LMOIS ACA.

YEAR -2023-24

CLASS X: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (402)

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (BASIC)

1. What do you mean by Database?

A database is an organized collection of data. You can visualize it as a container of
information.
2. What does DBMS stand for? Write a short note.
DBMS stands for Database Management System. A database management system is a
software package that controls the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows
different user application programs to concurrently access the same database. Examples-
Oracle, IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, PostgreSQL, MySQL,
FoxPro, and SQLite
3. In how many types, data can be organised?
Data can be organized into two types:
Flat Relational
Data is stored in a single table. Data is stored in multiple tables and the tables are
linked using a common field
Usually suitable for less amount of Usually suitable for medium to large amount of data
data
Example: MS Excel, OpenOffice.org Example: MS Access, OpenOffice.org Base, Oracle
Calc

4. What do you mean by Database Server? OR Define Client Server

architecture/model? OR how Front-end is different from back-end?
Database servers are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases and run only the
DBMS and related software.
Databases available on the database servers are accessed through command line or graphic
user interface tools referred to as Frontends.
Database servers are referred to as Back-ends.
Such type of data access is referred to as a client-server model.
5. What does RDBMS stand for? Write a short note.
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. When data is to be stored,
maintained, and retrieved from multiple tables then special database software are required
known as Relational Database Management System.
In the RDBMS data can be integrated using keys like Primary Key, Composite
Primary Key, and Foreign Key. A Relational database use Structured Query
Language (SQL) for database access.
6. How is data organized in a RDBMS?
In RDBMS, data is organised in the form of inter linked tables. Relational database
establishes a well-defined relationship between database tables.
7. What do you mean by Composite Primary Key?
When primary key constraint is applied on one or more columns then it is known as
Composite Primary Key.

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8. What do you mean by record uniqueness?

Uniqueness helps to avoid accidental duplication of records caused by user or computer
error. This can be achieved by using some number or value that uniquely identifies a
record by applying Primary Key.

9. State the relationship and difference between a primary and foreign key?
Primary Key Foreign Key
A primary key is a unique value that A FOREIGN KEY is a field in one table, that
identifies a refers
row in a table. to the PRIMARY KEY in another table.
There can be only one Primary Key There can be multiple foreign key in a table
Primary Key field can’t have NULL values. Foreign Key field can have NULL values.
The table with the foreign key is called the child table, and the table with the primary key is
called the
referenced or parent table.
The FOREIGN KEY is used to link two tables together.
10. Write some advantages of Database.
Some advantages of databases are:
1. Reduces Data Redundancy: Database reduces data redundancy (duplication of data)
2. Sharing of Data: In a database, the users of the database can share the data among
themselves.
3. Data Integrity: Data integrity means that the data is accurate and consistent in the
database.
4. Data Security: Database provides data security as only authorized users are allowed to
access the database and their identity are authenticated by using a username and password.
5. Privacy: The privacy rule in a database state that only the authorized users can access
a database
6. Backup and Recovery: Database Management System automatically takes care of
backup and recovery.
11. Write some features of databases.
Some features of databases are:
1. A database can have one or many tables.
2. Each table in a database contains information about one type of item.
3. Record uniqueness in every table.
4. Stores data in one central location
5. Allows data to be shared by many users.
6. Provides user interfaces to work with the data.
7. Provides High Level of Security
8. Every database table should have one or more fields designated as key.
9. Every table has a key field which ensures that there are 100% unique values
throughout the database.
12. a) Which data type is used to store sound/image? Ans: LONGVARBINARY
b) Which datatype stores both date and time? Ans: TIMESTAMP

13. How record, value and table are interconnected?

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A record is a set of information (made up of fields) stored in your database about one of the
items.
A “value” is the actual text or numerical amount or date that you put in while adding
information to your database. When you put all the information together in a grid, a
collection of similar records creates a table. Table is collection of horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
14. What field is different from record?
Columns or Fields or Attributes: A column is a set of data values of a particular simple
type, one for each row of the table. The columns provide the structure according to which
the rows are composed. For example, Name, dept, fees etc
Rows or Records or Tuples: A row also called a Record or Tuple represents a single
data item in a table. Every row in the table has the same structure. Every row in the
table has the same structure.
15. In how many ways tables can be created in Base?
There are two different ways to create a table:
1. Create table in Design View
2. Use Wizard to Create Table

16. What is the default datatype of all fields in a table?

Text[VARCHAR] data type

17. What do you mean by SQL?

SQL stands for Structured Query Language which is basically a language used by databases.
It is a standard user application that provides an easy programming interface for database
interaction.

