Cloud Deployment Models,

Cloud Service Models,

Technological Drivers for Cloud
Computing
TECHNOLOGICAL DRIVERS FOR CLOUD COMPUTING
The technological drivers for cloud computing are innovations and
developments that have enabled the growth, scalability, and
widespread adoption of cloud services. These drivers enhance
efficiency, lower costs, and enable flexibility.
1. VIRTUALIZATION
Virtualization is one of the core technologies behind cloud
computing. It allows multiple virtual environments to run on a single
physical machine, which optimizes resource utilization. With
virtualization, different workloads can share computing resources
without interfering with each other, allowing efficient server
consolidation and scalability.
 TYPES OF VIRTUALIZATION
► Hardware Virtualization
► Server Virtualization
► Storage Virtualization
► Operating System Virtualization
► Data Virtualization
virtualization techniques enhance IT environments' resource
utilization, scalability, flexibility, and management effectiveness.
 HARDWARE VIRTUALIZATION:
Multiple virtual machines (VMs) can run on a single physical server
thanks to hardware virtualization, which abstracts away physical
hardware resources. This makes it possible to consolidate servers and
use resources effectively.
 SERVER VIRTUALIZATION
A physical server is divided into several virtual servers, or VMs, each
of which can run its own operating system and applications. This
process is known as server virtualization. It increases server efficiency
and streamlines administration.
 STORAGE VIRTUALIZATION
It creates a virtualized storage pool by abstracting physical storage
resources. This improves scalability and flexibility, centralizes
provisioning, and simplifies management.
 OPERATING SYSTEM VIRTUALIZATION
► This technology enables a host operating system to host a number of
segregated user-space instances, often known as containers. With quicker
startup times and less overhead, it offers virtualization that is both
lightweight and effective.
 DATA VIRTUALIZATION
► It creates a cohesive virtual picture by abstracting data from diverse sources.
Data integration is facilitated, and real-time data access is made possible by the
ability of users and programs to access and alter data as if it were kept in a
single location.
SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE
SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE

SOA is an architectural pattern in software

development where different components (or services)
are designed to communicate with one another over a
network, typically through standardized protocols such
as HTTP, SOAP, or REST. Each service performs a
specific function and can be independently
maintained, scaled, or upgraded.
SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE
KEY FEATURES OF SOA:
► Loose Coupling: Services are designed to be
independent of each other, which makes it easy to scale
or modify individual services without affecting the
entire system.
► Reusability: Services can be reused in different
applications, reducing development time and resource
usage.
► Interoperability: SOA enables different systems and
applications to communicate with each other,
regardless of the underlying platforms or technologies.
SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE
Service-Oriented Architecture
 SOA’s Role in Cloud Computing:
► Foundation for Microservices and APIs: SOA’s emphasis on services has
evolved into microservices architecture, which is a major foundation of
cloud-native applications. Cloud platforms often rely on micro services
and APIs, allowing organizations to modularize their applications.
► Improved Scalability: Cloud computing’s elastic nature complements SOA
by allowing services to scale independently based on demand.
► Seamless Integration: SOA facilitates easy integration of on premise and
cloud-based services. It allows businesses to gradually migrate to the
cloud while maintaining legacy systems.
► Efficiency in Resource Utilization: SOA allows cloud platforms to
allocate resources more efficiently since services can run independently,
and cloud providers can optimize their infrastructure to support this
modularity.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOA
Provides between the services
► Provides methods for service encapsulation, service discovery,
service composition, service reusability and service integration.
► Facilitates QOS (Quality of Services) through service contract
based on Service Level Agreement (SLA).
► Provides loosely couples services.
► Provides location transparency with better scalability and
availability.
► Ease of maintenance with reduced cost of application
development and deployment.
 MULTICORE TECHNOLOGY

