnet, electric motor, generator.

- Flemings Left & Right Hand Rule.

14. Sources of Energy

- Conventional: Fossil fuels, thermal, hydro.

- Non-conventional: Solar, wind, nuclear.

- Renewable vs. non-renewable sources.


15. Our Environment

- Ecosystem: Biotic and abiotic components.

- Food chains and webs.

- Ozone depletion, pollution.

16. Management of Natural Resources

- 3 Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.

- Forest and wildlife conservation.

- Sustainable management: Water, coal, petroleum.

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