18. Define the structure of a table.

Structure of table means total number of columns and datatype of each column. Tables are
the basic building blocks of a database. The columns provide the structure according to
which the rows are composed. For example, Name, Dept, Salary are fields in a row.

19. Does Base add Primary key itself if user doesn’t its own?
Base automatically adds the column to be set as Primary Key which will help the user to
enter the unique values and helps in creating the relationship with the other tables.

20. What do you mean by datatypes?

Datatypes are used to identify which type of data (value) we are going to
store in the database. Fields themselves can be of different types
depending on the data they contain.

21. What are the different categories of datatypes? Explain each one of them.
Data types in OpenOffice base are broadly classified into five categories listed below.
 Numeric Types
 Alphanumeric Types
 Binary Types
 Date time
 Other Variable types
Numeric data types are used for describing numeric values for the field used in the table of
a database like mobile number, roll number, door number, year of school admission etc.
Examples- Boolean, smallint, Integer, Float, decimal, Real etc

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Alphanumeric data types are used for describing alphabets and special character values
for the field used in the table of a database like name, dept, subject, address etc.
Examples- char, varchar etc
Binary Datatype are used for storing photos, music files, etc.
in the table of a database. Example- Image, Binary,
LongBinary etc
Date time datatypes are used for describing date and time values for the field used in the
table of a database like Date of Birth, Date of Joining.
Example- Date, Time, Timestamp
22. What do you mean by Field properties?
Field Properties sets boundaries on what/how data is entered into table fields.
23. What are the different field properties of Numeric Data type?
The properties of numeric type data are
AutoValue – if set to yes then field will get the auto numeric values.
Length – By default length of the field is 10 but the size of the field can be set to maximum
length.
Default Value – A default value can be set for a field if user don’t provide any value
while entering the values in the table.
Format example – This property helps to set the format of the data entered in the field such
as 91-222-333.

24.Write about the various datatypes of DBMS.

Text Data Type – The text data is a combination of letters, numbers or special characters. No
arithmetic calculations can be performed on text data.
Eg: varchar, char, longvarchar

Numeric Data Type – Numeric data types consists of numbers. The numbers can be integer
or real numbers on which any type of arithmetic calculations can be performed.
Eg: Tiny Integer, Small Integer, Integer, BigInt, Number, Decimal , Float, Real, Double

Currency Data Type – The currency data type indicates the monetary values and can be
stored using currencies of various countries.

Date Data Type – This data type is used to indicate dates and time. For example, 12/25/2019,
08:45 AM. The data and time can be stored in various formats. Eg: Date, Time, Timestamp

Boolean – In Boolean data type there can be only two values- True or False. This also can be
given in multiple formats like Yes/No, True/False, On/Off.

Binary – The Binary data type used to store digitized images and sounds that comes as long
string of zeros and ones. It is possible to store photos of the products or employees, or sound
snippets or voice messages in Base database. Eg: BINARY, VARBINARY, LONGVARBINARY

25. Explain about objects in RDBMS.

Table – The data is first stored in tables in row and column format. A column
represents a field or an attribute while a row represents a record.

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Forms –We can enter data in a table in an easy and user friendly manner. A form
consists of text boxes, labels, radio buttons, list boxes, check
boxes etc. The data entered through the forms is stored in tables.
Queries – A query is used to retrieve the desired information from the database.
Reports – The output of a query may be displayed in the form of reports. A report is
used to present the retrieved data in an attractive and customized manner.