It refers to the use of processors with multiple

cores (central processing units or CPUs) to
enhance the performance, scalability, and
efficiency of cloud services. These processors
allow cloud providers to handle multiple tasks
or processes simultaneously by distributing
workloads across different cores, making cloud
computing environments more robust.
MULTICORE TECHNOLOGY
MULTICORE TECHNOLOGY
 BENEFITS OF MULTICORE TECHNOLOGY
Increased Performance and Scalability:
Multicore processors allow multiple tasks to run in parallel,
significantly increasing the processing power of cloud
infrastructure. This is especially useful in handling large volumes
of data, intensive computations, and concurrent user requests.
Better Resource Utilization:
With multicore CPUs, cloud platforms can allocate different cores
to different tasks, ensuring more efficient use of hardware
resources. This prevents bottlenecks and improves overall system
efficiency.
 BENEFITS OF MULTICORE TECHNOLOGY
Energy Efficiency:
Multicore processors often require less energy than multiple
single-core processors performing the same tasks. This helps
cloud providers reduce energy consumption and operating costs
while maintaining high levels of performance.
Faster Task Execution:
Multithreaded applications can be processed more efficiently.
Tasks are broken down and executed across multiple cores,
reducing execution time, and improving responsiveness for
cloud users.
 BENEFITS OF MULTICORE TECHNOLOGY
Improved Virtualization:
Cloud environments rely heavily on virtualization to provide
services. Multicore technology enhances virtualization by
allowing multiple virtual machines (VMs) to share CPU resources
more efficiently, leading to better performance for each VM.
Scalable Infrastructure:
Cloud providers can deploy multicore servers to scale their
services quickly. This scalability ensures that as demand
increases, the cloud environment can handle higher traffic
without significant degradation in performance.
 USE CASES OF MULTICORE TECHNOLOGY
► Data Analytics: Large-scale data analysis platforms, such as Hadoop
or Spark, benefit from multicore processing for handling big data
workloads.
► AI and Machine Learning: Training machine learning models or
performing real-time inference often requires high computational
power, which is efficiently managed by multicore systems.
► High-Performance Computing (HPC): Cloud-based HPC solutions
leverage multicore technology to run complex simulations, scientific
computations, and engineering workloads.
► Gaming and Media Streaming: Online gaming platforms and
streaming services utilize multicore processors to deliver smooth
user experiences with minimal latency.
 WHAT IS WEB 1.0, WEB 2.0, AND WEB 3.0

► Web 1.0 was all about fetching, and reading information

► Web 2.0 is all about reading, writing, creating,
and interacting with the end user. It was famously called
the participative social web.
► Web 3.0 is the third generation of the World Wide Web,
and is a vision of a decentralized web which is currently a
work in progress. It is all about reading, writing, and
owning.
 WHAT IS WEB 1.0
► Web 1.0 refers to the first stage of the World Wide Web evolution
► content creators in Web 1.0 with a huge majority of users who are
consumers of content
► Personal web pages were common, consisting mainly of static pages
hosted on ISP-run web servers, or free web hosting services
► Web 1.0 is a content delivery network (CDN)
► Static pages.
► Content is served from the server’s file system.
► Pages built using Server Side Includes or Common Gateway
Interface (CGI).
► Frames and Tables are used to position and align the elements on a
page.
Web 1.0
 FEATURES OF THE WEB 1.0
► Easy to connect static pages with the system via
hyperlinks
► Supports elements like frames and tables with HTML 3.2
► Also has graphics and a GIF button
► Less interaction between the user and the server
► You can send HTML forms via mail
► Provides only a one-way publishing medium
WEB 1.0 IN CLOUD COMPUTING
 What is Web 2.0?
► 2004 When the word Web 2.0 become famous due to the First
Web 2.0 conference (later known as the Web 2.0 summit) held by
Tim O’Reilly and Dale Dougherty.
► Web 2.0 refers to worldwide websites which highlight
user-generated content, usability, and interoperability for end
users.
► Web 2.0 is also called the participative social web.
► Interaction and collaboration with each other are allowed by
Web 2.0 in a social media dialogue as the creator of
user-generated content in a virtual community.
 WEB 2.0 IN CLOUD COMPUTING
► Web 2.0 is the internet we are most familiar with today,
characterized by user-generated content, social media,
interactivity, and collaboration. It led to the rise of cloud
computing because of the increased demand for scalable
infrastructure to support growing online applications.
► Web 2.0 (or Web 2) is the popular term given to the
advanced Internet technology and applications that
include blogs, wikis, really simple syndication (RSS), and
social bookmarking
► Blogs, Social Networking sites, video sharing platforms
FEATURES OF THE WEB 2.0
► Free sorting of information, permits users to retrieve and
classify the information collectively.
► Dynamic content that is responsive to user input.
► Information flows between the site owner and site users using
evaluation & online commenting.
► Developed APIs to allow self-usage, such as by a software
application.
► Web access leads to concerns different, from the traditional
Internet user base to a wider variety of users.
WEB 2.0 IN CLOUD COMPUTING
WEB 2.0 IN CLOUD COMPUTING
USAGE OF WEB 2.0
► The social Web contains several online tools and platforms where
people share their perspectives, opinions, thoughts, and experiences
► Web 2.0 applications tend to interact much more with the end user
► Podcasting
► Blogging
► Tagging
► Curating with RSS
► Social bookmarking
► Social networking
► Social media
► Web content voting
WEB 2.0 IN CLOUD COMPUTING
S.No Domain DA Link Type
1 Wordpress.com 92 DoFollow
2 Tumblr.com 86 DoFollow
3 Blogger.com 99 DoFollow
4 Jimdo.com 75 DoFollow
5 Livejournal.com 93 DoFollow
6 Wix.com 94 DoFollow
7 Weebly.com 93 DoFollow
8 Blogspot.com 66 DoFollow
9 Deviantart.com 84 DoFollow
10 Goodreads.com 93 DoFollow
11 Zoho.com 86 DoFollow
12 Sites.google.com 97 DoFollow
WEB 2.0 IN CLOUD COMPUTING
13 Medium.com 96 DoFollow
14 Pen.io 90 DoFollow
15 Angelfire.lycos.com 92 DoFollow
16 Xing.com 92 DoFollow
17 Instructables.com 93 DoFollow
18 Evernote.com 92 DoFollow
19 Slashdot.org 91 DoFollow
20 Hubpages.com 91 DoFollow
21 Webs.com 90 DoFollow
22 Soup.io 89 DoFollow
23 Wikidot.com 82 DoFollow
24 Typepad.com 83 DoFollow
WEB 3.0 IN CLOUD COMPUTING
WEB 3.0 IN CLOUD COMPUTING
 PERVASIVE COMPUTING
► Pervasive computing is a combination of technologies,
such as Internet capabilities, voice recognition,
networking, artificial intelligence, and wireless
computing, used to make computing anywhere possible.
Pervasive computing devices make day-to-day computing
activities extremely easy to perform
► Pervasive Computing is also called as Ubiquitous
computing, is a trend where computing capabilities are
embedded in everyday objects to make them more
responsive to users. This allows devices to anticipate
needs and perform tasks without manual intervention.
PERVASIVE COMPUTING
 PERVASIVE COMPUTING
► The words pervasive and ubiquitous mean existing
everywhere.
► Pervasive computing relies on the convergence of
wireless technologies, advanced electronics, and the
Internet.
► Create smart products that communicate
unobtrusively
► The underlying technologies to support pervasive
computing include Internet, advanced middleware,
OS, mobile, sensors, microprocessors, new I/O and
user interfaces, networks, mobile protocols, and
location-based services.
 PERVASIVE COMPUTING
► The Proper Integration Of Various Components That Talk To Each Other And Thereby Behaving As A Single
Connected System.
 How Pervasive Computing Helps Cloud Computing
► IT enterprises are adopting cloud computing in order to reduce the
total cost involved and also to improve the QoS delivered to the
customers.
► Pervasive computing helps cloud computing by providing the ability to
access the cloud resources anytime, anywhere and also through any
device.
► Pervasive computing provides the necessary features such as
ubiquitous computing, storage and archiving, social community–based
applications, and business as well as nonbusiness applications in order
for cloud computing to gain its full potential.
 How Pervasive Computing Helps Cloud Computing
► By storing data on the cloud, and interacting with the
cloud through secure communication channels, all
these constraints can be easily met.
► Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is important
in cloud computing.
► This conversation is automatically transcribed, tagged,
and forwarded to team members for review.
► Microsoft HoloLens, Apple Vision Pro and Meta Quest,
 OPERATING SYSTEM
► An OS is a collection of softwares that manages the
computer hardware resources and other programs in
the computing system.
► OS is an essential component of the system
Technological Drivers for Cloud Computing software in
a computer system as application programs usually
require an OS for their interface with the hardware
resources and other system programs.
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
► Network Oss
► Web Oss
► Distributed Oss
► Embedded systems
 NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM
► Operating System is that the operating system is
the interface between the computer hardware and
the user.
► Network operating system(NOS) is software that
connects multiple devices and computers on the
network and allows them to share resources on the
network.
NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM
 NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM
► Creating and managing user accounts on the
network.
► Controlling access to resources on the network.
► Provide communication services between the devices
on the network.
► Monitor and troubleshoot the network.
► Configuring and Managing the resources on the
network.
 Types of Network Operating Systems

► Peer to Peer: Peer-to-peer network operating

systems allow the sharing of resources and files
with small-sized networks and having fewer
resources. In general, peer-to-peer network
operating systems are used on LAN.
► Client/server: Client-server network operating
systems provide users access to resources through
the central server. This NOS is too expensive to
implement and maintain. This operating system is
good for the big networks which provide many
services.
Examples of Network Operating Systems

► Microsoft Windows Server

► UNIX/Linux
► Artisoft’s LANtastic
► Banyan’s VINES
 WEB OPERATING SYSTEM

Web OSs are basically websites that replicate the

desktop environment of modern OSs, all inside a web
browser. They are installed onto web servers and live on
the Internet. Thus, a user can access his virtual desktop
from any device, anywhere, that is connected to the
net. Web OSs are also called the dynamic computers. In
this case, the applications, hard disk, and OSs are all
present at the servers from where they are accessed.
Google Chrome OS is an example of a web OS.
 WEB OPERATING SYSTEM
► The web OS service provider manages the application and
database accesses of the various users. The user is
provided with a graphical user interface similar to the one
available on a desktop PC, which can be used to access
the data and the applications from the server.
► Web operating system are majorly created using AJAX and
Flash.
► AJAX (Asynchronous Javascript And XML) is a set of
technologies used to create asynchronous web
applications.
TYPE OF WEB OS
► GHOST - 15GB
► Eye OS
► JoliCloud – Social network
► iCloud – 50GB
► Glide OS - 10GB
DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEM
A distributed OS is a software that is present
over a collection of independent, networked,
communicating, and physically separate
computational nodes.
Each individual node holds a specific software
that is a subset of the global aggregate OS.
Each subset consists of two distinct
components of the distributed OS
DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEM
DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEM

The first one is a ubiquitous minimal kernel, or

microkernel, that directly controls the node’s
hardware.
second one is a higher level collection of system
management components that coordinate the
node’s individual and collaborative activities.
Although it consists of multiple nodes, it appears to
the users and applications as a single-node OS.
 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

► Embedded systems are OSs present in electronic

devices used for various purposes in order to make
them smart and more efficient.
► present in devices such as routers, for example,
typically include a preconfigured web server, DHCP
server, and some utilities for its effective networking
operation, and they do not allow the installation of
new programs in them
 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
► Embedded OSs for routers include Cisco Internetwork
Operating System (IOS), DD-WRT, and Juniper Junos.
 Application Environment
► Application development environment (ADE) is the hardware,
software, and computing resources required for building
software applications.
► ADE is a composite set of computing resources that provides an
interface for application development, testing, deployment,
integration, troubleshooting and maintenance services.
► Software engineering resources, such as a programming
language’s integrated development environment (IDE), reporting
and analysis software, troubleshooting tools, and other
performance evaluation software utilities.
NEED FOR EFFECTIVE ADE